Trotsky Lev Davidovich: Biography, akatorwa

August 21 unosvitsa makore 75 kubva pazuva kana Leon Trotsky vakaurayirwa chigaro. The Biography iyi yakakurumbira echimurenga Zvinozivikanwa. Asi zvinokanganisawo zvinotevera ezvinhu: akava muvengi, kwete chete kune vaya chakakodzera kuonekwa pakaunda-kuipandukira - vavengi October Revolution pakati 1917 gore, asi naivo vari naye rinogadzirira uye zvokushandisa. Zvisinei, haana kumbobvira akava Anti nokukurumidza, uye kwete pasi dzokororo echimurenga zvinangwa (kanenge pakutanga). Ndechipi chikonzero yakadaro unopinza yokumbozorora nevatsigiri vake, izvo pakupedzisira zvakatungamirira kurufu rwake? Ngatiedzei pamwe kuwana mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu. Chokutanga, tinofanira kuuya zvezvaidzidziswa vitae.

Leon Trotsky: A pfupi Biography

Rondedzera muchidimbu zviri zvakaoma, asi achiri edza. Akaberekwa Lev Bronstein (Trotsky) November 7 (unoshamisa masanga yemichindwe, zvakanaka, sei tisingagoni kutenda nyeredzi?) Muna 1879 mumhuri ine akapfuma muJudha (kana kuti, kuti lessee) muUkraine, mune mumwe musha muduku uri zvino muna Kirovograd nharaunda .

Study akatanga muna Odessa, pazera remakore 9 makore (ona kuti gamba redu akasiya musha ave mwana uye asina kwenguva refu nguva haina kudzokera nayo), akaramba muna 1895-1897. muna Nikolaev, kutanga chikoro chaicho, ipapo panguva Novorossiysk University, asi nokukurumidza akarega kudzidzisa uye mukusanzwisisa echimurenga basa.

Zvino, makore ane gumi namasere - wokutanga pevhu mudenderedzwa nemapfumbamwe - kusungwa wokutanga. Makore maviri mumajeri akasiyana uri parimandi, muchato wokutanga pamwe chete, sezvo akapedzisa Aleksandroy Sokolovskoy zvakananga Butyrskaya (voted Humanism zviremera Russian!), Ipapo link iri Irkutsk Province nomudzimai wake uye munin'ina (Humanism richiri chiito). Pano Trotskiy Lev havazotadzi nguva pasina - iye A. Sokolov akaberekwa vanasikana vaviri, ari mubasa venhau, yakadhindwa muna pepanhau Irkutsk, nyaya dzakawanda funneling kwose.

Chii chinozotevera chinhu dizzying rwendo uye akapukunyuka pamwe ndokugadzira zvinyorwa zita Trotsky (maererano neuchapupu Lva Davidovicha, raiva zita mumwe wavatariri vari Odessa mujeri, uye zita rake akazviratidza mutizi saka kunonakidza kuti zvinganaka naye kuita zvenhema pasipoti) kuna London.

Pane gamba redu kuchengeta kusvikira pakutanga rechipiri Party Congress (1902), paiva akakurumbira kutsemura pakati Bolsheviks uye Mensheviks. Pano akatanga kuziva Lenin, akarumbidza mabhuku tarenda Trotsky uye vakaedza kupinda mune nyaya revatungamiriri "Iskra" pepanhau.

Pamberi yokuRussia chimurenga chekutanga , Trotsky Lev akatora isina enyika chinzvimbo, oscillating pakati Bolsheviks uye Mensheviks. Nguva iyi ndiyo yechipiri chokuroorana dzaro Nataley Sedovoy, Anogumisa, kwete vakarambana kubva mukadzi wokutanga. muchato uyu yakanga yakareba chaizvo, uye N. Sedova aiva naye kusvikira parufu rwake.

1905 - panguva enyika kugomo nokukurumidza kuwedzera gamba redu. Vasvika Vanopupuma pashure Bloody Sunday Petersburg, Lev Davidovich akaronga St. Petersburg Soviet uye akava mutevedzeri wokutanga sachigaro wayo, gs Nosar (ainziwo sekristaro - gweta, yechiUkraine, chizvarwa Poltava, uyo akapfurwa muna 1918 iri pachavo mirayiridzo Trotsky), uye pashure hwaakasungwa, uye sachigaro. Zvadaro, pakupera kwegore - kusungwa, muna 1906 - Dare uye anotaurwa polar nharaunda (nzvimbo magetsi Salekhard) nokusingaperi.

Asi Trotskiy Lev zvaisazova pachake kana akabvumirwa kundoviga pachake mupenyu achinaya mvura. Paaienda kubatana anoita ushingiwo unotiza oga nzira kuburikidza hafu Russia kunze.

Izvi zvinoteverwa yakareba kuutapwa kusvika 1917. Panguva ino, Lev Davidovich anotanga uye kanoita yakawanda enyika zvirongwa, rinobudisa mapepanhau akawanda, ose nzira kuedza nzvimbo iri echimurenga kufamba somumwe varongi ayo. Hazvina kutora divi kana Lenin, kana Mensheviks dzose nguva kunosiyana-siyana pakati pavo, achifambisa, vachiedza kuwiriranisa feuding mapapiro mumagariro hweruzhinji. Ari chaizvo kuedza kutora utungamiriri chinzvimbo Russian echimurenga kufamba. Asi haana kubudirira, uye kubudikidza 1917 zviri pamusoro varikumahombekombe zvoupenyu enyika, zvinoita kuti pfungwa Trotsky kusiya Europe uye kuedza mhanza yake America.

Pano iye une anonakidza sumo iri madenderedzwa siyana, kusanganisira mari, izvo akamutendera kuti vauye Russia mushure February Revolution, muna May 1917, pachena kwete muhomwe chinhu. Vaimbove sachigaro Petrograd Soviet Akachengetedza kwaari nzvimbo itsva mukuberekwazve tsika, uye zvinogonekwa zvemari kusunda vatungamiriri Council idzva, izvo achitungamirirwa Trotsky anopinda kurwirana simba pamwe dikidiki Government.

Akazopedzisira (mu September 1917), akabatana Bolsheviks uye aiva munhu wechipiri muna Leninist mubato. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Sokolnikov uye Bubnov - kuti okutanga nhengo manomwe Politburo, iro rakaumbwa muna 1917 kuti hutonge Bolshevik Revolution. Panguva iyoyowo akanga 20 September 1917 uye aiva sachigaro Petrograd Soviet. Vanenge vose rinobatsira basa iri sangano iri October Revolution wayo kudzivirira mumavhiki simba Soviet rokutanga - basa Lva Trotskogo.

In 1917-1918. iye vakashumira Revolution, kutanga sezvo vanhu commissar nokuda Affairs Foreign, uye ipapo sezvo wendarama uye mutungamiri Red Army pachinzvimbo vanhu commissar nokuda Military uye Naval Affairs. Trotskiy Lev aiva anokosha kukunda pakati Bolsheviks iri Russian Civil War (1918-1923 gg.). Aivawo nhengo chete (1919-1926 gg.) Pamusoro Political Bureau of Bolshevik Party.

Pashure pokukundwa kuRuboshwe Kushorwa, izvo zvakaita kuti dzisakarurama kurwisa kuwedzera Iosifa Stalina vake mitemo iri 1920s zvainanga kukura basa muboka revatungamiriri muSoviet Union, Trotsky akabviswa simba (October 1927), adzingwa Communist Party (November 1927 ) uye adzingwa Soviet Union (February 1929).

Sezvo musoro mukuru Rechina International, Trotsky, nhapwa akaramba kurwisa paitonga Stalin muboka revatungamiriri muSoviet Union. On Stalin kuti kurayira, akaurayiwa muMexico muna August 1940, Ramon Mercader, munhu Soviet nomumiririri Spanish mavambo.

pfungwa Trotsky zvaJehovha zvinoumba hwaro Trotskyism, chikuru kutungamirirwa Marxist pfungwa, izvo vaishora dzidziso Stalinism. Aiva mumwe mashoma Soviet nenhamba enyika vasina rehabilitated pasi nehurumende Nikity Hruscheva ari Kuma1960, kana panguva "Gorbachev kuti" perestroika. Mukupera 1980s, mabhuku ake asunungurwa kubudiswa muSoviet Union.

Chete post-Soviet Russia akanga rehabilitated uye Leon Trotsky. Biography wake akaongorora uye rakanyorwa dzinoverengeka inozivikanwa dzekare, kusanganisira Somuenzaniso, Dmitry Volkogonov. Hatidi kuzvirondedzera zvizere, uye ongorora chete mamwe mapeji vakasarudzwa.

Kwakatangira paumbwe unhu pauduku hwake (1879-1895 biennium).

Kuti tinzwisise kwakatangira paumbwe unhu gamba redu, unofanira kutora vanyatsoona apo Leon Trotsky akaberekwa. Raiva Ukrainian kure nemaguta, Prairie okurima nharaunda, ndiro chete uye achiri. Uye chii akazviita Bronstein mhuri Jewish: baba, David L., uyo yainotaura kubva Poltava, mai, Anna, kubva Odessa, vana vavo (1850-1910 biennium) (1847-1922 gg.).? Kufanana nedzimwe mhuri Bourgeois munzvimbo idzodzo - atambira guta noutsinye vanoparadza kuUkraine vanhuwo zvavo. Pakazosvika nguva yokuberekwa gamba redu ake vasina (tarisa pachako chokwadi ichi!) NdeaBaba, chokwadi, akapoteredzwa vatorwa pamusoro nyika yake uye mafungiro evanhu uyo kare vaiva ane yavatezvara anoverengeka zana maeka nyika uye hwemvura chigayo. It akakotama shure vakawanda vashandi.

Anoita zvose izvi anoyeuchidza muverengi chimwe upenyu vasimi, ivo Boers mu South Africa, uko chete panzvimbo matema Kaffirs swarthy Ukrainians? Pano iri mhepo uye akaumba unhu duku Levy Bronshteyna. No shamwari, vezera kana richizvitenda vakomana 'mitambo uye pranks, mumwe Kuchifinha Bourgeois kumba uye mutarire pamusoro vashandi Ukrainian. Hazvina kubva pamidzi yake uduku ichikura pfungwa yokuzvikwidziridza pamusoro vamwe, inova huru katsika Trotsky.

Uye kuti muve vakakodzera mubatsiri baba vake, asi, sezvinei, mai vake nokuva muduku mukadzi akadzidza (kubva Odessa pashure zvose), nguva vainzwa kuti mwanakomana wake aikwanisa anopfuura nokuita vanoparadza murimi mudiki basa, uye akaramba kuti akanga atumwa kudzidza mu Odessa (kurarama pamba hama). Below unogona kuona kuti mwana akanga Leon Trotsky (mufananidzo akaratidzwa).

gamba anotanga kuratidza unhu (1888-1895 biennium).

In Odessa, gamba redu akanyoresa waishandiswa chikoro pamusoro kota kuti dzinounzwa vana vaJudha. ipapo Odessa raiva siyana chengarava guta rine bishi nemheremhere, akasiyana zvikuru kubva hwokufananidzira Russian uye Ukrainian maguta nguva. The Serial mafirimu Sergeya Kolosova "Split" (tinoratidza kunoirinda munhu aifarira munhoroondo yeRussian Revolution), pane chiitiko apo Lenin muna 1902 muLondon asangana akatiza yake muutapwa pakutanga Trotsky uye kuziva pfungwa kuti wakaita guta guru UK. Anoti kuti zvakawanda pazvidhindo pane yakabereka Odessa pashure kutamira kubvira kumaruwa backwater, hazvitomboiti kuona.

Leo anoudzwa yakaisvonaka, makore ose mumutsetse nokuva mudzidzi wokutanga pamusoro kosi. Mune netsamba vakararama panguva, agozviratidza zvikuru chinzvimbo murume, muchirwa nokuti ukuru kumativi chinosiyanisa kubva nevamwe vadzidzi. By akura Leo anotendeukira kuva jaya anokwezva, uyo pamberi vabereki vakapfuma zvose masuo muupenyu hwako hunofanira kuva rakashama. Sezvo Leon Trotsky akararama (mufananidzo pake nguva yokudzidza inopiwa pazasi)?

rudo rokutanga

Trotsky akanga achironga kudzidza paYunivhesiti Novorossiysk. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akatamisirwako kuna Nikolayev, apo akapedza wokupedzisira nzira kuchikoro yechipiri. Aiva nemakore 17 okuberekwa, uye akanga asina kunyange nezvazvo chero echimurenga basa. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa vanakomana muridzi mupanda vaiva Socialist, ivo dzigadzire mudzidzi kusekondari mudenderedzwa yake, iyo inotaura siyana echimurenga mabhuku - kubva populist kusvika Marxist. Pakati nhengo denderedzwa rakanga uye A. Sokolovskaya, achangobva kudzidza kubva kusununguka makosi muna Odessa. Sezvo Trotsky anopfuura matanhatu nemakore, iye akaita zvinhu zvisingafi zvakamuorora. Achida kushamisira zivo chinhu chake chido, Leo zvikuru kuita kudzidza echimurenga dzidziso. It akabatanidzwa nzira pamusoro pake: kutanga nguva, akanga asina kubvisa zvinhu izvi basa.

Revolutionary basa uye kusungwa (1896-1900 biennium).

Zviripachena, jaya chinzvimbo akangoerekana akaziva - nokuti zvakafanana, chinhu icho iwe unogona kupira upenyu hwako kuti anogona kuunza rukudzo kuchochora. Pamwe chete Sokolovskaya, Trotsky mukusanzwisisa echimurenga basa, kudhinda mapepa, anotungamirira Social Democratic kokutambudzika pakati vashandi Nikolaev shipyards, akaronga "Vashandi Russian South 'Union.

Muna January 1898, vanopfuura 200 nhengo pamwe, kusanganisira Trotsky, vakasungwa. Akapedza makore maviri mujeri vachimirira kutongwa - kutanga Nikolaev, ipapo mu Kherson, Odessa uye ipapo muMoscow. The Butyrka mutirongo , akasvika kuonana nevamwe kuipandukira. Ikoko akatanga anzwa Lenin uye verenga rake rinonzi "The Development kuti Capitalism muRussia", zvishoma nezvishoma kuva Marxist chaiye. Mwedzi miviri pashure pokuiswa mujeri (1-3 March 1898), rokutanga rekuUnited Congress of Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP). Sezvo Trotsky kunorondedzerwa pacharo senhengo.

wanano yokutanga

Aleksandra Sokolovskaya (1872-1938 gg.) Kwenguva yakati vasati vaendeswa kuutapwa paakanga akasungwa ari chete Butyrskaya mujeri muMoscow, apo akanga panguva iyoyo uye Trotsky. Akanyora naye tsamba kudanana, achikumbira kuti kubvumirana kuroorwa naye. Tellingly, vabereki vake uye mujeri kutarisira vakatsigira kuchitsigira anoda, asi vaviri ava zvakasimba vaishora Bronstein - vakanzwa sokuti kuti vaizofanira kurera vana vavo sezvo vasingavimbiki (mu hwemazuva mupfungwa) vabereki. Kusiyana baba vake namai, Trotsky achiri anoroora Sokolov. The wekuwana chaiitirwa muprista wechiJudha.

Siberian vakatapwa rokutanga (1900-1902 biennium).

Muna 1900 akatongerwa makore mana nhapwa muna Irkutsk mudunhu kweSiberia. Nokuda kumuchato, Trotsky uye wake vanobvumirwa kugara panzvimbo imwe. Nokudaro, vaviri akanga vakatapwa kumusha Ust-Kut. Pano vakanga vakunda vaviri: (. 1901-1933 gg) Zinaida uye Nina (. 1902-1928 gg).

Zvisinei, kuti tirambe kutoshanda hunhu, sezvo Lev Davidovich, parutivi pake Sokolov akakundikana. Akahwina mumwe notoriety wakakodzera kunyorwa bhuku nyaya uye uchinetswa nyota chiito, Trotsky anopa mudzimai wake azive kuti haagoni kugara kure nzvimbo upenyu enyika. Sokolovskaya nounyoro anobvumirana. Muzhizha 1902 Leo anomhanya kubva kuSiberia - kutanga musi yakavigwa pasi uswa ngoro kuna Irkutsk, ipapo aine ndokugadzira pasipoti muzita Lva Trotskogo rails kusvikira kumuganhu Russian Empire. Alexander akazotaura atiza kuSiberia navanasikana vake.

Leon Trotsky uye Lenin

Pashure kupukunyuka kuSiberia, akatamira kuLondon kubatana Plekhanov, Vladimir Lenin, Martov nevamwe Vapepeti Lenin kuti pepanhau "Iskra". Pasi rekunyepedzera kuti "Pen" Trotsky nokukurumidza akava mumwe yokutungamirira vanyori ayo.

Panopera 1902, Trotsky akasangana Nataley Ivanovnoy Sedovoy, uyo nokukurumidza akava shamwari yake, uye kubvira 1903 kusvikira parufu rwake - mukadzi wake. Vaiva 2 vana: (. 1906-1938 gg) Lva Sedova uye Sergei Sedov (March 21, 1908 - October 29, 1937), vose vana vakafa vabereki vavo vasati.

Panguva iyoyowo, pashure nguva mapurisa epachivande udzvanyiriri uye munyika kuvhiringidzika kuti akatevera Congress of RSDLP yokutanga muna 1898, ari "chinopa" akakwanisa sheedzera iri 2nd guruundano muLondon muna August 1903. Trotsky nevamwe Iskra-ists vakatora chikamu mairi.

Congress Nhume vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri. Lenin vake Bolsheviks akadana duku, asi zvikuru yakarongwa nebato, uye Martov vake nevatsigiri-kuti Mensheviks akatsvaka kuumba sangano hombe uye zvishoma anozvibata. Nzira idzi dzinoratidza kusiyana zvinangwa zvavo. Kana Lenin aida kusika kupati pakati kuipandukira nyanzvi nokuti pevhu hondo kuzorwa autocracy, ipapo Martov aida veboka European mhando ane ziso kuti nzira hondo kuzorwa tsarist hurumende dzeparamende.

Panguva iyoyowo neshamwari dzapedyo Lenin kwakaita kunge vaizoshamiswa. Trotsky uye vapepeti vakawanda "Sparks" chakatsigirwa Martov uye Mensheviks apo Plekhanov - Lenin uye Bolsheviks. For Lenin, Trotsky Chirangano ukasimba uye chisingatarisirwi akundwa chii akatumidza wokupedzisira Judhasi sokuti haana akavakanganwira.

Panguva 1903-1904 biennium. nhengo dzakawanda Mapato vakatamira kune rimwe divi. Saka, Plekhanov nokukurumidza vakaparadzana nevanhu Bolsheviks. Trotsky zvakare akasiya Mensheviks muna September 1904 uye kunyange aizviti munhu "asiri factional munzanga democrat" kusvikira 1917, vachiedza kuwiriranisa mapoka akasiyana-siyana mubato, zvokuti vaiitawo musazonetsanazve vakawanda Lenin uye nevamwe vakakurumbira nhengo RSDLP.

Sei pachako kuna Lenin Lev Trotsky kubatwa? Quotes kubva tsamba yake Menshevik Chkheidze zvikuru pachena maitiro ukama hwavo. Saka, muna March 1913, iye akanyora kuti: "Lenin ... imwe nyanzvi exploiter wose backwardness ari vashandi Russian 'kufamba ... chivakwa yose Leninism iri parizvino kuvakwa pamusoro nhema uye falsification uye maperekadzi chepfu kutanga kuora wake ..."

Gare gare, munguva kutamburira simba, achayeuka hesitations ake ose pamusoro mukuru weboka webato, akapiwa Lenin. Below unogona kuona zvakanga Trotskiy Lev Davidovich (photo by Lenin).

Revolution (1905)

Saka, zvose kuti isu kuziva unhu gamba redu achiri asina chaizvo kumeso inorondedzera. chaiko uye journalistic tarenda rake undoubted inoputswa kunorwadza vavariro, posturing, udyire (rangarira A. Sokolowski akasiya kuSiberia pamwe nevanasikana vaduku vaviri). Zvisinei, munguva Russian chimurenga chekutanga, Trotsky pakarepo kunooneka pacharo nenzira itsva nenzira - somunhu akashinga kwazvo murume, ane anoziva, anokwanisa vesa vakawanda vavo penya murongi. Pandakangosvika May 1905 mune Vachiita echimurenga St. Petersburg, pakarepo nenhokwe munzvimbo makobvu zvinhu, inova kushingaira nhengo Petrograd Soviet, akanyora akawanda nyaya, mapepa, anomira pamberi echimurenga simba yakafadza vanhu vazhinji vane dzomoto kutaura. Pashure pechinguvana aiva mutevedzeri sachigaro Council, riri achishingaira kubatanidzwa kwegadziriro October zvavo zvematongerwe ranwa. Mushure pakuonekwa chamber wacho Manifesto yaOctober 17, uyo akapa vanhu kodzero enyika, zvakasimba vanoipikisa, anoshevedza kuenderera chimurenga.

Kana magondo harashari namapurisa vakasunga Hrustaleva-Nosara Landau pamire panzvimbo yayo, kugadzirira kurwa vashandi 'mapoka, kushanda simba remangwana reuto kumukira autocracy. Asi pakutanga December 1905 hurumende yakasarudza yokubudisa Council uye asungwa vevatariri ake. Zvachose nyaya zvinoshamisa kunoitika munguva kusungwa apo mapurisa dzikapinda Petrograd mudare Soviet, uye aitungamirira Trotsky muchaungudza simba zvaanoda uye nokunyengetedza kurongedza kure navo kwekanguva kunze pamukova, vachibvumira vateereri kugadzirira: kuparadza imwe ngozi magwaro avo, ndeyokubvisa zvombo. Asi kusungwa havana kutora nzvimbo, uye Trotsky ndiyo rwechipiri mujeri wokuRussia, nguva ino St. Petersburg "michinjikwa".

kupunyuka yechipiri kuSiberia

Biography Lva Davidovicha Trotskogo akazara nezviitiko yakajeka. Asi basa redu harisi kune zvakawanda mharidzo yacho. Isu chete isu mishoma rakajeka Zvikamu, iyo zvakajeka zvikuru vanoratidza unhu gamba redu. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakaitika kare, chokuita yechipiri panotaurwa Trotsky kuSiberia.

nguva ino, pashure pegore mujeri (kunyange zvikuru akanaka ezvinhu, kusanganisira kuwana chero mabhuku uye nhau) Lev Davidovich akatongerwa muutapwa kusingaperi kweArctic, muna Obdorsk dunhu (zvino Salekhard). Asati abva, apa kuda vachimuoneka tsamba nemashoko: "Tiri kusiya ane kutenda kwakasimba muna nokukurumidza kukunda vanhu pamusoro pavavengi vake vekare. ngaararame proletariat! Ngaararame yemarudzi gutsaruzhinji! "

It anoenda pasina vachiti kuti akanga asina kugadzirira makore kugara kweArctic achinaya mvura, munyika dzimwe squalid pekugara uye kutarisira ruponeso chimurenga. Uyezve, kworudzii chimurenga aigona kutaura, kana iwe havabatanidzwi mairi pachake?

Naizvozvo, nzira bedzi yokubuda kwaari raiva pakarepo kutiza. Kana mudungwe wemabhazi vasungwa yakasvika Birch (kuzivikanwa muRussia nzvimbo nhapwa, apo akapedza kwoupenyu hwake, aimbova Serene nokukwirira Prince Alexander Menshikov), iyo yaiva nzira kuchamhembe, Trotsky vakanyepedzera kurwisa rikwanise Sciatica. Akava nechokwadi chokuti akanga asara ane mbiri magondo harashari namapurisa muna Berezovo kuti apore. Akanyengerwa Kusvinurira, anotiza achibuda muguta uye kuenda pedyo ugari Khanty. Pane zvimwe incredible nzira mibairo uye poro pamusoro nesinou achinaya mvura (the chiito kunoitika muna January 1907), anenge chiuru makiromita anoenda Mountains Ural, achiperekedzwa kondakita-Hunt. Uye kuwana kuti European chikamu Russia, Trotsky michinjikwa nyore nayo (usakanganwa kuti 1907 ndiro gore, zvakadai sezvazviri, hurumende yakasungirirwa muhuro, "Stolypin Tai dzakarambidzwa") uye ari Finland, apo akatamira kuEurope.

Zvinonzi ngozi vapedza nayo, saka kutaura, uchinzvera, kunyange njodzi aakataura pachena pachake, waiona yakakwirira. Zviri nyore kubaya banga kana stun uye kukanda ari chando kuti -oma akachiva kuti Zvakasara mari kuti vaimbova naye. Uye kwaizova umhondi Lva Trotskogo haana muna 1940, asi makumi matatu apfuura. Zvingadai zvisina kuitika kana asina nakisisa kuwedzera makore pokuchinja, kana zvose vakatevera. Zvisinei, nhoroondo nokutapwa Lev Davidovich akasarudza kudaro - sezvinei kwaari, asi nhamo-kutambura Russia, uye nyika yake, hapana zvishoma.

The wokupedzisira chakaitwa mumutambo upenyu

Muna August 1940, nyika yakanga kuparadzira nhau kuti Leon Trotsky chigaro kuMexico, kwaaigara makore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake. Kana kwaiva chiitiko nyika dzakawanda? Hazvina chokwadi. Kwerinenge gore, sezvo vakakundwa Poland uye mwedzi miviri papfuura kubva kuwa France. Somurazvo womoto yokurwa, China uye Indochina. Feverishly kugadzirira hondo USSR.

Saka, kunze vatsigiri shoma pakati nhengo Rechina International yakavambwa Trotsky uye vakawanda vavengi, nezviremera Soviet uye anopera ruzhinji enyika munyika, rufu vanhu vashoma akatsinhira. Pepanhau "Pravda" akaisa kuzviuraya kugutsikana obituary yakanyorwa Stalin pachake uye akazadzwa noruvengo vavengi akaurayiwa.

Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti Trotsky akaedza kuuraya kakawanda. Pakati zvinogona nemhondi wakatarwa kunyange mukuru Mexican Artist Siqueiros, uyo aimbotaurawo kurwisa Trotsky kuti Villa kuMexico neboka vakirisito vaKomonisiti uye pachedu asunungurwa chinhu mubhedha Lva Davidovicha pfuti moto, asingazivi kuti ari akavanda pasi payo. Ipapo bara akapfuura.

Asi chii akauraya Lva Trotskogo? Chinonyanya chinoshamisa ndechokuti mudziyo uyu akanga asiri umhondi chombo - dzihwa kana vapfurwa, uye zvatinosiita ice-demo, duku Sarudza, inoshandiswa makomo kana achikwira. Uye ini kuuita mumaoko NKVD mumiririri Ramon Merkador, jaya uyo aiva namai vainzi chinoshingaira ubatanidzwe Spanish Civil War. Kuva munhu vakirisito Communist, iye akapomera kukundwa vari Spanish zvokuvhoterwa vatsigiri Trotsky, kunyange zvazvo munyaya yehondo iri kurutivi Republican vehondo, asi uyo, akaramba kuita maererano nomutemo, akaisa muMoscow. Chivimbo ichi muruoko mwanakomana wake, uyo akazova nhumbi nokuponda wechokwadi.