Bestuzhev-vazoedemz: Biography uye pikicha

Bestuzhev-vazoedemz ndomumwe dzepamusorosoro vamiririri Romantic kufamba mumabhuku yeSoviet. enganonyorwa ake, nhetembo, uye nyaya dzinonetsa vakanga dzakakurumbira chaizvo panguva imwe nguva, uye mumwe nomumwe goho basa rake rakanga chakaitika mabhuku muupenyu munyika yedu. It inonziwo nhengo Decembrist yemuna uye sezvo shamwari Pushkin.

Zvimwe zvinhu muupenyu

Bestuzhev-vazoedemz, ane Biography Zvinofadza kwatiri, akaberekwa muna 1797 mu vanokudzwa mhuri imwe urombo asi vanokudzwa. baba vake akanga chokuita mabhuku, yakamborwa kutsikisa, mai vake vaibva pakati-kirasi ezvinhu. mwanakomana wavo akanga vakadzidzira Mining kadheti Corps, asi, kwete ndapedza rwendo, akapinda basa. Aiva mubatsiri ari kuzvidzora namagwatidziro nzira, ipapo wechi muchiuto. hondo yake yakanga vamire Peterhof mutaundi vazoedemz (musoro izvo zvadaro akatora emunyori rekunyepedzera). Panguva ino, kutanga kwake mabhuku basa.

mabasa ekutanga

Bestuzhev-vazoedemz aiva muteveri Romantic kufamba, vane zvinhu akaonekwa mangwanani mabasa ake, "muRoma uye Olga", "vanotozvifarira mutambo" uye vamwe. Iye aishanda pamwe chete vaikudzwa magazini yacho nguva, uye gare gare, pamwe nevamwe vadetembi Ryleev rinobudisa pachake Anthology rinoti kwayo "Polar Star", apo mapeji kuposita nyaya dzinonetsa Rakakwanira kufungisisa pamusoro mabhuku akararama uye mabasa kare. pfungwa dzake uye pfungwa pose wakatsamwisa yainakidza gakava mumabhuku yeChina, sezvo mumakore achangobva vaiva vaikurukura chii mirayiridzo zvinofanira kuva mumhuri nhetembo uye prose.

mabhuku maonero

Bestuzhev-vazoedemz akapikisa zvakasimba classicism, nharo kuti ichi Muitiro yatova kubva musi. Panguva iyoyowo, akadana kufarirwa kuti romanticism mune mabhuku. Munyori aiva kukuchidzira kuti vadetembi akadai Shakespeare, Schiller, uye zvikurukuru, Byron. Akataura kuti zvinotaurwa kusimuka nevanyori izvi, vanofanira kuva hwaro kukura mabhuku National. Mudetembi pachake dzakada chinoreva vanhu vane simba, zvinoshamisa vatambi, pamwe simba kuchiva, inondimukira pachisikirwo. Mumakore iwayo, raiva shoko idzva mumabhuku uye kushorwa chaizvo. Anozivikanwa publicist, Belinsky chaizvo zvikuru pamusoro nyaya ndeaani.

Kuitawo Decembrist kufamba

Bestuzhev-vazoedemz vakapinda "Free Society Vadi Russian Literature", apo aiva dzose nhengo. Panguva iyoyowo, aiva nhengo Decembrists kwenzanga uye kunyange akatora mugove zvakaitika musi weSeneti Square. Iye akatungamirira mauto Moscow chemazana chehondo, asi pashure pokukundwa kutaura nokuzvidira mapfumo kuzviremera. Kuita sangano, akanga demoted uye akatongerwa makore makumi maviri 'rakaoma, wakachinjwa nhapwa kuSiberia. Akatumwa Yakutsk, apo akatanga kudzidza veko upenyu uye tsika. Zvadaro, kwakavakirwa ake zvakawanika, akanyora nyaya nezvoupenyu munharaunda iyi.

kuCaucasus

Alexander Bestuzhev-vazoedemz imwe nguva gare gare akanga hwakatamisirwa muchiuto tiine ukuru. Akaenda kushumira kuCaucasus, apo aiitawo hondo pamwe makomo, kuratidza ushingi uye asatye, yaakanga paakavapa. Iyi nguva inokosha munhoroondo basa rake chokuti akanga pano kuti akasika mabasa ake dzakakurumbira.

Created Bestuzhev- Marlinsky kutungamirira, zvava chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo mudzimba mabhuku Romantic kumwedzi. Chinonyanya unoshamisa zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira "refutenendi Belozor", "Ammalat Ndinokumbira" uye vamwe. peculiarity wavo kuti vakauya munyori wose itsva mhando gamba: munhu anoshamisa, nemanzwiro akasimba uye nevakwegura, unhu. vatambi ake kutakura rupawo pane Byronic romanticism. Nenzira iyi zvinokwezva uye vomunguva, saka kuti mumwe yokufungidzira itsva munyori kutarisira. Bestuzhev akaurayiwa muna 1837 pakurwa, muviri wake wakanga kumbobvira kuwanikwa.

nyaya

Bestuzhev-vazoedemz, nyaya pfupi ane kugutsikana iri pachena rupawo pane romanticism, hanya wavhomorwa kuti mufananidzo unhu simba uye zvinoshamisa adventures. Muenzaniso yokufungidzira wake, "Neuhaus Castle," riri vakazvipira kuna kurondedzera ushamwari pakati pavavengi vaviri knight pamusoro Novgorod uye wezana uyo, patakanga tiri vavengi muhondo, achiri akaremekedza mumwe. nzira iyi yaiva kazhinji yo uchidanana mabasa. In tsananguro basa iri rakanga filmed muSoviet nguva, zvichireva kuti mabasa emunyori vachiri dzakakurumbira.

Ushamwari Pushkin

Okugadzira zvinhu Bestuzhev-vazoedemz vanofanira munyaya akapoteredza yaitonga apo pesvedzero huru yakanga zvinogona Romanticism kuparidzira kunyika yedu kubva kunyika dzokuMadokero dzokuEurope. On hwaro ichi, munyori vakava shamwari Pushkin, uyo mukutanga nguva basa rake akabhadharawo mutero nharaunda iyi. Ndokusaka munyori nokuzvidira rakabudiswa kudanana nhetembo Alexander vari almanac ake, uyewo zvikamu zvemashoko nhetembo yake "musungwa Caucasus", "vechiGypsy". The wokupedzisira chigadzirwa Bestuzhev aikoshesa kunyanya zvikuru. Nokukurumidza, zvisinei, Pushkin akatanga kusika zvinhu sezvazviri chigadzirwa rinonangana zvinodiwa madenderedzwa vakadzidza, uye kuverengwa. Bestuzhev akagara adherent kuti romanticism. Kunyange zvakadaro, vose mudetembi kuramba noushamwari. Vaigara vakatsinhanisa tsamba. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Pushkin kwaikosheswa chaizvo aikoshesa vazoedemz nyaya, vamwe vavo kunyange akanga ane mumwe simba (somuenzaniso, nyaya "Blizzard").

ukoshi kusikwa

Mabasa Bestuzhev akanga ane simba guru mabhuku ano. Panguva ino, kwave kune achichinja kubva classicism kusvikira romanticism. Naizvozvo, madenderedzwa yakadzidza nguva vakaratidza kufarira zvechokwadi pabasa rake. Maererano vaairarama, nyaya vazoedemz akazarura Danho idzva iri kukura mabhuku enyika. Asi nokukurumidza isu akatanga kusiya mabasa chaizvoizvo hunhu. Ndizvo, pakutanga kwezvose, nyaya Pushkin uye Gogol, vakasiya romanticism uye vakatamira sezvazviri waJudas upenyu.

mabasa avo Kunoonekwa mumwe muitiro mutsva prose, apo vanyori vakatanga kutsanangura upenyu sezvazvakaita. Tikafunga mabasa aya Bestuzhev-vazoedemz mabasa vakarasika uye papera nguva yave kukanganwika. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa rake rava chiitiko kunooneka mune mabhuku Russian. basa rake chakabata Lermontov (pamusoro yokufungidzira "A Hero Chenguva Yedu", uye kunyanya mumutambo ari munyori).