The injini upenyu, kana nokugadzirwa the Chinese

Munyika yanhasi vanhu kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakawanda serinokosha kwete Kuteerera apo uye uyo vakanga vakaita. XXI remakore kunoratidzwa pamberi akanaka ezvinhu kuti pave mabasa uye pekugara, asi kwete vose vanoziva kuti XX - XXI remakore vakapfuma pamberi siyana zvigadzirwa. Chokwadi, kwemazana emakore akawanda, vanhu vave zvakawanwa siyana uye kubudirira, vakanga injini woupenyu, asi hapana tsika yakakurumbira vazhinji saka zvakagadzirwa, sezvo tsika China. Vakawanda vanoshamisika kuti yagadzirwa mu China? Below isu funga muudzame nokugadzirwa the Chinese.

Dzhozef Nidem, ari nyanzvi Chinese tsika muzvinyorwa ake anoti akadaro makuru Chinese zvigadzirwa, zvakadai semapepa, gunpowder, chinongedzo uye wokudhinda.

Wokutanga chaizvo, uye chinokosha, mukuru kuwana yose nyika yakanga nokugadzirwa mapepa mu China. Renhoroondo dzamadzimambo nyika zvinoratidza kuti bepa akanga afunga cai Moon mugore 105. Mabikirwo kugadzirwa yavo nyore - the omuti kuti kumuti womuonde, zvidimbu jira uye hemp akazadzwa nemvura uye akabika kusvikira kusvikira musanganiswa ikava pulp. Izvi pulp ostuzhivali uye triturated, uye ipapo yakavhenganiswa nemvura. The zvichiguma uremu raiiswa pamusoro pehuni pepuranga akafukidzwa yemishenjere uye jira uye kubvumirwa wopedza. Saka kuumbwa matete akaturikidzana pamusoro fibers iyo vari wokudhinda uye waoma. Saka akasimuka bepa pepa rine nenyama uye simba, uye Chikurukuru, suitability kuti kunyora.

Zvichitevera izvi zvakawanikwa, sezvo kugadzirwa pabepa, nokugadzirwa the Chinese mwero wakakwirira mberi, kukura kusvika kukura kubudiswa munyika. Kokutanga muna 650, yakanga dzakabudirira wokutanga anodhinda yokuenzanisira, iye raimiririra pachake Sutra, papepa yaigadzirwa hemp. Uye wokutanga bhuku rakadhindwa muna China anogona kunzi sezvo ari Diamond Sutra. The kuwanikwa ndohwaJehovha Chinese musayendisiti chenois Bi. Nokufamba kwenguva, unyanzvi kuti mukugadzira bhuku rokutanga mumipumburu kwakavandudzika, zvino atsiviwa murwi wemagazini machira. Gare gare, machira izvi hwakakungwa nepakati uye akasungirwa, saka bhuku raiva ano Kutarira. Zvishoma Papera, yakanga yakagadzirwa nomuzongoza bhuku, uye mashizha kutanga kusona neshinda.

Kufunga vamwe Chinese kuvamba, zvinokosha kuramba zvakawanikwa yakadaro, nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa gunpowder. Maererano Chinese nengano upfu yakavhurwa X remakore, apo paaisika masayendisiti muvhenganiswa kuwana kusafa. Zvisinei, havana tega musanganiswa ichi, chakanga kubvisa hwevanhu. Saka muna China akaonekwa gunpowder yaigadzirwa saltpeter, sarufa nemarasha. Pakutanga, yaishandiswa mafayawekisi uye hadzitani, gare gare zvishoma - apo ruvengo muna 1132. In hondo vaishandisa yemishenjere chubhu pamwe upfu mukati, izvo vakapisa uye nokudaro vakashandisa kukuvara vavengi. Papera rimwe remakore, pfuti yagadzirwa rinomiririra yemishenjere chubhu ine gunpowder uye mabara mukati.

In kuvamba ichi, Chinese usaregedza. More BC vakashandisa lodestone yokushopera, uye gare gare - nokuti kuzivikanwa munyika. Magnetic simbi mhangura tisava magnetized kana mheni urove saka magnetized chicherwa yakaonekwa, zvichiratidza rwokumusoro uye kurutivi chiedza. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvinogona kutaurwa chero. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva Chinese chakakandirwa zvakaumbwa hove simbi vara, pashure iyo akaiswa panzvimbo VAT remvura, uye nokudaro pane rinobva simba. Chishandiso ichi chakashandiswa kuona kumaodzanyemba.

Nechekare ari Chinese musayendisiti II remakore Shen Co. yakatanga tsono rinobva nekambasi, nani kwokutanga Chinese akazogadzira rinobva mudziyo.

Chinese - anoshamisa vanhu vakanga vakapa nyika zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza.