The Pope Innocent 3rd: Biography, ngano nzombe

Munyika , Pope Innocent 3 aimbonzi Lothario of Segni. Akaberekwa pedyo netaundi Anagni. Musi chaiwo wakazvarwa harizivikanwi papa. Izvi zvinogona 1160 kana 1161. baba vake Trazimono akabereka musoro Count, uye amai vake vaiva patrician eRoma genus. Lothario akanga dzaibatanidzwa ukama ukama nevamwe vaviri vanapapa. Clement III aiva sekuru vake, uye Gregory IX akasvika muzukuru wake.

youth

The ramangwana musoro Catholic Church Innocent 3 kubva muduku aikudzwa Intellectual unyanzvi hunoshamisa. Akadzidza mutemo Bologna uye dzidziso kuParis. A gore pashure kupondwa Thomas Becket Lothario akaenda parwendo kunonamata weCanterbury.

Muna 1190, Italian-makore 30 akava mufundisi. Celestine III, asi, akaramba iye kure ake ezvinhu. Naizvozvo, mano Cardinal vakatora mabhuku basa. bhuku rake "On the kuzvidza nyika, kana pamusoro yakawanda chisingakoshi kwevanhu," akatengesa zvinokosha zvakawanda. Lothario aida nhengo Curia. Muna 1198, ivo vakasanangurwa afa Celestine kwaari Pope mutsva, achitora zita Innocent III.

Papa uye Empire

Kubva pamazuva okutanga ari mutsva pachake sezvo Innocent nemhanza zvikuru. Nechekare kwenguva refu nguva kwebasa raPapa aipikisana paakaenda simba Mutsvene hweRoma. Muna 1197 namambo Henry VI akafa, uye hurumende yake yakazoona yanyura mumadhaka zvinorwisana maari Ghibelline uye Guelph. Germany uye zvose Kupinzwa Muhondo Yevagari Vomunyika. izvi zvose chete akasimbisa nzvimbo dziri inogarwa Innocent 3. Biography hwake achiri upenyu kwave chokuita zvakasiyana-siyana nyika dzokuEurope raakanga vakashanya nokuda kudzidza uye outorwa. Zvino sezvo mukuru Catholic Innocent aiva neVadzidzi madzimambo ose inoti izvi.

Kuoma Imperial simba akabvumira Pope vavezve kudzora yemisangano States, kuwedzera miganhu yayo kuGungwa reAdriatic pashure kubatana March Ancone, uye Spoleto. Apo Celestine Eternal City atambura kubva mhirizhonga nokuti mukurwisana revatongi mapoka. Innocent pachake akanga patrician rwaamai uye kushandisa kwakaita mhuri, akakwanisa kuyanana kuziva. Political kubudirira musoro Catholic Church muItaly vakanga korona yokuti akava regent ushe kweSisiri, riri kumaodzanyemba Peninsula. Nguva pfupi asati afa, regent ake Constance akabvunza papa kuti ave mutarisiri mwanakomana wake mucheche Frederick kusvikira pakatanga zera rake. 3 Innocent akabvuma.

Hondo chechina

Kwete rombo aiva Papa iri pakurwisana vaMuslim. Zvichitevera ayo vamutangira Innocent 3 vakaedza torazve Jerusarema kubva infidels uye izvi wakaropafadza Chechina Hondo. Muna 1198 chirevo wakabudiswa, maererano izvo sangano pakati pokurwa akanga akatasva yomutero 2.5% kubva zveminda dzechechi. Mari inounganidzwa kwemakore anoverengeka, asi vakanga vasati zvakakwana. Pasi urongwa, Hondo Tsvene vaifanira kuyambuka Gungwa reMediterranean kusvika Venetian ngarava. Zvisinei, wakati asvika ari vanotengesa zvokuvhoterwa, machinda uye Knights havana kukwanisa kubhadhara zvaidiwa uwandu pavo (84 zviuru sirivha mavanga).

Enterprising Doge pamusoro Venice, Enrico Dandolo akafunga Dzorudzidziso kumubatsira guta raiva Hungary Zara pamusoro reAdriatic. Mukutsinhana vatsigire vakwegura enyika vakavimbisa achiri kutakura mauto anoda kuenda kuParestina. Somugumisiro, Zara yakatorwa uye vakapamba. Kuwa guta mumoyo Christian Europe Akaperekedzwa zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye achiuraya zvavo.

Kudzidza pamusoro chiitiko, Pope Innocent 3 akatsamwa. Iye muchechi rese ose rwokuparidza. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi, zvakanga akapindira mune zvematongerwe enyika. rushambwa Universal zvaireva kokupedzisira nhimbe akundikana, izvo zvinogona achiri kuponeswa. Mukuwedzera, papa akanga asiri kuzongoita kupopotedzana pamwe feudal madzishe ose pamusoro Europe. Pashure pokunyatsoongorora zvose zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, kuti papa akadzima rushambwa, kutukwa kusiya chete initiators kurwisa musi Zara, Venetians.

Kuwa Constantinople

Zvisinei, zvakaipisisa, akanga achiri kuuya. The Dzorudzidziso akasimbisa kubatana pachigaro Byzantine pamambo Alexios, achivabvunza kuti amubatsire vawanezve chake choumambo. Mukutsinhana, kuti bidder akavimbisa kutsigira vaKaturike hondo dzavo kuzorwa VaMuslim vavabatsire uye mari. Iyewo akabvuma omurume echiGiriki Church of West. Aratidzwa akatendeuka crusader zvirongwa uye Venetians. Muna 1204, akabatwa uye vakapamba rimwe remaguta makurusa yeMiddle Ages, Constantinople. On mumatongo Byzantine Catholic Latin Empire, simba raiva vaFrank yakatangwa.

Pope Innocent 3 vakaedza kumisa feudal madzishe, akatumira Constantinople. Kudaro, akanga asina kubudirira. Uyezve, hapana Sangano machechi kumbobvira zvaitika. The aparadzane pakati pevaKaturike Orthodox kuita chete paupamhi. Zvisinei Innocent 3, pfupi Biography izvo muenzaniso papa ndirovedze kudzingana vakatsauka sizvo uye kwete kurasa chivimbo muna inofamba Dzorudzidziso kunyatsoshanda.

The pakurwisa nezvevanyengeri

Kare pakutanga XI remakore paiva vebato Albigenses vechiKristu (mu sayenzi yemazuva vakadaidzwa Cathars) munyika French mupurovhinzi Languedoc. Ivo akaramba sakaramende Chechi, mifananidzo matsvene uye vatsvene pachavo. Vakawanda Cathars kusimbiswa kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kweFrance. Vakanga achibatsirwa nevamwe mirairo chechi vasingagutsikani kuti nevatariri veko vapfumi vairemekedzwa.

Paakakwira kuna papa choushe, Innocent yakatarwa pamusoro zvachose vakaramba kutenda. Zviri kuziva kuti kuti kutanga, akatuma negotiators kuti vanyengeri, pakati pavo vaiva St. Dominic uye Abbot nesefa. Muna 1209 kuedza munhu nedzenyu mhinduro kwakakundikana, uye papa akazivisa pakuparurwa rimwe kushingirira itsva, urwo rwakatora pakupedzisira chero makore makumi maviri.

Legend of Franciscans

Muna 1209 kwete chete atanga kushingirira pamusoro Albigenses, asiwo mendicant wekutanga mukuru akasikwa ari Franciscans. Nhoroondo parinowanika raiva hwaro chakakurumbira Ages ngano. Muparidzi Frantsisk Assizsky vakaunzwa muRoma vateveri vake, achida kuwana kubva Papa mvumo kuumba idzva rechitendero hurongwa. Uyu murume haana kana vavanozivana okumusoro echelons dzeChechi. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda pakati murombo uye pachake aikwanisa akamubatsira agutsikane mabhishopi Catholic kuronga musangano pamwe papa mufambi.

Maererano nengano, Innocent 3 Franciscans hwakagadzwa chete mushure hope umo St. Francis maoko ake akabata Lateran Basilica. Vasati kuti, iye anosaina kunyumwa muparidzi zvisingazivikanwi vaifamba uyo muItaly panguva iyoyo paiva zvakawanda. Vakawanda vavo havana wakasiyana benzi uye ezvitendero.

Francis haana kufanana navamwe vanamesiya venhema kuti vanoparidza austerity, kuda muvakidzani uye kuda urombo. Vateveri vake pakuzivikanwa se "hama diki". 3 Innocent akasimbisa Franciscan murayiro chete pashure nechokwadi ake kunetseka nokuda rakavanzika hope. Zvisinei, kana chiratidzo chakanga, zvikazooneka kuti rouprofita. Order rwakakurumidza dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Achishandisa patronage yeRoma Church, iye nguva kwakawedzera nhengo dzaro. Makore gumi chete pashure atova vanhu 3000, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva yakawanda mufananidzo.

Dominican uye Teutonic Order

Muitiro kurutivi chidzoke uye kuwedzera zvirevo zvitsva Catholic apo Innocent oga Franciscans hakugumiri. Nokufamba kwenguva yake muToulouse maiva nenzanga St. Dominic. Yakava hwaro mumwe murayiro. Innocent vasina nguva chokukomborera ake zvisikwa nokuda kwake kufirwa. Asi, 1216 akaita akatsiva Honorius III. Dominican Order akanga yedzidzo - mamongi ake vaiita zvidzidzo zvechitendero muna dzemamongi namaguta yunivhesiti muEurope.

Muna 1199 Innocent akapa nzombe, izvo akapa kuzvionera mumwe munharaunda vanotsigira vechinamato muPalestine. Ndipo pakutanga Teutonic Order, akazotamira kuBaltic, apo Knights ake vakarwa pamwe nevahedheni, Russian pakati yakazvimirira weutungamiriri. Sangano omurume kwete chete musoro wekereke, asi Imperial simba.

Teutonic Order uye Pope Innocent 3 collaborated kwemakore akawanda. Papa sevasingafungi Valpotu Henry - wokutanga Grand Tenzi munharaunda. Muna 1215 Innocent akatanga nzira kushingirira pamusoro Prussians. Driving simba mushandirapamwe chaiwo Teutonic Order. Gwaro Eastern of Innocent hakungoitwi pakurwisana kuvahedheni. Kare muna 1204, iye zvinganaka Volyn muchinda Roman Mstislavovich kugamuchira yeRoma uye akapiwa zita Mambo Galicia. Nhaurirano idzi kwakaguma chinhu, nokuti Rurik aisada kuchinja kutenda kwavo.

Bull Venerabilem

Zvinokosha kuti munguva yayo papa Anonetsa Innokentiya 3 diplomatically yakatsanangura vakararama Mutsvene See nezvetsika anokosha ezvitendero uye dzezvematongerwo enyika. The yakakurumbira Gwaro zvokuti papa akanga Venerabilem, rakabudiswa muna 1202. Bull rine abstracts umo musoro wekereke iri chinyorwa akatsanangura maonero aaiita wavarindi simba.

In Venerabilem Innocent akasimbisa kodzero machinda German kuti vasanangurwa mambo. In Hutsvene hweRoma, ndiye akava mambo. Panguva iyoyo kuzodza uye korona iye kugona chete baba. Kana akasarangarira kukodzera kubhabhatidzwa nokuti zita mambo, machinda vaifanira vasanangurwa mumwe munhu. Innocent akatsanangura ropafadzo yake kuti Chechi agara vaida rokunyika anorichengeta uye mudziviriri. In zvinoitirwawo kukundikana machinda kuti vasanangurwa chakakodzera mumiriri papa wachengeta kodzero yokuziva kutsoropodza mambo mutsva. Nokukurumidza aifanira kushandisa masimba aya.

castling madzimambo

Bull Venerabilem akamutevera Danho iri hondo rokunyika uye Ecclesiastical simba Western Europe. Innocent vakatsvaka kumisa kukura simba remadzimambo, kusanganisira vachinamatira zvavo zveushe kweSisiri. Vakazonyepa chigaro muduku Frederick II, asi akanga asingagoni kutora chigaro sezvo mwana. Zvichakadaro, hafu machinda German vaida kuva mambo Firipi Swabia, uye imwe hafu ikatevera Ottona Braunshveygskogo. Pamusoro candidacy okupedzisira akamira uye Innocent 3. Pope akazodza mambo Otto muna 1209.

Zvisinei, agamuchira simba, mambo mutsva vakaramba kuteerera zvematongerwe Pope wacho. Akatanga kudzorera simba yaro Imperial arambidzwa kuti kuItari uye Sisiri. Zvadaro Innocent muchechi Otto kubva mukereke. Muna 1212, papa akavimbisa paakaenda chiremera akura-Frederick (akazova Emperor mumakore masere, pashure pokufa anorichengeta kwake uye muchengeti).

Otto zvakare akarasikirwa ake monarchical pesvedzero pashure muna 1214 vakakundwa panguva Hondo Bouvines, apo akakunda Mambo French Kuvshinov Ii Avgust. Mwedzi mishomanana gare gare, iye akasiya musoro mambo. Dzarasika kutsigira Electors, uye papa Otto IV akafa nokuda nemanyoka akamurova muna 1218. In zvose izvi kurwisa enyika kuti akaparadza Europe pakutanga ari XIII remakore, pane hunhu pachena Pope Innocent 3. Munguva yake kwebasa raPapa Institute asvika nhamba simba rayo pamusoro Panyanzvi madzimambo ose Old World.

Vachinetsana John Landless

Zvakandiomera panguva ino vaiva noukama Mutsvene Ona pamwe England. Muna 1207, Innocent akagadza Stefana Lengtona idzva weCanterbury. Chirungu Korol Ioann England vakaramba kubvuma chidzoyi reRoma. Nokuti ichi musoro Catholic nyika yapa pamusoro nyika pachirevo, nekudzivisa varangana kuchechi mariri. Achipindura, Johani akarondedzera zvose chechi pfuma muEngland, saka akawana Zvaifadza mari makirogiramu 100 zviuru. Zvaiita kuti anopesana simba pakunamata akaenda chete zvinobatsira.

Sezvo muzvinambiri Innocent 3, maererano hope dzaakanga asarudza dzinobvumira nheyo Franciscan Order, asi mune chaiyo zvematongerwo enyika papa akatungamirirwa dzavo sarudzo zvikuru vavariro zvikonzero. Kuona mukuoma ari Chirungu namambo, Papa muchechi naye. Mabhishopi British nokuzvidira vakaenda kuutapwa.

The kunetsana kwakatora kwemakore akawanda. Pakupedzisira, muna 1213, Akarwawo zvavo feudal madzishe John akareurura kuti Innocent. Pashure paizvozvo, Baba vakatanga kudzivirira mambo. Vakarambidza namambo French Philip II Augustus England kuzivisa hondo pamusoro kutaura kuna Normandy. Uyezve, Pope Innocent 3, ane Biography aishamwaridzana yakare kunonamata weCanterbury, Chechi muchechi yacho NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi vaiedza kuramba hurumende akasaina "Magna Carta" Ioanna Bezzemelnogo.

Wechina Lateran uye rufu

Mugumo wacho pontificate pakati Innocent III aiva Rechina Lateran Council. It yakavhurwa November 1215. Pamusangano raikosha chiitiko akauya 400 archbishops nemabhishopu, uyewo vanoverengeka yemadzitateguru of Eastern Churches. Panguva iyoyo vasipo rechiGiriki vakuru. Kunyange pashure pemakore gumi nerimwe kubva chinovhundusa zvaibiwa kwakaenderera Constantinople vaitya Byzantines chero pamwe nevaKaturike.

The Church yave ichibudiswa anopfuura makumi manomwe canons pakubata siyana panyaya chokuita noupenyu hwechitendero. Somuenzaniso, iye akarambidza vaKristu kuti hwezvokutengeserana ukama nevaJudha. Kusarura vaJudha aiva chepfungwa yaitonga, uye Innocent uye boka racho vake vakanga vanhu vakakwira nguva yavo.

Pope akasiya kwete chete Mutongo Lateran Cathedral uye Bull, asiwo zviuru zvetsamba. Vakawanda vavo vakanga vakazvipira nhau mutemo: sezvo chikazozikamwa, ari papa aiva muenzaniso Ages gweta. The muunganidzwa tsamba yake chepakutanga ane iiswe University of Bologna.

Innocent 3 photos Ages mifananidzo inoratidza huchiri chaizvo jaya, akafa July 16, 1216 mu Perugia pazera makore 55. Mhaka mangwanani afa papa akatanga marariya. Innocent vakabatwa nechirwere chinouraya munzira kuchamhembe kweItaly, apo akatevera Lateran Council kuti kugarwa munyaya pakati Pisa uye kuGenoa. Papa aitarisira kubatsira chinoda zviviri idzva sangano iri Fifth Hondo. Akavigwa Perugia. Innocent zvisaririra zvaiendeswa kuRoma muna 1891.