Savva Mamontov: Biography, upenyu pachake, philanthropic mabasa, zvinonakidza zvinhu

Vaichengetedza ounyanzvi Savva Ivanovich Mamontov aibva mumhuri mushambadzi. Akaberekwa October 2, 1841 mu kuSiberia muguta Yalutorovsk. Paaiva nemakore 8 okuberekwa, iye nevabereki vake vakatamira Moscow. Baba Ivan aivhima tsitsi waini. Nomudzimai wake Mary vakanga vana vanomwe, kusanganisira vanasikana vaviri vakafira mangwanani. Ivan vakatamira kuMoscow pashure pokuva unoshambadzirana wokutanga chikwata, uye akatanga musoro zvose kunonyorwa upfumi province. Things mushambadzi akakwira mugomo, saka mhuri yaigara guru nzira. In Mamontov akanga was kuna Meshchanskaya Street neimba, iyo yaiitirwa soirees uye mabhora.

udiki

Kunyange zvazvo nemapoka nhengo mushambadzi kirasi, mirairo mumhuri akanga akasiyana chaizvo kubva chinyakare vemunzvimbo. Muupenyu mhuri iyi nzvimbo inokosha mabhuku, unyanzvi, theatre, mumhanzi. Ivan tsika tsika zvakawanda sezvinoita Chirungu ishe pane dzomutengesi. Chokwadi, nzira youpenyu mukuru simba kukanganisa zvido kuti atora Savva Mamontov. Biography philanthropist ingadai yakasiyana kana kwete zvakabikwa mhuri yake. Uyezve, dzidzo vakomana kuroora muperekedzi, kudzidza mumitauro yokumwe uye tsika European.

First Sawa akadzidza chaiye chikoro. Ipapo baba vake amutamisa kuna Institute of Civil Engineers Corps muSt Petersburg. Chisarudzo ichi chaiva muoni. Just ipapo kuchiteshi pakuvaka yakazokudziridzwa kuRussia. Engineering basa vakawanda vava nevakawanda zvikuru. Most mudzidzi, zvisinei, aida mutauro wokuGermany. Makore maviri gare gare, baba vake vakamutora kubva St. Petersburg nokuda denda nezvitsvuku nefivhiri.

youth

Pazera 19, Savva Mamontov Biography kuti kusiyanisa zhinji chisingatarisirwi majana, akapinda Metropolitan University, asi gare gare akatamisira kuMoscow, uko akasarudza rorusununguko Mutemo. Pasinei specialization ichi, chikuru nekuchiva jaya raiva yemitambo. Haana kurasikirwa chimwe ruzha kuratidzwa, uye zvayaitenderera paguyo muna Moscow intelligentsia. By Mamontov kunyange zvairatidzika chete amnestied ari Decembrists.

Ivan akaramba abudirire kuitisa basa. Iye wakange ana vanakomana akawanda, asi hapana havasi kufarira basa. Tarisiro vakanga wakarovererwa nayo kuna baba vake Sava. Muna 1862 akatuma mwanakomana wake Baku, apo akanga kuenda zvokutengeserana remabasa Kudyidzana yacho Transcaspian. Pashure pemwedzi mishomanana Savva Mamontov, ane Biography akaita mumwe kunzvenganzvenga, akava mukuru nechepakati Moscow kuhofisi sangano.

Muna 1864, muzvinabhizimisi akaenda Italy. Chokutanga, aida kuita pamwe utano hwavo, uye chepiri kuenda kutarisa sirika kutengeserana. Nokuti chinangwa ichi chave yakasarudzwa Lombardy. It vagara inozivikanwa kwayo nesirika kurukiswa bhizimisi uye sericulture. MuMilan, Savva Ivanovich Mamontov akasangana vemo kunozivikanwa yemitambo "La Scala" apo kuisa zvakanakisisa dhanzi kwenyika. Nomushambadzi yakanga zvinonyatsoda ounyanzvi mhando ichi, uye kunyange akatanga kutora mudzidzi nokuimba zvidzidzo.

upenyu Personal

Young Savva Mamontov, ane upenyu pachake kwakasimbiswa zvakanaka zvikuru, akasangana mudzimai wake weramangwana Elizabeth Sapozhnikova parwendo rwake rwokutanga wokuItaly. baba vomusikana akanga mutengesi esiriki akakurumbira, nekuti muchato chete akasimbisa Sava dzakakomba munzanga mhuri yake.

Ivan Elizabeth kwazvo, uye nomufaro mukuru mvumo kusarudzwa mwanakomana wake. Pashure vaitamba mutambo mhemberero, vaviri akaenda Italy zvakare - nguva ino nokuda hanimunu. mudzimai Savva Mamontov aberekerwa murume wake nevana vashanu. Mwanasikana wavo Faith akaratidzwa painter Valentin Serov muMharidzo yake kupenda "Girl ne Peaches".

Tycoon mugari wenhaka

Baba Savvy Ivan Fedorovich akafa muna 1869, pashure bhizimisi mhuri yake akapfuura kuti mwanakomana wake. Mutsivi akabatsira mubereki Vabatsiri. Navo muduku entrepreneur kwete chete vakachengetedzwa, asiwo muwande nhaka nevabereki. Saka muna 1872, panguva musoro Society of Moscow-Yaroslavl njanji akamuka mutungamiriri mutsva - Savva Mamontov. Biography mushambadzi kwave chokuita zvakasiyana-siyana mabhizimisi munzvimbo. Panguva imwe chete kuchiteshi zvaaiva wezvokutengeserana muhofisi, izvo akagovera zvokuvakisa yacho. Mamontov zvishoma nezvishoma ndichipfeka kushandiswa kutungamirira uye upenyu anoshingaira munzanga.

dendere mhuri Savva aiva Abramtsevo wakare, akatengwa kubva munyori Sergei Aksakov. Vaviri vacho vakafunga kuti vana vavo vakure nani munyika kubva dzichikunetsa uye hakuvaki ezvinhu. Nguva dzose kusiyaniswa exuberant rudo mabasa magnate vakaita Abramtzevo rakabudirira Manor pamwe yayo chikoro, chechi, greenhouses, mapindu, chipatara, bhiriji uye dhamu iri Mbavha River.

Bono

Pasinei upfumi basa, zvomutengesi yakaramba kufarira unyanzvi. Aiziva zvose zvikuru mapato ose National vakadzidza nguva yake. In Abramtsevo kunyange vakaumba denderedzwa vemifananidzo, vakarongwa oga akanga Savva Mamontov. Interesting zvinhu zvoupenyu zvedzidzo uye anorichengeta anonzi iye pamwe nhau imwe kwema kukuru uye nevemabhizimisi. Mamontov vakatodzidza yakafara mbiri pashure apedza kuvaka zvakakosha kuti njanji upfumi muna Donetsk marasha bheseni. Communications dzakavakwa 1882. Makore masere gare gare, Savva akaitengesera kuti hurumende kuti mhanza.

Kunyanya simba Mamontov akanga vemifananidzo. Akanga shamwari Apollinary Vasnetsov, Isaakom Levitanom, Vasiliem Surikovym, Valentin Serov nezvimwe Painters. Nomushambadzi aiva hama wendarama huru Moscow maberere Pavel Tretyakov.

Art anorichengeta anonzi

vaichengetedza Savva Mamontov rubatsiro vemifananidzo kwete chete mutsika asiwo nemari, kana zvichidikanwa. Aiva GODFATHER kune vechiduku matarenda zhinji. akagara kurudyi mumba make Painters mwedzi. Nokuda Savva Ivanovich akasimuka ake netsoka nyeredzi dzakadai Vrubel, Vasnetsov, Korovin uye Serov. Mimwe mifananidzo kuti vave kuzivikanwa Classics Saka, ainyorwa mu wenhumbi Mamontov. Kunyange zvazvo nomushambadzi haana kuroorwa zvakananga nekunhonga mifananidzo vakanga vagara pamwechete chidzoke waunozivana itsva kubva unyanzvi nyika.

Bono Savva vakabatsira vechiduku Artists-vadzungairi chaizvo. Muna 1880, chikuru riparadzirwe album akasunungurwa pamusoro mutengesi Ezvemutauro. Mamontov zvakare sangano Kunstausstellungen muMoscow. Pamwechete noblewoman Maria Tenisheva iye inotsigirwa akakurumbira magazini "Nyika Art".

Passion mimhanzi uye mitambo

The kupenda haasi chete mubereko zvomutengesi. Music - ichi ndechimwe unyanzvi kuti unorwara Savva Mamontov. Interesting zvine chokuita zvadzinofarira vake ichinyatsozivikanwa dzose recital vanoshanda yakarongwa mumba make. Pano yakarira mabasa kubudikidza Schumann, Beethoven, Mozart, Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky nevamwe vanyori vakakurumbira. Not scoring Vocal zvidzidzo Mamontov dzimwe nguva akataura vaenzi. Iyewo ane kufanorongwa musha zvesimba. Mune rimwe zvesimba airidza muduku Konstantin Alexeev, uyo akazova nyika-inozivikanwa theatre mutungamiriri Stanislavsky.

Muna 1882, private troupes zvakanyoreswa zviri kubvumirwa kuRussia. Mumwe wevaya pakarepo akatora mikana mitsva vakava Savva Mamontov. Abramtsevo haana chete yeZororo vemifananidzo. Philanthropist anofarira dhanzi uye akatambudzika ukashora mafungiro Russian veruzhinji ichi mhando ounyanzvi, ndakasarudza kuronga dhanzi nezvinobvamo. Akarota ane basa rakakwana pachikuva, izvo zvinogona kubatanidza basa vaimbi, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, vaimbi uye vatambi. Hapana akafanana mudzimba nezvinobvamo isati kusiyaniswa.

Kusarudzwa itsva troupe pamusoro Savva Mamontov akabatsira kondakita Nikolai Krotkov. The varongi vakasarudza kukoka vechiduku vemifananidzo, kwete vakurukuri panguva State Theater. Mamontov pachake kusika yemitambo haana kuchengeta hofisi upi, asi aigara vakapinda kudzidzira uye akataura vatambi.

pachake kambani

Pakutanga 1885 muchivako vaiva ne Lianozovo yemitambo yaiva mutambo wekutanga Mamontov "Mermaid" troupe kupfeka mabasa kupfurikidza Vanyori Aleksandra Dargomyzhskogo. Kushongedza zvakasikwa naye Isaakom Levitanom uye Apollinary Vasnetsov. Zvadaro, ivo vakashanda zvimwe nepfuma ( "Faust" uye "Merry Madzimai Windsor"). Hapana mubvunzo kuti "vana okusika" Savva Mamontov akava wokutanga Russian yemitambo vemifananidzo. Kusvikira iyoyo, zvakakomba vemifananidzo regai kuita zvayainge nokuda nezvinobvamo, kufunga nayo kukodzera nezera ravo ndege. Paiva niche mifananidzo unoratidza chete dhanzi kumashure girl: matongo akare, Ages nematende, muzvarirwo Italy. Company "Railway King" kwakachinja kugadzikana.

Kwenguva refu, imwe experimental dhanzi Mamontov akanga asiri kubudirira chete vateereri. Kunetsekana kushaya ruzivo vatambi vechidiki "untried". Zvisinei, The entrepreneur, zvakanaka regai pasi maoko, pasinei caustic mashoko pachaunga uye kutsoropodza shamwari vaidavira kuti zvakakomba magnate haafaniri kuita zvakadaro maturo. Yokutanga mukuru-Profile vachiratidzwa yemitambo kwakaitika chete muna 1898 apo kambani vakakunda Mamontovskaya St. Petersburg.

Kuwedzera Zvivako izvi muna Sergiev Posad uye Yaroslavl, yakasiyana shongwe Savva Mamontov - the vemifananidzo, akaita mukurumbira nokuda dhanzi ake. Izvi zvinosanganisira nyeredzi Chaliapin Chiitiko Vanyori Rachmaninoff, Rimsky-Korsakov uye Mussorgsky.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Patronage Mamontov aisafunga uri mumwe chete. Kwenguva refu akanga ari sachigaro iri Delvigovskom njanji chikoro muMoscow. Savva inotsigirwa kuvakwa muzvikoro, kusanganisira zviri kuchamhembe enyika. Vakanga dzakatangwa Kostroma maindasitiri kukoreji. In St. Petersburg, rakarongeka tycoon Magazini chinosiyanisa worupo maonero pepanhau "Russian." It yakavharwa muna 1902, pashure kwakaonekwa skit vachiseka mhuri youmambo.

Charity mubereko kuchamhembe kubva nemapoka vakauya pakuvaka njanji kuna Arkhangelsk. Chirongwa ichi kunoratidzwa yaro chaiyo kunzwisisa uye dambudziko. Kubva pakutanga, haana kuvimbisa nokukurumidza uye chinooneka zvakaoma. Savva vakasimudza kuvakwa chete kubva pfungwa ehurumende basa uye vazive chii mutsetse itsva mhanyisa upfumi kukura kuchamhembe.

Inoenda Arkhangelsk yakapedzwa muna 1897. Yakanga zvikuru zvose nokuda kuchamhembe nharaunda, uye nokuda yose nyika. Pasinei kutsanangurwa mabasa ayo, Savva haana kutsvaka ruzhinji pamutemo. Akanga asiri kutsvaka pamisara uye mibayiro, havana Links nemasimba kuti ave. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko tycoon aiva mukuru-wishers vanoitisana. Mumwe wavo aifungidzirwa gurukota Finance Sergei Witte. Pashure pakuvaka njanji muna Arkhangelsk akaita mukuru mukuru awarding nemapoka Order St. Vladimir of dhigirii wechina.

Bankruptcy uye okupedzisira makore

Muna 1890 Savva Morozov akatora guru reko entrepreneurial chirongwa. It kwaisanganisira pakusikwa neshamwari yokufambisa uye maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Nokuti tycoon ichi atenga nderechinyakare uye kunoda kushanda zvirimwa mazuvaano. Repair achikanganisa zvikuru zvekushandisa. mhuri Savva Mamontov zvishoma vakarasikirwa dzakawanda mari. Muna 1898, kuwana pachavo mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, asi entrepreneur akasarudza ngozi mari kutengeserana pamwe migove kuna Yaroslavl Railroad. Somugumisiro kutengeswa kuchengetedzeka Mamontov pakupedzisira akaenda zvachose.

Kuedza kutiza zvemari dongo, philanthropist vakagamuchira hurumende tendero kuvaka njanji kubva St. Petersburg kuna Vyatka. Zvisinei, ichi chete kuwedzerwa zvinhu. Muna 1899, panguva nemapoka akamhanya akabuda mari, akanga asingachagoni kubhadhara multiple chikwereti. Uyezve, hurumende anomirirwa Bazi rezveMari vakagadza ane odhita, nomugwagwa.

Nyaya akaenda kudare. Savva kwemwedzi inoverengeka akasungwa, akanga pfuma. Muzvinabhizimisi mhosva embezzlement. Paitongwa, akatsigira kunoshamisa mumiririri National Advocacy Fedor Plevako. Mamontov mhosva, akasunungurwa pasi kurumbidzwa nevanhu. Zvisinei, hapana guta akanga asiya. Life pachiyero Savva akatambanudzira muupenyu paruzhinji. Pashure pokutongwa, akatamira kune imwe duku imba pedyo neSuo Butyrskaya. Mamontov aitaura chete duku denderedzwa shamwari vekare, uyo zvainyatsozivikanwa pakati munyika vemifananidzo uye vatambi. Maecenas akafa April 6, 1918 aine makore 76. Akavigwa mumusha Abramtsevo.