Elizabeth I Chirungu: photos Biography, panguva yaitonga amai

Elizabeth I anotonga Britain mumakore 1558-1603. Nemhaka akachenjera epamba uye vatorwa mutemo iye akaita nyika wake simba guru European. Elizabethan nhasi anzi chendarama zera England.

Mwanasikana vaivengwa mukadzi

The ramangwana Queen Elizabeth Ndakaberekwa musi September 7, 1533 mu Greenwich. Aiva mwanasikana Henry VIII wake, Anne Boleyn. King aida chaizvo kuti awane mwanakomana uye mugari wenhaka chigaro. Imhaka ichi, iye akarambwa mudzimai wake wokutanga Ekaterinoy Aragonskoy, haana akamuberekera mukomana. Chokwadi kuti akauya kubatidza mumwe musikana, chaizvo ndakarwadziwa Henry, kunyange aisava pachake ruvengo kune mwana.

Apo Elizabeth nemakore maviri, amai akaurayiwa. Anne Boleyn akapomerwa hurumende. Dare zvaiona nekusimba chokwadi vanonzi mambokadzi hurumende wake. Yemwana Henry, saka akasarudza kubvisa wake, iye akava mutoro, uye izvo vakakundikana kubereka mukomana. Gare gare akaroora kakati. Sezvo michato maviri okutanga rakadzima, Elizabeth uye Maria (mwanasikana Ekateriny Aragonskoy raMwari) nomukoma wake vakanga mubvandiripo.

vasikana dzidzo

Kunyange kuva mwana Elizabeth I akaratidza pachake hunoshamisa nemano. Iye zvakakwana nyanzvi yechiLatin, chiGiriki, vokuItaly uye French. Kunyange zvazvo musikana akanga zvazviri mubvandiripo, kurovedza wake achiita vanapurofesa kuCambridge. Ndivo vanhu dzazvino - vatsigiri uye vavengi muRoma yeRoma mafupa. Just panguva ino, Henry VIII nekuda vasingabvumirani kwake Pope taikwira pakagadzwa imwe chechi yakazvimirira. Elizabeth chete siyana freethinking zvakakwana, gare gare akaramba mutemo uyu.

Akanga adzidziswa, pamwe Edward - muduku mukoma haizopereri muchato Henry. Vana vanova shamwari. Muna muna 1547 mambo akafa. Maererano zvaanoda, chigaro akanga Edward (akanga kunzi Edward VI). Kana rufu rwake pasina vana simba ravo rakanga kuenda Mary nevazukuru vake. Elizabeth akanga akatevera mumutsara. Asi kuda inokosha gwaro, kunyange nokuti baba vake kokutanga asati afa akabvuma vanasikana vake pamutemo.

Pashure pokufa kwababa vake

Mainini Ekaterina Parr pashure pemariro Henry akatuma Elizabeth kuzogara Hertfordshire, kubva muLondon uye Royal Palace. Zvisinei, iye akararama refu uye akafa muna 1548. Nokukurumidza yakura Edward VI hanzvadzi vakadzokera guru. Elizabeth akanga akasunganidzwa mukoma wake. Asi muna 1553 akafa zvisingatarisirwi.

Izvi zvakateverwa nokusagadzikana, somugumisiro vakauya simba mukoma Elisabeth Maria. Iye ngaavongwe amai rakanga Catholic, kuti haana kufanana vakuru England. Udzvanyiriri pamusoro nevaPurotesitendi akatanga. NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi zhinji nemachinda vakatanga kutarisa Elizabeth samambokadzi pamutemo, dai zvitendero dambudziko kwakagadziriswa apo.

Muna 1554 paiva amukire Thomas Wyatt. Akanga vavaifungira achida kupfuura korona kuna Elizabeth. Apo kupandukira woutsinye, musikana mujeri muna Tower. Gare gare iye wakatumwa kuutapwa muguta Woodstock. Maria aiva risingadiwi pakati vanhu nokuti ukama hwavo Protestant ruzhinji. Muna 1558, iye akafa kubva chirwere, akasasiya venhaka. Elizabeth akakwira choumambo kutanga.

The echitendero negwaro

Kamwe nesimba, Koroleva Elizaveta I pakarepo akatora chisarudzo penhau dzechitendero munyika yavo. Panguva ino yose Europe vakakamukana kupinda kuvenga mumwe nevaPurotesitendi yeRoma. England, iri pachitsuwa, vaizoramba kure ichi ropa kunetsana. All aida aiva mutongi akachenjera pachigaro, vaigona kugamuchira nekuyanana mhinduro uye kuti zvikamu zviviri kwenzanga kurarama dzorugare. A akachenjera uye kure anoona zvakanaka Elizabeth ndakanga mambokadzi yakadaro.

Muna 1559, zvakanga idzva "Act kuti Vafanane Pazvose." Gwaro iri kwakaita kuti kuzvipira Protestant mambo kutevera nzira baba vake. Panguva iyoyowo, vaKaturike vakanga kunamata. Izvi musoro tobvuma kubvumidzwa kutora nyika kubva nokupererwa hondo yevagari vemo. Chii chaizoitika kana vatsigiri Yokuchinja yeRoma achiri vakatarisana pahuma zvinogona kunzwisiswa, kuburikidza kunopfuurira reropa kupesana Germany iyoyo.

Maritime kuwedzera

Nhasi Biography kuti Elizabeth Vokutanga anonyanya chokuita Golden Age of England - paraiitwa nokukurumidza youpfumi chacho political simba. Chinokosha Kubudirira uku kwaiva nenzvimbo mamiriro guta guru masimba London ane simba kupfuura mugungwa European. Yakanga paitonga Elizabeth I muAtlantic Ocean, uye kunyanya muCaribbean, boka Chirungu Pirates. makororo izvi vaiita nechitsotsi uye zvaibiwa kwakaenderera nezvikepe zvavatengesi. The yakakurumbira Pirate nenguva yakanga Frensis Dreyk. Elizabeth akashandisa "mabasa" evoruzhinji kubvisa vakwikwidzi pamusoro pegungwa.

Uyewo, enterprising vezvikepe uye navatorwa akabvumirwa ehurumende akatanga kuumba pachavo dzaitongwa avo West. Muna 1587 akazviratidza Jamestown - wokutanga Chirungu kugarwa kuNorth America. Elizabeth I, uyo ushe kwakatora emakore, nguva yose iyi norupo anondibhadharira zviitiko zvakadaro.

Vachinetsana Spain

Maritime Kuwedzera England kunotozongoita akamuisa dzinopesana Spain - nyika aine chikuru uye zvinobatsira zvikuru dzaitongwa kuMadokero. Peruvian goridhe kuramba rwizi zvakapinda coffers of Madrid, ichipa ukuru umambo.

Kutaura zvazviri, kubva 1570 ari navies muEngland uye Spain vachingotya "phony hondo." Pamutemo, hakuna zvaziviswa, asi kudhumhana pamusoro Pirates uye galleons vakaremerwa nendarama, anowanikwa zvinoshamisa kakawanda. Mafuta akawedzera moto chokuti Spain yaiva huru mudziviriri yeKaturike, ukuwo Protestant Elizabeth akaramba yababa vake itsika.

Kuparadzwa Spanish armáda

Anofambisa madzimambo aigona chete kumbosendeka hondo, asi hazvirevi regedza nayo. Open kurwisana nezvombo akatanga muna 1585. Akatyora kubva Netherlands, apo vapanduki emo vakanga vachiedza kubvisa Spanish zviremera. Elizabeth muchivande dzaivatsigira nokupa mari uye zvimwe zvinhu. Pashure dzakatevedzana zvawataura wataura hapana chinochinja kubudikidza nhume zvose nyika, hondo pakati England uye Spain akanzi pamutemo.

Korol Kuvshinov II akatuma British Mahombekombe armáda. vanonzi uto rengarava Spain rine 140 ngarava. The kunetsana racho ragadziriswa, ane wengarava mauto akasimba uye ndeupi masimba maviri kuva yaitonga umambo ramangwana. The Chirungu rengarava (pamwe vatsigire Dutch) yaiva ngarava 227, asi vakanga shoma zvikuru Spanish. Zvisinei, havana vane mukana - kumusoro maneuverability.

Zvakatora mukana wayo raakarayira British rengarava - kare ataurwa Frensis Dreyk uye Charlz Govard. Flotilla airwisana August 8, 1588 mu Gravelinskom muhondo pedyo nemhenderekedzo France muna Chirungu Channel. The Spanish armáda vakakundwa. Kunyange zvazvo migumisiro kukundwa zvinoratidzwa pakarepo, nguva kwakaratidza kuti mukukunda England akaita mukuru wengarava simba munguva dzazvino.

Pashure Gravelinskogo hondo kurwa mberi kwemamwe makore 16. Hondo uyewo zvakaitika America. Mugumisiro hondo refu yaiva kusaina of London nyika muna 1604 (afa Elizabeth). Maererano naye, Spain pakupedzisira vakasiya chipingaidzo muchechi zvenyika England, apo England akavimbisa kurega kurwisa pazuva mapoka ari Habsburgs kumadokero. Mukuwedzera, muLondon tikarega kutsigira Dutch vapanduki akakurwirai rusununguko kubva Madrid dare. Isina kunanga mugumisiro hondo nokusimbaradza Paramende mu British upenyu enyika.

Relations pamwe Russia

Kare 1551 ari London vatengesi rakavambwa kambani Moscow anotsanangura. Akava musoro zvose British kutengeserana Russia. Elizabeth I, uyo ushe aifanira kugara Kremlin Ivana Groznogo, akaramba tsamba mambo uye akakwanisa kuwana chete kodzero vaitengerana dzavo.

The British vaifarira kwazvo zveupfumi ukama Russia. Kukura ezvokutengeserana rengarava kuchatungamirira kutengeswa uye kutenga zvinhu zvakawanda. VokuEurope vaitenga kupinda Russian furs, nesimbi, uye zvichingodaro .. In Moscow muna 1587 boka chikomborero rusununguko kutengeserana. Uyezve, iye akavamba makubhiti zvavo, kwete chete guru asiwo Vologda, Yaroslavl uye Kholmogory. A mupiro mukuru uyu nedzenyu uye vezvokutengeserana kubudirira akaita Elizabeth I. Mambokadzi England akagashira kubva Russian chevaux dzinokwana tsamba 11 guru, iro nhasi vanomirira akasiyana nemamwe nhoroondo sezvivako.

Elizabeth nounyanzvi

The Golden Age, iyo chokuita nguva Elizabeth, kwakaratidzwawo chikuru tsika Chirungu. Panguva ino akanyora mukuru dramatist wenyika mabhuku Shakespeare. The Queen aifarira mifananidzo, zvakasimba vakatsigira vanyori varo. Shakespeare vake nevamwe vake vari rokusika workshop vaivapowo nokuumba richikurukura London dzemitambo. The kupfuura ihwai aiva "Globe", yakavakwa muna 1599.

Mutongi akaedza kuita chiseko uye varaidzo nyore kusvika widest zvichibvira vateereri. Royal kambani yakatangwa pachivanze kwayo. Dzimwe nguva mabasa vairidza uye Erizabheti kutanga. Photo pamusoro hwose Portraits yake anoratidza zvakajeka kuti aiva mukadzi wakanaka, zvinoitika pachigaro choushe aine makore 25. Pano Data zvichava nemano vavahosi. Akanga asiri chete Polyglot, asiwo mutambi akanaka.

mumakore achangodarika

Kunyange avaida rufu rwake kare Elizabeth I Chirungu akwegura mberi vachishingaira wokuita paruzhinji zvenyika. Pazuva rokupedzisira nguva yake yokutonga anofanira kusimbisa kupokanidzana pakati poumambo uye reParamende. Kunyanya kurwadza vaiva zvoupfumi nyaya uye chinetso mitero. Elizabeth akatsvaka rinowedzera coffers mune chiitiko ramangwana rutsigiro rwemauto. Paramende akashora ichi.

March 24, 1603 nyika akaziva kuti vose vanhu vakafa Mudiwa Elizabeth wokutanga. Mambokadzi England chaizvo nzvimbo vamwe vavo vagari - nokuti wakanga wakaiswa zita Good Queen Bess. Elizabeth akavigwa Westminster Abbey ane vazhinji vemunyika.

Dambudziko yokugara

All Elizabeth Kutonga kwakanga mubvunzo kunyanya chakasimba yokugara. Queen kumboroorwa. Aiva enganonyorwa shoma, asi vari zvisina hunhu. Mutongi aisada kusungirira fundo nokuti uduku nazvo upenyu hwemhuri yababa vake, iye, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, akarayira aurayiwe mai vake Elizabeth Wokutanga.

The Queen vasina muchato, pasinei kuteterera reParamende. Nhengo dzaro dziri muchimiro mukuru akatendeukira kuna Elizabeth pamwe zvikumbiro kuroorwa mumwe wamachinda European. Kwavari yaiva nyaya National kukosha. Kuri kuti nyika zvaizosiiwa pasina aizomutsiva yakajeka, aigona vatanga hondo kana reupenyu wamambo the. The Grooms Queen England akafanotaura Philip II wokuSpain, German archdukes of Habsburg youmambo, kuti Swedish Crown Prince Eric uye kunyange Russian chevaux Ivan anotyisa.

Asi iye kumboroora. Somugumisiro, mashoko asina mwana Elizabeth vasati vafa akasarudzwa mutsivi wake Yakova Styuarta - mwanakomana mumwe Scottish Queen Mary. Maererano mai vake, iye chakaita kuti muzukuru mukuru Henry VII - muvambi Tudor youmambo kuti raiva Elizabeth I Chirungu.