Karl Smely: A Biography. Nei Charles wokushinga inonzi rokupedzisira knight?

Mumwe chakajeka uye zvakawanda zvinonakidza inofananidza Ages Europe, pasina mubvunzo, Karl Smely, uyo akatonga Burgundy ari pakati XV remakore. Munhau chinowanzoonekwa vachinzi "okupedzisira knight" nokuti unhu ndechake, kana kuti akanga aita kuti kupona. Akagara utsinye zera, uye haringanzi mhosva mabasa zvinorondedzera mhaka ano murume dzinodedera.

Mwanakomana uye mugari wenhaka maFiripi Good

Karl akamuka nhodzera zvikuru zvakanaka. baba vake, Kuvshinov Dobrý, pasinei chokuti nekusvibisa zita mukurumbira wake nokupa Chirungu Joan pakati Arc akakwanisa kupa simba Burgundy, naro anowanikwa refu mukurumbira mu Europe. Kana ducal dare vakakurudzira kukura ounyanzvi, uye mutongi aiva kuchitsigira mutsigiri knightly remitemo uye muvambi Order Yechinwiwa Fleece, iyo aburukira mazuva edu.

Firipi akanga ari kufarira dandadzo kuti jousting Tournaments uye makwikwi minnesingers. Zvinonzwisisika akaberekerwa November 10, 1433 mugari wenhaka, vaakadana Carl, akaedza kuti vatidzidzise unhu knight wechokwadi. pamabasa Firipi akanga asiri pasina, uye mwanakomana zvizere nhaka rudo rwake nokuda kurwa, kunovhima uye rutsigiro rwemauto.

Youth ramangwana Duke pakati Burgundy

Achitungamirirwa enyika nezvavanofunga, baba akachimbidzika Uchanyenga mwanakomana wake Katarina, mwanasikana wamambo French Charles VII, uye kuti mumwe akabatwa ari shama mwenga akazviita apo mugari wenhaka akanga haawanzotauri nemakore mashanu. Zviya, kufara nomusikana aiva mukuru nomukomana wake mana chete kwemakore. Gare gare, Charles akanga akaroora kaviri kupfuura - wokuFrance Isabelle of Bourbon uye Englishwoman Margaret pamusoro York. Vose vaiva ropa roumambo.

In hwake Karl Smely akasangana, uye kunyange shamwari dzake ramangwana Arch-muvengi - mugari wenhaka kune French choushe, Louis, paakanga ari Duchy pamusoro Burgundy akavanda pahasha baba vake. Zvinenge vezera, ivo ndezvokuti vakasiyana mumwe. Karl Smely - the "wokupedzisira knight" - vaiva varefu akasimba uye jaya, vakagadzirira nomunondo muruoko kuratidza ake mhosva. Louis chete, pfupi uye dzakaonda, aine kuwedzera duku siyana Wandinyengedzerei uye manomano.

Ruchirwisana aimbova shamwari

Ushamwari hwavo yakaguma apo July 22, 1461, Louis akabudirira choumambo chababa vake, akava mambo France, Louis XI. Kubva pamazuva okutanga chaizvo muhofisi, akatungamirira batanidzo nomutemo kuti umambo nyika vaiva ne feudal madzishe akava mushandi wake. Izvi zvakakonzera hwavo hwakanyanya kusagutsikana, zvichiguma Changamire NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi nemachinda vakabatana ishe wake, apedza chibvumirano anonzi "League zvinowanzoitwa zvakanaka." By kwomubatanidzwa uyu uye mativi pamwe Karl Smely, uyo akamanikidzwa kubatana namambo mutsva muhondo pamusoro County pamusoro Charolais, izvo zvose kutaura.

Nokukurumidza, zvematongerwo yokurwisana kwakawedzera kuva uto nebope. Panguva ino, Kuvshinov Dobrý akafa, uye Karl akanga nhaka Holdings kwete chete yababa vake guru, asi musoro Duke pakati Burgundy. Zvino mukuru mauto unganidzwa "pedyo League zvinowanzoitwa zvakanaka," akanga zvizere mukana wokuratidza kure ushingi hwavo uye ushingi.

Tanga ropa

The kukunda wokutanga penya yakahwina Karl Smely muna 1465, akarakasha uto shamwari yake kwakare hondo Montlhéry. Izvi akamanikidza mambo kusiya nevanodzidza nezvenhamba kune nharo County Charolais. Akurudzirwa nokubudirira, Duke vakamhanyira itsva zvakapembererwa. Akayeuka kuti makore mashoma apfuura muguta Liege pasi pake paiva nemhirizhonga zvinokonzerwa wakanyanya yakakwirira nemitero. Asi kupfuura zvose, kuti pakati vapanduki vakanga wokuparadzira makuhwa kuti - Karl Smely, Duke pamusoro Burgundy - kuberekwa kwete Philip Akanaka, baba vake yepamutemo, uye kubva yomunharaunda bhishopu, kuti mai vake Duchess Isabella kurega kuti kureurura.

A knight wechokwadi, uye saka vaiona pachake Karl, asingagoni kukanganwira nokutuka akaita kuti mukadzi, kunyanya amai vake. Iye akaita mweya nguva yaro - utsinye uye rima Middle Ages. Anokunda Liege, vane vagari havana kuedza kunyange kurwisa, akanga akavaparadza vose, kusanganisira vakadzi nevana. Muchizvikudza pokurera musoro wake, Karl akasiya inopfungaira matongo nezuro kutumbuka guta. I vaimushanyira saizvozvo uye dzine vashoma duchy ake.

In kutarisira Burgundian Wars

Akanga chaicho yakasimbiswa mupfungwa yake noukuru, Carl aishuva kuti hwake pasi umambo Burgundy, uye zvikuru nyaya iyi kubva mumaoko korona Papa wacho. Asi chinzvimbo Ndangariro Duke kwakadaro kwaifanira kupera. It akashora mambo hweRoma, uye namambo France. Kana mumwe kana mumwe haana kunobatsira mukuchiva Burgundy.

Zvebasa Charles wokushinga uye Louis vaiva pakati 11 - kufadza wevasungwa kwesimba mumaoko avo, asi kuti vabudirire nayo vakatsvaka dzakasiyana. Kana Burgundian padzimba vaivimba ndakafanana simba, mambo akaita manomano uye chivande, iyo yaiva tenzi risingaenzaniswi. Kuparadza nemuvengi wake, akakwanisa kumunetesa kuva dzakatevedzana adventures nemauto, vakabva kunzi Burgundian Wars.

The impoverishment munyika

Under ake simba, Karl Smely akaita kuedza kubatana zvake nharaunda yeAlsace uye Lorraine. Pakutanga yaikurudzira, asi zvino Louis XI neKomisheni muchivande Nhaurirano kutora zvombo kurwisa naye inenge hafu Europe. Tariro Musanyura ari danidziro of Duke pakati Burgundy upenyu vakatamira zvachose nehondo akamira. Sezvo kwerunyararo weuto dzakaparadzwa chose chezvipo, zvose varaidzo rakanga rarambidzwa. Gone ndivo kukwikwidzirana vadetembi uye vaimbi, uye rwokugadzira, non-zvehondo, anongoti kuregwa. Aimbova upfumi akatendeukira nzara uye urombo.

The kukundwa pa Gransone

Nhoroondo zvinoratidza kuti pasinei vavariro huru, hapana mutongi oga haagoni kurwisa mubatanidzwa dzakabudirira. Karl Smely, Duke pamusoro Burgundy, ndozvakaitikawo. Kana vokuGermany uye French, iye zvimwe vakakwanisa kutsungirira, zvakanakisisa panguva iyoyo mauto Swiss yakanga yakanyanya chakaoma kwaari.

Wokutanga unorema kukundwa akatambura muna 1476 panguva Hondo Gransone. Nguva pfupi asati kuti, Duke Karl Smely akatora guta, kushandisa kutengeswa mumwe nevanozvitsigira ake. With boka revarwi vakasungwa, akaita saizvozvo, uyewo zvinoshandiswa kuzviita - varwi akarembera, apo vamwe rikanyuramo Lake Neuchâtel.

Swiss, kumhanyira kununura, zvakava zvakajeka kuti zvinochimbidza pakuparwa kukundwa. Hapana unonyura kana akaremberera mumwe wavo havana kuda, saka akafuridzirwa, vakauraya Burgundians. Karl Smely - Burgundian mutongi - haawanzotauri wakapukunyuka, achisiya muvengi wake mberi panguva, atirari uye hondo huru, azere dzichapambwa pfuma mushandirapamwe.

mumwe chipingamupinyi

Zvisinei, kukundwa ichi haina kuderera swagger uye nokuzvikudza wavarwi. Kugara hara, iro akanga achizouya, vakamirira Duke pedyo netaundi Murten. Pano, Carl akagamuchira kubva Swiss zvakatowanda Kupwanywa kukundwa. Kubva zvinyorwa yaitonga kuzivikanwa kuti aive mukana, kushandisa Mediation rechitatu-party kuti rugare uye kutendera vakanaka tacky, asi vapenyu kuna kudzokera yake yaakaberekerwa Burgundy. Zvisinei, kushatiriswa nezvipingamupinyi zvechiuto, akarasikirwa mukana wokuponeswa uye pakudaro akasaina rufu kwake warandi. Chokwadi chokuti chinzvimbo zvinangwa Charles wokushinga havana kuenderana dzingangoitika raaiva.

The inosuruvarisa kuguma mutongi Burgundian

Pakupera chete gore panotangira weuto richangobva kuumbwa, akakwira kuguta Nancy. The nevanozvitsigira akaratidza zvinoyemurika kutsungirira, uye kukomba zvayakapfuura zvishoma. Pasinei chokwadi kuti nokuda yakaderera tembiricha vazhinji Mauto ake vakasimuka frostbite uye vaisagona kuramba kurwa, Karl akaramba kutsigira pasi, achitarisira kuti nzara achaita kumanikidza rakakombwa kuzvipira. Panguva iyi guta kubatsira veuto guru, iro raiva pakati Alsatians, Austrians, vokuGermany uye French.

Day 5 January 1477 akaratidza dzinouraya kuti hondo Charles ari Bold. Kwete ari kupikisa kupfuura nemuvengi wake nhamba, yakaparadzwa zvachose. Mukuru wamauto pachake akaurayiwa muhondo. Mazuva mashoma gare gare muviri wake akakuvadza nokusunungura nenhubu maronda, kwakawanikwa mukati rwizi pedyo. Hacked chiso chake chakanga vasamuziva kuti Duke akakwanisa kuziva chete pachake chiremba vatana mavanga.

Mwoyo mugumisiro rokutonga Charles

Rufu Charles wokushinga apedza rimwe ichikosha yose munhoroondo Burgundy. Kunyimwa mugari wenhaka ari munhurume mutsetse, akanga nokukurumidza yakakamurwa pakati Habsburgs uye korona French. Yaenda kuti kukosha Duchy sezvo yakazvimirira European mamiriro. Yakava chikamu nhoroondo uye mutongi wayo indefatigable Karl Smely, ane Biography ari kuramba dzakatevedzana hondo uye rutsigiro. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti zvose hwake akanga ari varanda pachavo vavariro dzavo.

Asingatyi murwi uye wezvematongerwo enyika yakaipa

Zvechadenga Charles wokushinga, uye akamupa vaongorori, ndizvo chaizvo nharo. Hazvirambiki kuti zvose mauto akatuma wake nezvenyaya Burgundy kubudikidza acceding kuti akakunda nyika vawana ukuru yakatokura. Zvisinei, mugumisiro militarist mutemo yave kuparadzwa pamusoro duchy uye zvayo impoverishment. Vakakwira mudare baba vake, Philip Akanaka, Charles vaizviti nhungamiro chivalry, asi, maererano netsika nguva yake, kuurawa asina mhosva vanhu akakunda maguta.

The mubvunzo unomuka: sei Charles wokushinga rainzi "wokupedzisira knight"? Zvichida, mhinduro tinoiwana pakuti aiva mumwe wevaya vaifunga enyika mitambo uye anonyengera zvinonyadzisa uye kukodzera, vachisarudza havo kugadzirisa nyaya zvose pakurwa rakavhurika, sezvo inokodzera ane knight wechokwadi. Pasina mubvunzo, akadaro nzira aizopa kwamachinda chero private munhu, asi kuti musoro wehurumende zviri isingagamuchiriki. Utungamiri munyika iri vasingasiyani padunhu zvematongerwo enyika, uye muchitsauko chino zvinofanira kuva nyanzvi.