Tikaisa rwakapetwa: tsananguro, kugadzirwa rwokugadzira uye miti

Simbi - mumwe chikuru pamatavi kugadzirwa ano. Pamusana kwavari hurumende bhajeti rakakura zvemari Rwako, nokuti simbi nesimbi zvigadzirwa, sezvo mutemo, ndiye aina uye zvinowanisa wokumwe Exchange mari zvose chirimwa uye chirimwa uyewo nyika. Pane siyana metallurgia miti, iro basa kunoita izvo vangava kwakakwana kana kukwana. Asi chero zvakadaro, kwokupedzisira dariro simbi kutenderera ichava simbi-rinopfungaira kuti kuwana aida Profile kuti mutengi. Zviri rinopfungaira zvigayo kubereka matanda, migero, njanji uye zvakawanda. The zvinokosha chero rinopfungaira chigayo anokungurutsa mabhanzi. Metallurgical miriwo dzakaoma pasina pavo zvisingafungidziriki, saka mabhanzi kuzotaura zvizere munyaya ino.

tsananguro mukuru

Akakungurutsira simbi - kuvhiyiwa kuri nani yakaoma, simba kupedza uye kunoda unyanzvi uye ruzivo netsvimbo. Compression mashoko, izvo zvinoita rinopfungaira rwakapetwa, anobvumira kusvika vamwe kupatsanurwa Profile hukuru. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mabhanzi mukufamba basa ravo kutora pamusoro runoshamisa kuedza kuti anowanika zvakananga nedanho rose rinopfungaira mutsetse. Ndokusaka tikaisa rwakapetwa - zvikuru akapfeka zvikamu chero ari rinopfungaira chigayo.

Zvinoriumba uye Features

All mabhanzi chigayo vane zvikuru zvitatu zvinoumba, kusanganisira:

• Bharero roll. Kuti iri zvakananga nevanhu tsvuku-inopisa, uye pasi simbi kugadzira. In Upfu pane mbiri huru Linear parameter - kureba (L) uye dhayamita (od).
• Remuromo (mabheyaringi) - iri kumativi Upfu uye navamwe pamusoro chinotenderera mabheyaringi. Also dzinoratidzwa kureba uye dhayamita.
• Kutyaira magumo.

For mabhanzi-chikamu chigayo chikuru zviratidzi ndiwo: chezita dhayamita, turners dhayamita uye kushanda dhayamita. Muzviitiko avo kana tikaisa rwakapetwa inoshandiswa nokuda majana achishandisa yezvisikwa mhando chokurukisa, ayo ngarurege kuguma achatora chimiro mashizha kana humburumbira. View muchinjikwa nemotokari mugumo aizofanira kana chinotenderera kutenderera anopiwa pachishandiswa makirabhu (munhu anofanira kuva zvenguva coupling).

The mabhanzi nokuti yakanyikwa jira

Sheet-achiumba mabhanzi, kugadzirwa iyo - asi rakaoma muitiro, rinopfungaira rinoitwa tepi rinoparadza. Upfu mabhanzi akadaro mvere achiumbwa munyika cylindrical chimiro.

Section rinopfungaira mabhanzi akashandiswa pagadzirwe shaped zvinhu izvo vangava zvimwe raundi kana mativi muchinjikwa chikamu (I-matanda, pamakona).

Emiti kuti mabhanzi kuita shoma convex, kana vari aiendeswa chando rinopfungaira kuti jira yakanyikwa simbi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, inopisa rinopfungaira rwakapetwa dhiramu kupa concave chimiro. Izvi zvinodaro nokuti panguva kwebasa simbi rwakapetwa muviri zvichanzi neshungu uye anombotwasanudza.

Mabhanzi kwenguva refu zvinhu

Upfu mabhanzi akadaro anonyanya pakadzika (hova), vakazochinja akadzokorora Profile yakanyikwa simbi. Brooks hangaiwa mabhanzi ari mhesano pakati geji kunobvumirwa. Kureba Upfu siyana rollers runotsamira upamhi yakanyikwa chigadzirwa uye calibration ezvinhu.

Primal mabhanzi Paaiita chezita dhayamita uye kureba dhiramu. Zvisinei, kana, musasa ane yakawanda yakasiyana nengoro uye dhayamita pakati rollers, rave riri dhayamita pakati rwakapetwa kupedza chigayo.

By kugadzwa varietal mabhanzi vakakamurwa sezvinotevera:

• For rinorema roughing chigayo.
• Nokuti krupnosortovyh uye rinopfungaira chigayo.
• Srednesortovogo mubayiro.
• Melkosortovogo mubayiro.
• Nokuti waya Zvigayo.
• Nokuti shtriposvyh Zvigayo.

vakakosa Kudzingwa

Modern kugadzirwa kuti mabhanzi somumwe huru nzira iri nzira ine Centrifugal Kudzingwa. Nzira iyi inodhura kwazvo, asi anobvumira kuti zvakazara dzora kufadza rokunze pemvura simbi mamiriro, iri kushanda roll. Yakadaro nzira kwaizowedzera zvikuru upenyu chigadzirwa.

Nokuti nzira iyi, pakaitwa muchina unoshandiswa vane chinjikira akabatana kuti vachishandisa kutenderera Centrifugal muforoma kuraswa. Chimiro pachayo akatasva anotsigira rollers. The nemotokari rollers vari hwavapo kuitira kuti zvizere rotational zvinopa yaunonyanya kushandisa rikurumidze. Zvayaiva pamusoro chinotenderera ane kuchengeteka Clearance hama kuti nomukombero tikaisa chacho pachacho. Kupinza vibrations pakati rollers uye nomusimboti vari Mapedhi. Neb vibration uye nokufamba chimiro hakubvisi fungidziro yokuwana wokuroorana.

Kukanda mabhanzi Centrifugal nzira akanga akatakurwa kubva zvikuru yakapambadzirwa kukandira simbi. In kutenderera yayo wehunyambiri akabatana giravhiti kufa vachikanda simbi wadururirwa, bhuku iri mukati 95% of zvachose vhoriyamu rwekuita paiva rwakapetwa.

Chisingarambiki zvakanakira Centrifugal Kudzingwa vari:

• Kupa refu arambe achirema pakati rwakapetwa.
• Kuwedzera mukurumari pakati rwakapetwa.
• Kusavapo anoshongwa, zvanza, nonmetallic inclusions, gang.

nokuchengetedza nzira

Ndiyo nzira inonyanya kudhura kwezvinhu kugadzirwa mabhanzi, izvo kunyange zvakadaro anobvumira kunonyanyisa omarara muviri zvachose wose roll. Izvi zvinooneka anovandudza akavimbika uye mukurumari.

The chaizvo chete nokuchengetedza rinoitwa musi chaiwo zvoga mitsetse yakagadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kushandisa michina yemhando yepamusoro. Pakukora vezvikwata izvi zvingava kusvika 150 MN.

Vakawana saizvozvi kakawanda kushandiswa mabhanzi vachiita uye slabbing uye chikamu zvigayo. Izvi simbi rollers vane yakakwirira coefficient kuti kukweshera panguva kunyorerana pamwe yakanyikwa workpiece. nuance Izvi zvinokosha zvikuru nokuti rinomirira rurefu mwero rutapudzo.

By pacharo, nokuchengetedza kunosanganisira anotevera:

• Billetirovku vara.
• Draft.
• Broach.
• Nokuchengetedza kukura forgings.

The mabhanzi pashure nokuchengetedza kubudiswa kunosanganisira kunzwisisa kupisa kurapwa, dariro kwokupedzisira izvo hazvo vari pamusoro nokuomesa uye tempering.

titanium kugadzirwa

Nhasi, Russia iri pakati penyika kuti waidzora nyika pawaitengesa simbi uye alloys. Naizvozvo, kusikwa zvinoriumba uye zvikamu nokuda metallurgia indasitiri munyika wakapiwa chikuru pokutanga. Kunyanya, Magnitogorsk Plant pakati mabhanzi - mumwe wavatungamiri kubudisa zvinhu izvi.

In July 2016 panguva chirimwa, itsva mukuru-waivako coreless vakanga kwakatangwa induction yamavira. Izvi yepamusorosoro michina kubvumira kubereka alloys yakaoma, kuderedza uwandu kuparadzwa mutariri uye ferroalloys. The kuderera magetsi kuparadzwa richava pamusoro 10%. Kubvunda nzira inogona kuitwa aine kakawanda 250 Hz, uye apedza uye anokurudzira - with kakawanda 125 Hz. Zvakakosha kwezvakatipoteredza abvume zvakare: rutapudzo anokuvadza choutsi kubva yamavira izvi rinowanika 2.6 nguva.

Kazhinji, ivo Urals, kambani kugara anopa musika ayo zvibereko mabhanzi uye ari kushingaira kukura ikozvino.

Sverdlovsk Zirume

Kana tinogona kuteerera Kushvinsky chirimwa tikaisa mabhanzi. zvigadzirwa kwarwo ose mabhanzi, mabhandeji kwavari. The zvebhizimisi chigayo mabhanzi kugadzirwa kushandisa zvinhu zvakadaro nokushanda layer akadai:

• Indefinit.
• Indefinit, nani chaidzo carbides.
• High Chrome akakanda simbi.
• High-chromium simbi.
• High nokukurumidza simbi.

Remuromo uye makirisito jira rinopfungaira mabhanzi vari asunungurwa zvikuru vafuke simbi.

Mabhanzi pachikamu rinopfungaira zvigayo kunobva pearlite uye bainitic yakapambadzirwa akakanda simbi pamwe nodular graphite kana lamellar chimiro.

Ukrainian vaburitsi

In Ukraine, pane vatatu zvebhizimisi chikuru kuti pagadzirwe mabhanzi: Dnepropetrovsk, Lutuginsky Novokramatorsky zvinomera uye tikaisa mabhanzi.

Of the dnipro river chirimwa ane widest kuwanda kugadzirwa mabhanzi, kwete chete nokuda indasitiri asiwo vamwe maindasitiri. Kakawanda, kambani iri kushanda imwe mutengi, unobva ayo unyanzvi zvikuru vanokwanisa kubva hwokugadzira dhipatimendi kuumba-siyana vanodhirowa uye yemashoko mabhanzi matsva.

Isati yatanga ruvengo ari Donbas muna 2014 boka yakanakisisa uye nguva pokutanga Lutuginsky chirimwa rinopfungaira mabhanzi. zvigadzirwa zvayo vasiri chete kupa zvose metallurgia emakambani rweUkraine, asiwo munyika yacho pedyo kunze uye Europe zhinji. Zvisinei, uto kurwisana kwakakonzera ndechokuti chirimwa ukapfigwa pasi. Vakatambura akamisa yesangano iri vachida. Asi muna 2015 nayo vakakwanisa kuzodzosera nokuparura kambani, uye nhasi nayo atanga kugamuchira mirairo kubva Russian Federation.

Kuzvidzora pamusoro chatingatevedzera mabhanzi

In pagadzirwe ose chete rinopfungaira mupumburu compulsorily anoenda kuburikidza hwokugadzira yepamusoro kudzora kwaro kugadzirwa. Pfungwa iri unobhadharwa kuti:

• Makemikari anoumba pokutangira zvinhu.
• Ongorora nemamiriro chigadzirwa zvinhu (mupumburu).
• Centric kuongorora uye geometry.
• Kudzora ukuru pokuoma rwekuita paiva rwakapetwa.
• Kudzora mwero roughness rwekuita pamusoro.
• Ongorora nemamiriro pose paiva zvesimbi.

chiputiriso

All mabhanzi chigayo (mafekitari unobereka pavo, zvakakodzera unhu zvitupa) zvakakumikidzwa mutengi iri rinokosha pasuru. kavha Izvi Kazhinji remuti mabhokisi baffles, izvo anoiswa mukati rollers uye clamping zvinhu zviri akanyatsotarisa. Kavha mudziyo vagadziri vari Kunyatsoteerera, nokuti looseness pamusoro mupumburu uye kushaya zvakakwana kudzivirirwa mushandi uye kumhara hukawanika pakati maindasitiri zvigadzirwa kunogona kutungamirira zvakaipa panyaya yepamusoro mabhanzi.

mhedziso

Achigadzira mabhanzi, iyo kugadzirwa michina MuNharireyomurindi zvakadzama pamusoro, kuchikosha nezvainoita zvichiguma pakupedzisira zvigadzirwa nokubatsirwa wavo. Naizvozvo, nyika vaitungamirira Vagadziri rinopfungaira kubhadhara ngwariro chaiyo maatomu akafanana izvi. musoro nerimwe metallurgia zvebhizimisi anonyatsoziva kuti hwokugadzira ezvinhu chigayo rose uye mabhanzi zvikurukuru kuda zvikuru kuvimba yokupedzisira profitability yose kugadzirwa.