Bronze - kubvunda tembiricha. Sei bronzes

Bronze chinhu chiwanikwa yemhangura uye mumwe okuwedzera maatomu akafanana, sezvo kazhinji makabuda netini, kutungamirira, aruminiyamu kana nesilicon. Zvichienderana mubereko geji nesimbi, ndarira angava akasiyana ruvara kana zvimwewo.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Bronze ndiyo chaizvoizvo chiwanikwa wokutanga, iro rakatanga kushandisa vanhu. In 3rd chemakore BC. e. tenzi achishingaira kushandiswa mhangura zvakasiyana-siyana zvinangwa. Vamwe mamakisi esimbi ine chikamu chiduku gaba. Kana processing ichi zvinhu, vanhu vakacherechedza kuti mhangura uyu denser uye kupfuura dzose. Saka, zvakanga kuberekwa itsva zvenhau netsika nguva, iyo yava kuzivikanwa so "Bronze Age". Kumwe kuferefeta zvakatungamirira kuti netini rakazarurwa, iro rakatanga zvakananga kuwedzera emhangura kubudisa yepamusoro chiwanikwa yokuita maturusi uye zvishongo.

simbi yendarira qualitatively kuvandudza chokupika zvakasiyana siyana maindasitiri, iyo yakanga ine vanhu panguva. Kubvunda zvishoma hwakavandudzika uye vanhu vakatanga kubereka rinokosha ibwe siyana umo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukandwa vakawanda nguva. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakanzi yagadzirwa namahwindo siyana, izvo akabvumira kuti zvombo uye nezvishongo ane kunzwisisa marongerwo uye muenzaniso.

Key Features

kushandiswa kwakapararira izvi zvinhu vagara vandifungira kwayo Muongororo yekutanga. Nokuti wendarira dzinoratidzwa nevamwe zvinhu zvakadai:

• yakakwirira kuramba ngura;
• simba;
• refu azvipire zvemagetsi uye chafariz conductivity;
• yakawedzera nemishonga kupfeka waivako;
• yakaderera coefficient pakati kukweshera acho;
• kwazvo kuita mu yomugungwa nemishonga, panze uye zvakasiyana zvinoita zvokufembedzwa;
• yakakwirira kwevari pamwando nemishonga;
• shungu nokubikwa.

Bronze, ane utsotso tembiricha iri madhigirii anenge 930-1100, ane rakaisvonaka simba uye nemishonga parameters. Kunyanya kana tikaenzanisa pamwe nemamwe alloys zvakafanana.

kupatsanura yendarira

Pasinei nokuti "Bronze Age" iri refu aenda, dzimwe dzakasiyana emashoko anoshandiswa zvevakomana. Pamusoro Kuronga chiwanikwa iri partitioned kupinda marudzi anotevera:

• Tinless (harina gaba);
• gaba.

Boka rokutanga zvakare zvinosanganisira beryllium, aruminiyamu, kutungamirira uye kremnietsinkovy marudzi.

1. nendarira Beryllium - kupfuura nemishonga uye rakasimba chiwanikwa, izvo ayo zvinokosha maitiro kupfuura kunyange yepamusoro simbi pamwero.
2. Kremnietsinkovy chimiro ari yakaumbwa nehurumende ane refu chokubuda unhu.
3. yendarira Lead - mhando chiwanikwa iro rine yepamusoro nemishonga uye isimbe.
4. Aluminum ndarira akasiyana nemamwe marudzi kurwisa makemikari irritants uye kunaka nezvinhu zvakatipoteredza.

Kana yechipiri subspecies zvendarira, netini mhando ndiyo nhasi vaiona inonyanya chakajairika indasitiri, pasinei nokuti mamwe marudzi alloys vakuru ake mumwe maitiro.

Areas mashandisiro yendarira

Kushandiswa chiwanikwa uku kunoyerwa zvayo zvinokosha maitiro. Kazhinji dzendarira kuwedzera siyana okuwedzera zvinoriumba kuti kuchinja maitiro uye mukwanisi mamiriro ayo.

Kana subspecies netini chiwanikwa, rinoshandiswa kubvira kare. Kunyanya dzakakurumbira vakanga siyana bronzes - zvishongo Zvidhori, zvinhu mhuri uye vamwe.

Kuti uvandudze ngura kuramba ari chiwanikwa pamberi, unowedzera nickel, zingi, phosphorus, uye nezvimwe zvakadaro zvinhu. Kazhinji, kwakadaro zvinhu rinoshandiswa nokuita maturusi akasiyana-siyana wekushandisa.

Aluminum uye kremnietsinkovy mhando anoshandiswa, ave mutemo, kuti asike mabasa ounyanzvi.

Kubvunda ndarira pamba

Munyika yanhasi raitaura mishonga iri maererano chiwanikwa. Kuitira kuti chero kushongedzwa kana nyaya mumba, zvinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo zvinhu zvakadai huru unhu, iro rine yendarira, - utsotso tembiricha kwemashoko etc. In zvinotevera raida zvinhu sezvo ebetsero namano .:

• Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist;
• pingisi;
• zimbe;
• choto rutsigiro raida tembiricha siyana;
• norunyanga;
• kuumba yekumorwa;
• haka.

Kutevedzana Kuva kwacho

1. The Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist akateya mamwe nezvidimbu zvesimbi, uye iye akaisa muchoto. Ipapo akaisa kudziyisa controller, uye ndarira, ane utsotso tembiricha zvinoenderana ayo constituent okunze, rwunotanga kuchinja chimiro.
2. Zvadaro, mukuru Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist anoenda kubva muchoto achishandisa chirauro pacharo uye chiwanikwa yakadururirwa rakagadzirirwa chakuvhuvhu.
3. Bronze, ane utsotso tembiricha achiri pasi, anobvumira kuti kutsiva pamusoro muffle vira autogenous kana blowtorch.

A yakafanana kutevedzana zvakakodzera basa nevamwe alloys emhangura. Sezvo, somuenzaniso, ndarira uye ndarira utsotso pfungwa iri pamusoro chete siyana - 930-1140 uye 880-950 madhigirii, ukuwo.

matanho okudzivirira

simbi utsotso kumba hazvirevi kuti zvinogona kuitwa nyore mune chokugara nharaunda isina kurambidzwa. Nokuti Kudzingwa yendarira achada ari oga muimba, vatori anoita basa rinofanira vakagadzirira zvose zvakafanira kuti muitiro michina uye pachake unodzivirira michina. Workshop kuva vakagadzirira pamwe kushanda moto chokudzimisa, asi nzvimbo pachayo haigoni kuchengetwa zvinobata moto zvinhu uye zvinhu.

Mukuwedzera, kunyunguduka yendarira anonzi zvinorwadza zvakakwana muviri, saka kuti zvose mumatanho zvakakodzera kuti nzira inofanira chete kuva takagadzirira murume.

chaiwo nguva

For siyana vachikanda marata zvigadzirwa vanofanira kupa kupfuura ndarira nokuti inonyunguduka nyore kupfuura nendarira. Kana midziyo, zviri nani kuti sarudzo nenzira iri Kukuru Mukutonga kwechiFascist rakagadzirwa Ceramics nevhu, sezvo vari zvakawanda wakanyatsokodzera kushanda chiwanikwa ichi.

Vashoma remelting yendarira yekare vanofanira kunzi zvakakosha kungwarira kunyanya nzira iyi, sezvo kwayo akafanana vangave Arsenic.

Zvinofanira kufungawo uwandu nouipi, yakaitwa yendarira. Utsotso pfungwa mashoko zvichienderana kuti zvingasiyana yekudyidzana. Nokuti gaba chiwanikwa zviratidzi vari mukati 900-950 madhigirii, nepo netini isina kuchidiwa pamusoro 950-1080.

Bronze ane chiwanikwa ndarira kuwedzera siyana vasiri ferrous simbi. Ichi acho nemishonga, noukukutu uye kuramba ngura rikurumidze. Kare, nendarira aishandiswa kugadzira siyana zvokushandisa, zvishongo, zvombo uye zvivezwa, uye pari chiwanikwa iyi vawedzera nedzimwe simbi kuwana chaiyo maitiro. With ichi aruminiyamu yendarira rinoshandiswa zvaAtemisi siyana muridzo unoridzirwa zvikamu uye ndege, silicic - mu navigation, phosphoric uye - nokuda siyana inamatsime uye magetsi nhengo.