Chii chinokuita mukaka? How kuti mukaka?

Mukaka - ndiwo mumwe zvokudya inokosha. Ndizvo sei hunhu, kuti kubvira pazuva upenyu rokutanga, vachangozvarwa uye vaduku mhuka vanopiwa mukaka chete. Rine ose anodiwa zvinhu kuti dzose upenyu kukura muviri. Asi chavawo mukuru, munhu asingadi kurega mukaka. Tinoshandisa sechiratidzo mu-mhando, uye kupatsanurwa (yakaviriswa akabika mukaka, yogati, ruomba, anovava ruomba, koteji chizi, ruomba). Kune mukaka wose uye kuderedzwa mafuta, vatsva uye ikavhunduka, Ipwa uye yakaoma .... Uye kana yakavira mukaka chigadzirwa zvikuru kana zvishoma zvakajeka, ipapo okupedzisira mbiri kukwezvwa yakawanda kufarira, kunyanya vana. Zvirokwazvo zvishoma mukuchema pestering iwe mubvunzo: "? Chii chinoita mukaka" Nyaya ino achaedza kuwana mhinduro yacho uye kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro chigadzirwa yaizivikanwa kubva pauduku.

Chii chinoita aripo mukaka

Chokwadi, kana uchifunga nezvazvo, mubvunzo "Chii chinoita mukaka" zvinoita upenzi. Asi chete sokuti. Chokwadi, munhu wechisikigo zvigadzirwa vasiri kutaura. Chimwe chinhu - a mukaka yakatengwa. Ko sei? mubvunzo kwakadaro kubva mumaguta mbudzana muromo zvinogona kunzwika kazhinji, uye ipapo haana kunetseka. Kutaura zvazviri, zviri zvakafanana mukaka, zviri chinogadzirwa chete usati kuwana tafura yedu. Vamwe anonyengera vagadziri vanogona sanganisa nemvura uye kuwedzera mafuta muriwo, kuwedzera ayo mafuta kugutsikana. Asi ichi ndicho apo neapo. Vazhinji mukaka yakaitwa kubva dzinongoitika mbishi zvinhu.

mamiriro

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vanhu akashandiswa havadyi chete mukaka - mune dzimwe nzvimbo inotengwa kubva hadzi yenondo, mbudzi, mares, nyati, ngamera. Makemikari anoumba zvigadzirwa izvi Chokwadi, zvinosiyana. Tinotarisa mhou, sezvo vakawanda pamusoro petafura edu aripo. Saka, unosanganisira vanenge 85% mvura, 3% mapuroteni (anonzi casein), mukaka mafuta - 4.5% kusvika 5,5% shuga mukaka (lactose), uyewo mavhitaminzi uye zvicherwa. Dairy mafekitari mafekitari apo vanoita mukaka (chaipo - kupatsanurwa), teererai kukuru mafuta tigutsikane uye mapuroteni kugutsikana. Apo kutanga zvinhu dzakakwirira mafuta ruomba rukuru zvibereko, uye puroteni inokosha iri zvaAtemisi chizi uye siyana chizi.

How kuti mukaka fekitari uye dheri miti

On the echiShinto zvakawanda zvakachengetwa, unogona nguva dzose kuwana mukaka. Asi usati wasvikako, izvozvo chinogadzirwa. Zvakakodzera adzivirire chigadzirwa. Chokwadi, kubatsira ehupfumi warasika, asi vamwe yasara. Funga azvaiitwa muhurongwa. The mbishi mukaka iyo akasvika chirimwa, iri kutanga dzaserera uye ipapo homogenized. Homogenization zvakafanira kuitira kuti kana kuzadza mukaka muhomwe pamusoro pemvura aitsigira cream. Kutaura zvazviri, mukaka uyu mafuta riri rimwe homogenizer rinopatsanurwa kuita marozari duku, akagovera noruvara yose guru mukaka. Izvi kunonatsiridza palatability pokutangira zvinhu, kunonatsiridza digestibility kwayo. Izvi zvinoteverwa Kupisa kurapwa (zvichidikanwa kuti decontamination romukaka, nokuti inogona kuwanikwa kwete chete tusingaoneki anobatsira, asi zvirwere) - iyi pasteurisation, mbereko kana Ultra-pasteurization.

Mhando chafariz kurapwa

The inonyanya nzira kuva wokutanga. Ndiye kupfuura munyoro uye anobvumira kuchengetedza kwete kunaka uye kunhuwidza, asiwo kubatsira ehupfumi. Uyezve, pashure pasteurization mukaka rwokuchengeta yakareba kupfuura dzose. In indasitiri ano kuramba vakatanga kushandisa Ultra-pasteurization. Nzira iyi zvakasiyana zvapfuura kushandisa ultrahigh tembiricha. Chokwadi, hakusi zvachose kubatsira ehupfumi. Mbereko zvakare zvizere nokubata pachiteshi pamatunhu tembiricha. mukaka ichi inochengeterwa wakarebesa (kusvika 6 mwedzi, kana kunyange kusvika gore). Kazhinji, pashure kupisa kurapwa kunofanira achizadza mupurasitiki midziyo kana mupurasitiki uye Implementation kuburikidza retailers.

About mukaka

Kunze kwakajairika mukaka, pachine akaoma. Zvichida kwete tose tinoziva sei kuti mukaka. Kokutanga pamusoro chigadzirwa ichi pakuzivikanwa se kure kare 1832, apo Russian kemisiti, M. Dirchov nheyo kugadzirwa ake. Kutaura zvazviri, mubvunzo: "Chii chinoita mukaka?" Mhinduro nyore: dzinongoitika mhou. Masero ane mbiri danho kwacho. In mukaka rekutanga kusimbiswa dzakakwirira kumanikidzwa apparatuses. Next, kunoguma musanganiswa chikapwa chaihwo namano. Zvinoguma upfu chena - ndiko upfu mukaka, kwete ayo vakasara yakaoma, hwakaraswa 85% cheBhuku kwayo (mvura). The chete mukana chigadzirwa ichi pamusoro mukaka wose mukana okuchengetera-refu. Plus, zvinotora kumusoro chiduku, izvo zvinokosha chaizvo panguva chokufambisa. The Kuronga mukaka upfu kwakafanana kuti ichifamba, panongova hapana mvura. Chii chinoita upfu mukaka, iye zvino pachena. We avapo kushandiswa kwayo.

Where kushandisa upfu mukaka

How kuti mukaka weupfu, takazoziva, zvino onai apo rinoshandiswa. Kakawanda, chinoremedza munzvimbo pasina mukana kuwana hwakasimba dzinongoitika chigadzirwa. The upfu iri nyore zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura inodziya (a inorwara 1 kusvika 3), uye pashure paizvozvo zvimwe zvinangwa. Uyewo, mukaka ndiyo hwaro kugadzirwa mwana zvokudya (mufushwa mukaka Porridge) uye chikafu vechidiki mhuru. The chigadzirwa anogona kuwanikwa akasununguka kumusika.

About kubikwa mukaka

Pane rumwe rudzi ichi chinokosha chigadzirwa nokuda kwevanhu - kubikwa mukaka. Vazhinji vedu tiri pamwe kushamisika sei kuti zvakabikwa mukaka. musiyano wayo kubva yose iri akasiyana kuravidza pasteurization uye kuvapo creamy. Kwacho ndiko mufananidzo inotevera: mukaka yose hwakakanyiwa ruomba kuwana zvakawanda chikamu mafuta ari inosimbisa 4 kana 6% (izvi inonzi normalization). Ipapo musanganiswa yakanga homogenized (pamusoro muitiro yambotaurwa) uye pasteurization pamwe kwenguva refu uchinzwa (maawa anenge 4 panguva tembiricha kuti 95-99 ° C). Kana feedstock ichi nguva nenguva akamutsa kwayo pamusoro aumbwa firimu kwemapurotini uye mafuta. Kuti tembiricha refu uchinzwa rinozadzisa chimiro ruomba -colored (mukaka shuga vachishingaira interacts pamwe amino acids pakupedzisira kuumbwa melanoidin nokupa munhu Hue). Kwokupedzisira nhano - kutonhora uye bottling mumidziyo anofadza mukaka. Ndizvo zvose uchenjeri. It Tinofanira kuonawo kuti kubvira toplenki (atumidzwa kwakadai mukaka dzakakurumbira) zvibereko ryazhenka katyk uye (kana zvakasiyana gadziriro mbiriso pakupedzisira vakawana zvinobata mukaka chigadzirwa chiine kusachinja-chinja uye kunaka zvakabikwa mukaka).

About skim mukaka

Kakawanda iri romukaka dhipatimendi muzvitoro unogona kuwanikwa kavha ne akanyorwa "mukaka skim". Chii? Kutaura zvazviri, zviri zvakajairika mukaka, mumwe mafuta-akasununguka, kureva pasina cream. Kazhinji, asi chikamu mafuta haasi kupfuura 0.5%. Uye sei yakaderera-mafuta mukaka? Vakawana takaparadzana yawo yakasimba chigadzirwa chaihwo mano - separators. Pane anowanikwa kuparadzana ruomba nomukaka nokuda Centrifugal simba. Zvinoguma yakaderera mafuta emura.

Zvezvinotaurwa skim mukaka

On a romukaka kavha nguva dzose zvinoratidza chaiyo mafuta uye mapuroteni ari chigadzirwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kuwana mukaka ane mafuta zviri imwe mhou hazvibviri. Nhamba iyi haisi chete kunyange mhou nenguva dzakasiyana. Sevaeni vane tsika dzavo uye zvinodiwa kuti normalize skim mukaka kuwana mugumisiro zvaaida mafuta kugutsikana (2,5%, 3.2% kana 6%). Uyewo, mukaka rinoshandiswa kuti pagadzirwe yakaderera-mafuta yogati, koteji chizi kana yogati. Unogona kutenga nayo mumapepa muchimiro chero chitoro. Zvinokosha, Chokwadi, isingadhuri kupfuura dzose.

On mukaka uye kushandiswa kwayo zvinogona nokusingaperi kutaura. Ndosaka isu kubva pauduku, nguva dzose akati: "Inwai mukaka - ndiwo anobatsira chaizvo." Uye ichokwadi, kuchitanga hwedu - pakarepo pashure kuberekwa kwemwana chokwadi rinoshandisirwa muchipfuva, saka kuti akagamuchira mugove zvinovaka colostrum rokutanga. Nemhaka mukaka waamai ari mwana kunosimbisa zvirwere, mwana inokura uye anovandudza. Chinotoshamisa kusiyana kuti mumwedzi upenyu chokutanga, kwazvo ichiita zvinodiwa mwana mumvura, zvokudya, mavhitaminzi uye zvicherwa. Chokwadi mumwe wedu akaona kuti Achishandisa muviri utano uye zvakakodzera nguva dzose mukaka uye mukaka zvigadzirwa. Yaikura vana inobatsira chaizvo chizi, rine zvakawanda calcium, zvinodiwa kuti mapfupa kukura uye meno utano. vanachiremba vakwegura vanotiwo kuti zvinyorwe zvaunodya mukaka, nokuti mapfupa iyi muupenyu nokukurumidza vanorasikirwa karusiyamu. Like kana kwete, chigadzirwa ichi hunokosha. Munyaya ino, isu akatarira, kubva chii kuita mukaka, izvo zviri anoona kuvapo pane zvinobatsira. Zvirokwazvo iwe wakadzidza chaizvo itsva uye dzinonakidza woga. Stay utano!