Ilyushin 62M: zvekushandisa maitiro, nhoroondo uye mifananidzo

Kana nezvifambiso zvinosvika - ropa chero upfumi munyika, mufambi chokufambisa anogona kunzi "yeplasma" ropa pachayo. The zvinokurumidza uye nani hurumende anokwanisa kufamba vanhu munharaunda yayo, kashoma kuti "backwoods" ndiko, zvinova nyore kuti asimbise kukurukurirana yose wehurumende midziyo. Zvakanaka kuziva muna USSR. Mubayiro basa zhinji IL Edo akava 62M.

Budiriro panguva imwe ndege yakaratidza kuti indasitiri Soviet anogona kwete chete kune kugadzirwa emauto midziyo iri runoshamisa akamboona.

Key Features

The ndege kunoratidzwa necheshure-akatasva injini uye rinokosha kuturika magadzirirwo. Pokuikurukura muna kunozivikanwa OKB Ilyushin uye zvadaro patented munyika pfumbamwe. Iyi yaisanganisira United Kingdom, Italy, France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Japan. Hazvishamisi kuti zvikuru famed IL 62M, nyeredzi pamusoro fuselage, yaiva vimbiso yemhando yepamusoro.

The muchina ane chaizvo pfungwa kugovera vakawanda, saka kuti ayo gobvu ndiro rinenge kufanana ndege pamwe injini pasi bapiro. A pachena chinoratidza IL 62M, hunhu yatiri kukurukura, ndizvo kujairika danho Implementation of vaitungamirira micheto wamapapiro (ari chimiro muromo). Zvinokwanisika nechokwadi kwazvo pakusimba ndege, kusanganisira dzinonetsa pamakona kurwisa. Bapiro zvakare yave kugadzirwa muchishandisa ichangobva decompression michina chokuita rweruzhinji Kuumbwa. Zvinoita kwete chete kuti zviite, asi yekudyidzana kusimbisa yose marongerwo.

Feathering akaita pamusoro redunhu T-zvakaumbwa, uye ayo nouremu dzinokwanisa duku pane zvinenge zvose analogs. Pasinei zvimwe zvikanganiso nzira iyi, Implementation ichi akabvumira kanoverengeka kuvandudza manageability uye rakavimbika muchina mutsva, magadzirirwe chakanga chabviswa zvakare kura uye kwete nguva dzose yakavimbika mhinduro.

Chinotsva Matangi iri yose yokurarama bapiro, kusanganisira nzvimbo chikamu. Ilyushin 62M yakasiyana muduku nokuti kunoita kuti tora mumwe injini akakundikana kubvisa. Fly uye kunyika yakafanana muchina anogona, kazhinji une mbiri akakundikana motokari. Multiple redundancy pakati hurongwa zvose, akakweretwa kubva Aerospace uye uto rwokugadzira, unogona kuvandudza rakavimbika avionics yose pamusoro hurongwa.

Zvikonzero kukura motokari itsva

Kukura mutakurwi uye mitoro chokufambisa muna USSR rechipiri hafu 50-ies, apo kuvhiyiwa vakatanga ndege turbine propulsion. Michina iyi vanobvumirwa kutakura pane imwe nguva huru nhamba nhumbi, uye kuita kuti aigona kuva nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Ichi chaiva chikonzero kuti kubvira 1950 kusvika 1959 bhuku mitoro motokari yakawedzera kamwe munguva gumi.

Hazvishamisi nezvoupfumi uye yevagari avhiyesheni nyanzvi anenge pakarepo akapiwa murayiro nekukurumidza kusika munhu zvakachipa uye vane mwero ndege kuti inoita chokufambisa vanhu uye nenhumbi mukati mundima Union.

Mberi KB Ilyushin

pana CB Ilyushin chete akanga atova noruzivo zvakakwana uye pfuma, asi nokuti aiva nyanzvi ake kutanga kugadzira mutsva mhando ndege. Nechekare muna 1960 iye Ilyushin kuteterera nehurumende USSR zvinganaka pakusikwa muchina, iyo gare gare vakagamuchira zita IL 62M. It aida kushongedzera injini ndege RD-23-600, ane kukura akatungamirirwa unyanzvi SK Tumansky.

Yataurwa Features

Chokutanga, vagadziri vakafunga kuti ndege anogona kutakura 50 kusvika 150 vanhu. Range akanga aronga "pokugara" mukati 4500-8500? Km. Engines vagadziri vaida nenzvimbo muswe muchikamu. Kazhinji, hwaro IL 62M kumumvuri yaiva yokuti IL-18 nhema. Vaishandawo zvokufuridzirwa motokari French "Caravel" wacho nezvenzvimbo stabilizers pa hafu pakakwirira keel.

Sezvo kunyange kudzidzira kufamba chiratidzo nokuda yemberi IL 62M zvakanaka aishanda kunze, Council of Vashumiri USSR kushandisa pfungwa nokukurumidza. Resolution kunosanganisira kukura ndege, izvo upfumi mukirasi yaigona kubhururuka chinhambwe kwete asingasviki 4500 km vane saka 165 zvigaro. nokuumba "hwomutambarakede" pane motokari vomuzana kirasi vakanga inopiwa. Its ndege siyana akanga atova 6700? Km uye 100 ... zvigaro 125 vanhu, ukuwo. Panguva iyoyowo, achitungamirirwa OKB Kuznetsova basa kusika munhu injini idzva NK-8.

marongerwo Features

Kokutanga munhoroondo ndege eSoviet akasarudzwa zano pamwe muswe-injini. Izvi hazvina kuitwa netsaona. Chokwadi ndechokuti somugumisiro kushandisa ichi zvakagadzirwa mhinduro aigona kuwana "zvakachena" bapiro ane aerodynamics zvakaisvonaka. maitiro aya Zvinokosha kuti ndege, iyo aifanira kusunungura kunyange pamusoro refu mugwagwa anomhanya nyika mhepo.

Uyezve, vanoronga kwakadaro kunosanganisira vanomhanyisa zvakawanda hwakavimbika uye nyore chikwidzo kurova-rova. Kwakapiwa kuti injini vakanga riri panguva rebei kubva tangi, zvinoshamisa zvakawedzera kuchengeteka vatakurwi, kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero pane moto. Uyezve, uyewo kukosha zvikuru ezvinhu enyika kwenguva refu mazambiringa, yekudyidzana akaderedza ruzha mumatunhu ari mufambi mupanda, uye yakanga yava kusvika razero inokanganisa ndege mamiriro ichibviswa ndege inoumbwa zvikuru yakakwirira tembiricha magasi.

Sezvo simba miti dziri sezvo pedyo sezvinobvira kuti longitudinal akabatana ari fuselage, zvaigoneka kurerutsa mugumisiro ane zvikuru ngozi Yaw zvazvingava, izvo zviri kukonzerwa kukundikana rimwe Motors. Pakupedzisira, izvi chete zano kunosanganisira Kurambwa muswe zvakanyanyisa guru, izvo zvinogona kuderedza zvinonyatsorehwa kurema motokari (mu dzidziso).

Nhasi tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti pakagadzwa mutakurwi ndege Tu - okupedzisira asi kwete kupfuura kukosha OKB Ilyushin. Kuti vanachiremba of Bureau kokutanga mudzimai ndege haina chete dziri zvesimbi itsva pfungwa kukura, asi akauya nayo pakukwana.

Zvazvakashatira marongerwo itsva

Asi pakanga vari shanduro muswe injini nekuipira, zvimwe zvakanga chaizvo chinokosha. Chekutanga, nendege gobvu achapedzisira achiri yakawedzera sezvo vaifanira zvakare kuwedzera rose muswe chikamu. Mukuwedzera, namapapiro havasi waburuswa Motors (vanobvumira kuti kuderedza atinosangana ari acho).

Chechipiri, nokuti placement pakati michini saka kure, chaifanira yekudyidzana kuwedzera yose mafuta zvokushandisa, izvo ane kunambwa zvinonyatsorehwa rakavimbika magadzirirwo. Pakupedzisira, nokuda "nahlobuchivaniya" injini pamusoro muswe, rinooneka zvakachinja yose inogara ndege, iyo akapawo zvakawanda nematambudziko sezvo vagadziri uye vatyairi avo vakavhura ndege.

Sei Dunhu iri asi vakagamuchirwa?

All nyaya iri fananidzo zvakanaka uye kunaka nguva. Kana mainjiniya ngarira muudzame drafts zvirongwa IL 62M, hunhu zvakanga budiriro nguva yaro, vachiri kutora chisarudzo chakanaka pamusoro kushanda kugadzirwa shanduro pamwe necheshure-vakatasva injini. Hazvina kunaka kuti zvakaitika pashure zvikuru gakava. Uye nyanzvi vanogona kunzwisisa kuti kuziva zano iri, taifanira kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda akaoma marongerwo.

Saka, kunyanya nokuti IL 62M (mês iri kunyanya vaikoshesa) wakasika rakasiyana kufamba hurongwa iyo unokubvumira kunyika ndege uye kupfuura rwakashata ekunze uye Meteorological ezvinhu. Kokutanga zvachose kwangoitwa kudzora mamiriro yave kushandiswa, izvo kuti ndege rakakura kudai uye kukwanisa, kunyange nhasi, hachisi chinhu munhuwo. Highest Kuvimbika uye nyore - Ndivo chinosiyanisa zvaiva IL 62M. USSR (86,513 pepuranga - rimwe shoma inosuruvarisa kunze) rave kamwe zvakare vakakwanisa kuumba here nyore asi rakaisvonaka motokari.

Key waivako unhu

• Full mapapiro mamita - 43.2.
• The zvachose nzvimbo bapiro pamusoro, m² - 279,55.
• Kunonyanyisa kureba fuselage, m - 53,12.
• Huru muviri urefu, mamita - 49,00.
• Avhareji kureba dzimba mamita - 12.35.
• Tsvaira bapiro ° - 32,5 ° (25% of Chord mutsetse).
• Kunonyanyisa ndege chikuva,? Km - 10 000-11 050.
• The kunonyanyisa ndege uremu, matani - 161.6 (165/167 kubva okunatsiridza).
• Base chassis mamita - 24,48.
• Kunonyanyisa Track chassis mamita - 6.8.
• Cruising havukavu - 850 km / h.
• Kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza - 870 km / h.
• kukwirira pasirin'i makiromita - 12.

Ndoupi musiyano pakati muchina ne indekisi "M" kubva ayo vamutangira?

ndege izvi, izvo nyore nadzurudzo of IL-62 turbofan injini vane D-30KU. Vane zvakawanda mari uye nani zvinoenderana dzakawanda nemitemo mumunda kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza. Keel uye stabilizers rakapiwa pakati michina iyi yakanaka maererano aerodynamics, chimiro. Nokuda kugadzwa itsva Thando mudziyo mainjiniya vaigona kuderedza mhepo kuramba panguva kutiza. By kuwedzera mano ose onboard mafuta hurongwa, michina izvi zvinogona kuita yakareba ndege.

Uyewo, vamwe ndege zvokushandisa, ndege magadzirirwo akawedzera mamwe zvemagetsi yave kutsiviwa. Uyezve, vanhu vakawanda zvikumbiro kubva vezvikepe, emazuva ano mhepo-kutonhodza wemuTesitamende mberi rakawedzerwa. It vabvumirwe kuderedza mwero kuneta kuti vezvikepe munguva refu ndege, kunyanya pamusoro dzakawanda pakutengeserana.

In mhedziso

The motokari yave kakawanda akaedzwa kuti zvaidiwa zvose dzakawanda nemitemo. Kusvikira zvino IL 62M, Salon iyo inozivikanwa zvemo yakawanda USSR, vakavhura zvose mukati munyika uye dzakawanda pakutengeserana. Kokutanga munhoroondo Russian vehurumende ndege, vakawanda ndege idzi dzakanga kugadzirwa kuti ekisipoti, uye dzimwe nyika vaisarudza risi ndege izvi nokuda kwayo mumhuri motokari. Ndiyo nyaya IL 62M ndege.