Cathedral of Santa Maria Del it fiore muFlorence: photo, akitekiti, mukati

Independent vashanyi Pandakangosvika Florence, mumabhuku zvakasimba kutokurudzira kushanyirwa, kunze nzvimbo Señor, weTestamende Bridge uye Uffizi Palace, kupfuura akakurumbira uye kucherechedzwa aikosha ichi chinoshamisa Italian guta-miziyamu - the Cathedral Santa Maria Del it fiore. Photos uye mifananidzo iyi mapurani Paaidzidzisa uchatova nokusingaperi kuona. Uye mifananidzo aya kakawanda kuitwa mhepo sezvo gobvu zvivako kumativi temberi haabvumiri kuwana pakona kodzero andobata zvose. Asi zviri nani zvikuru kupfuura mapikicha vachaona Cathedral ruoko rokutanga - kana kuisa zuva gilds dzvuku mazibota zvinyoronyoro kana apo Italian vherevheti usiku anotungidza mwenje yevedza jekeso. Izvi chechi ine mupfumi, nhoroondo dzinonakidza uye chiratidzo. Mumoyo Florence Renaissance shasha Titans akasiya mucherechedzo wake ibwe.

Nhoroondo Cathedral

Plans kuvaka temberi huru guta racho, rakagamuchirwa pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nematatu. Asi haugoni kuti Cathedral Santa Maria Del it fiore muFlorence yakavakwa kubva muvare. Paiva chechi chiduku Saint Reparate. Uye yakakurumbira Florentine Basilica rakasiyana nemamwe pakuti akatanga ivakwe apo rapfuura chivakwa yakanga isati yaparadzwa. Holy Reparata kusvikira pakuguma remakore rechigumi nematatu kwainzi ari aidzivirira muguta. Izvi Semi-womungano. Young mhandara kubva Palestine kwave kuchiita siyana rakanatswa kurwadziswa utsinye Romans kuti kuzvipira kwavo kuna chiKristu muzana III remakore. Church of St. Reparata yakavakwa anenge muzana remakore rechitanhatu. Asi zviri zvakare kwete Vacuum. Kare pane temberi yechihedheni vakamira. Pakutanga kwezana chiKristu vake divi baptistery yakavakwa (rubhabhatidzo neophytes nzvimbo). Zvinozivikanwa kuti kumativi kereke kumakuva raiva. Late muzvizhinji tombstones nguva hwakatamisirwa miziyamu temberi.

Medieval megalomania?

Chinhu chokutanga zvinoshamisa vashanyi vanouya kuna Duomo - Church, chiri kukura. Baptistery uye Campanile (bhero shongwe) zvakaparadzana, kunyange dziri mapurani kunzwisisa. Asi temberi Zvechokwadi zvinoshamisa kuti ayo hofori ukuru. Chii, megalomania apo zvakadai? Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu, tinofanira kuyeuka kana vakavaka Cathedral Santa Maria Del it fiore. Florence pakutanga pakati XIII remakore akasangana kubudirira mune zvoupfumi uye kwakauraya ushasha pakati dzomumaguta chinoda. Zvino predominated kwete Italy, asi kunyange yose Western Europe. Kutaridza hutungamiri kwayo (zvikurukuru zvikuru vorongerwa ayo - Siena uye Pisa), uye kwakasarudzwa kuvaka kupfuura panguva iyoyo Church uye chikuru Campanile. Maererano zano, kereke yakanga rokubata hafu yevagari venyika madhorobha Tauriranai, izvo panguva iyoyo zvakanga zvasvika kusingaenzaniswi zvikuru - mapfumbamwe zviuru vanhu. Sechivako chikero kwakadaro akashora unyanzvi Ages mapurani. Iye yakagamuchirwa Arnolfo od change, yakakurumbira mapurani, ane Chirongwa Florence akanga atorwa Akamisa Palazzo Vecchio uye Mutsvene Cross Church.

Cathedral of Santa Maria Del it fiore: akitekiti

Kuvaka Church chechi yaiva nyaya nomukurumbira. Chivako aifanira kuva inokosha. Naizvozvo, murongedzeri Arnolfo kumboenda kure kubva Gothic seakafuridzirwa, akarayira kuvaka zvivako matsvene muchimiro muchinjikwa Latin. Nokudaro, pamusoro chechi afanane tsamba "T". Mapurani akabatana muchinjikwa Latin ane centric yeraundi, iyo korona nzvimbo. naves matatu zvayaiyeuka nokuda nevakawanda munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva mbiru. With tariro yeraundi uye pamusoro pearitari chapero iri transept. Di change akanga asingakwanisi kuona kuzadziswa yevana vavo. Akafa muna 1302, uye Cathedral Santa Maria Del it fiore, uyo aikoshesa urongwa kwenguva refu dzikava isingachashandiswi kuvakwa nguva. The guta nyore ndisina mari yakakwana kuti chinzvimbo chirongwa. Exit kubva mari dambudziko yakawanikwa 1330: nenzira inoshamisa muKereke Reparate "vakawana" zvisaririra Saint Zenobia, uye pashure pegore basa recommenced.

inozvikudza vatsivi

Vaichengetedza "chirongwa remakore" yazova simba vaitengesa chitoro mbava (Arte Lana della). Iye vakaripira mumwe asi yakakurumbira painter uye akitekiti Giotto. Asi tenzi yakanga yakanyanya chinzvimbo kuti pave mugadzi urongwa. Akatanga kuvaka Campanile. Paakafa (1337), chete yakaderera uriri kwayo yakavakwa. Zvino kuzodzosera ndakadaro basa kwemakore gumi nemaviri yakafanira kune Great Black Dambudziko. Muna 1349, kuti Baton chikuru mapurani Francesco Talenti akatora pamusoro, uyo achiri vakakwanisa kupedza shongwe. Muna 1359 kuvaka yakanga inotungamirwa Dzhovanni Di Lapo Ghini. Zvino dzimwe nguva. Cathedral of Santa Maria Del it fiore muna Florence achinja zvakawanda ezvivako. Uye vose vakanga "vaine zita." Tinoziva vatenzi akadai Giovanni d'Ambrodzho, asiwo Alberto Arnoldi, uye waZerubhabheri Di Foravante uye Andrea Orkanya ... By 1375 pakupedzisira namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara yakare sangano St. Reparate, uye muna 1380 kudzidza huru petemberi. Asi France echivako chacho rakapera ... chete namapfumbamwe remakore.

Dome

Sezvambotaurwa, kune Cathedral Santa Maria Del it fiore yakavakwa vose dzimwe gothic, zvivako zvakafanana uye kenduru kwaari zvakanga zvisina kunaka. Zvechokwadi, kereke chikuru Florence pakureba uye makubhiti mashanu chete muduku kuMilan wakakurumbira Al Duomo (153 vs. 158 m). Maererano zano mapurani von sanaristikko, kuti yeraundi yaiva nekorona nzvimbo. Asi Cathedral yakanga yakadaro podbannik yakakura kuti imwe nguva havana kuzoshinga kutanga basa musi kwayo pakusikwa. Yakanga chete muna 1420 nokuti chinetso vanobva murongedzeri huru Brunelleschi. Iye zvinganaka kuguta kanzuru octagonal rising hurongwa ezvidhinha. Izvi gothic Arch chimiro aifanira kuroorwa decoration Lantern. Work rakaoma nemupristi kukwira uye kuti wakakwira haasi amire pasi uye zvakabatanidzwa hunyambiri madziro Church. Somugumisiro, pashure pemakore 15 nayo dzikaita chiedza, ichikwira rising mamita 42 kureba, iyo zvino anosarudza mashoko maitiro siluetti kuti Florence.

mukati

On the kugadzirira mufambi zvinoita ane zvakawanda mwoyo - the Cathedral Santa Maria Del it fiore muFlorence. Photos temberi kazhinji vanouratidza yaro kwokunze kushongedzwa akapfuma. Zvisinei, mukati kungangova, zvichienzaniswa kuti France mapurani sokuti murombo. Rinotaura iri Russian mufambi namanomwe remakore - a PA Gobvu. Iye anonyora kuti "chechi mukuru kwazvo wakanaka uye unoshamisa", asi mu "hapana ngowani kwete." Zvinogonekawo kuti pfungwa iri wakasika kubudikidza Kusiyana nemachechi Orthodox. Hongu, uye vashanyi ano vanoti chechi chakafanana neatly akaita kasiketi, ndiro chinhu mukati. Vatsoropodzi kuonawo kuti kunze Church rakanga pasi canons ava kunopera Italian Gothic. The mukati akava pachimiro kupfuura ushingiwo zvinoyevedza kwacho Renaissance vanatenzi. Paul Temple anoitwa zvachose yemabhura. Aritari huru chakagadzirwa chinu uye yakashongedzwa mifananidzo. Masters akashandisa mhando dzakasiyana yemabhura (girini, chena uye Pink), kuti vabudirire dzinongoitika kutamba wechiedza. Renaissance Zvinovheneka zvakasikwa uye kwazvo Stained magirazi mahwindo.

Campanile

Kushandisa chokwadi kuti pakuvaka bhero inodarika pakanga pasina yakajeka seakafuridzirwa Giotto zvakakwana yakaratidza tarenda yake tenzi. Iye akataura kuti zano guta maviri mutinhimira rectangular shongwe, rakakomberedzwa divi buttresses. Pamadziro openwork akasika vavafadze kunokwana mahwindo kaviri. Mukuwedzera, pamadziro ose bhero shongwe vari lavishly yakashongedzwa siyana zvivezwa uye inlays. Kunyange tenzi guru akafa pakutanga basa, vamwe vanatenzi zvakajeka vakanamatira ake kuronga uye vanodhirowa. Somugumisiro, "Giotto kuti Campanile" anozivikanwa kupfuura munyika kupfuura ini Cathedral of Santa Maria Del it fiore, izvo iye anopinda.

baptistery

Zvinozivikanwa kuti baptistery aivapo kare muna 897 gore, kunyange pamberi pakuvaka Kereke Saint Reparate. Zvadaro baptistery akamira kunze temberi kunamata, uye Cathedral Santa Maria Del it fiore hakuna anosara. Modern Kutarira baptistery chakakonzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Yakavakwa muna 1059 madziro zana vakanga atarisana mavara machena. Muviri mumwe tende chakavakwa ari XII remakore. Renaissance baptistery akapa masuo matatu endarira uye machena zvivezwa pamusoro pavo. Uye pamusoro pokukudzwa christening munoshongedza Florentine dzakanakisisa vavezi vemabwe vakarwa makwikwi Tuscany. Kuvaka pave venhema pfungwa ine nhurikidzwa nhatu, asi chokwadi pane mbiri chete siyana. Chikonzero ichi zvingori mumaziso ndiye kwokunze rusvingo cladding machena.

Temberi neguta

Kwete chete kukura uye mapurani ounyanzvi, asi nhoroondo yaro zvinoshamisa kuti Cathedral Santa Maria Del it fiore. Florence, nhoroondo yacho kwemazana emakore hunonyatsobatana netemberi yaro huru. Vakawanda zvikuru munhau zvakaitika masvingo aro. Pano akaita kuparidza kwake kupfidza Savonarola. Mutemberi iyi vakaurayirwa chigaro munin'ina memukuru Florence, Lorenzo ari Zvikuru - Dzhuliano Medichi. Zvino crypt of Church akawana kunyaradzwa nokuda Giotto, munyori ari Campanile uye Brunelleschi - musiki rising.