Petr Berngardovich Struve: Biography, pfungwa, mupiro evanhu

Petr Berngardovich Struve (1870-1944) - mumwe dzepamusorosoro Russian voruzhinji uye enyika. Zvaanoda zvinosanganisira dzezvoupfumi, nhau, nhoroondo uye uzivi.

Petr Berngardovich Struve: pfupi Biography

Akaberekerwa mumhuri Berngarda Struve, uyo aiva gavhuna Perm, Peter dzidzo yakanaka.

chikoro chake chokutanga chaiva chesekondari muSt Petersburg. Shure jaya vakasarudza kusiya musha nevabereki uye vanogara mumba AM Kalmykova akatsiva mai vake, akaenda University mu chete guta. Pakutanga, Petro akashanyira rorusununguko sayenzi zvakasikwa, ipapo (pashure rimwe gore) vakapfuura Mutemo.

chido chake Marxist dzidziso raiva simba saka, izvo zvakaita sangano munhu Category denderedzwa. The yunivhesiti Petr Berngardovich Struve akadzidza kusvikira 1894, panguva yaakanga akashanyira Austria, apo akanga purofesa wemagariro evanhu L. Gumplowicz. Zvakanga pano kuti Petro akanga asarudza kuva Economist.

Kuvamba journalistic mabasa

Nyaya yokutanga, iyo akanyora uye yakabudiswa Petr Berngardovich Struve, rakabudiswa muna rimwe German mapepanhau Social-Democratic paaigara muAustria.

Nokupfupikisa mabasa Struve somunhu publicist, rinogona huviri kutevera mumwe nzendo:

1. Pre-echimurenga. Matsamba, nyaya uye essays, zvakanyorwa pamberi 1907, vaiva nhengo kudzidza uye kutsoropodzwa Marx kuti dzidziso. naivowo vanoratidza Kushanduka pfungwa Peter mumunda dzezvoupfumi uye evanhu.
2. Post-echimurenga. Mitambo Struve iyi yaiva kutamburira kuchengetedza kubatana Russia. Uyewo pachena kutsoropodzwa zvainanga Revolutionary maximalism.

Kazhinji, Current Affairs anoshanda mufananidzo uyu dzinomirira pamwero basa, uchitsanangura uye kuongorora dzimwe pezvakaitwa zvichiitika Russian muvanhu panguva iyoyo, kubva nemaonero evanhu.

Political maonero Struve vavo shanduka

Ndiye kuchitsigira admire pamusoro Marxism achiri muduku, Struve Petr Berngardovich mushure echimurenga zvakaitika 1907 vakasimuka nezvenzvimbo kuchinja liberalism. Muitiro enyika kusanduka besprimeren, asi aenzanise unhu enyika Petro akashanda basa rake dzezvoupfumi, evanhu, philology uye uzivi. Achitaura nezvake, Petr Berngardovich Struve akaona kuti ayo nzvimbo hazvigoni kutsunga Kusimbisa bato-enyika meridians.

Nokuda enyika zvitendero uye kwekuratidzira V. I. Lenin akapa Struve kunaka chaizvo kuongorora izvo sei mukurumbira wayo kwemakore. Munguva Soviet, chirungamutauro munorumbidzirweiko panotaurwa sayenzi evanhu kwave chete mune zvakaipa nenzira, uye basa haina rakabudiswa. Mamiriro chakachinja okupedzisira kwemakore Soviet Union, uye nhasi zvinogona zvakazara akafukidza kwayo kukura uye mupiro kukura nenjere uye enyika nhaka nyika yedu.

Kubva Marxism kune akarurama sangano

The Pfungwa tsvakurudzo kutsiva Marxist maonero anouya idealism kwouzivi uye rupo Rumhangapanga, rwakazokura dzinotyisa kudzivirira Struve Petr Berngardovich. Biography mufananidzo kunosanganisira zvakawanda usage kumubatsira mu pokufumura hurumende yeRussia. Kuti izvi zviitike, kuzivisa imba "Contemporary Review" yakarongwa 1900. Its chikuru basa raiva bhuku magwaro akasiyana-siyana izvo kuti vawirane vane hwechiKomonisiti.

Pashure anotora rutivi mukuratidza guru Peter vakatapwa, aifanira kuenda Tver. Kushandisa mari muparidzi D. E. Zhukovskogo, uyo aiva rusero wake, Struve akakwanisa aronge goho yacho inonzi "Liberation" muGermany. Kuti vawane mvumo kubva wenhau akakumbira rubatsiro kubva kushamwari simba.

Zvisinei, mashoko aisagona kudzivisa kunyorwa mabhuku mabasa nokuda kudzidza nheyo sunungukei mitemo kwouzivi. Homecoming aiva nemakore mashanu chete kana uchishandisa mumwe mafeni, imwe ruregero vachipomerwa enyika akasunungurwa Struve Petr Berngardovich. Biography of muzivi uye wenhau inotevera gumi makore oupenyu, inorondedzera basa rake panguva Polytechnic Institute muSt Petersburg. Aimbova mudzidzisi, mudzidzisi uye muzvinafundo kunoshamisa, pakupedzisira akava mukuru wedhipatimendi enyika upfumi.

Panguva iyi, zvakanyorwa nokuda huru basa upfumi Petro ( "Economy uye Price"), bhuku-siyana iyo akava tenzi wake uye doctorate.

Hondo Bolshevism

The Bolshevik chimurenga akanga Struve kunaka kwazvo mafungiro. Pretty nokukurumidza, mwedzi mishoma zviitiko izvi, Peter Struve uye Berngardovich G. N. Trubetskoy akaenda Don. Pakazosvika nguva vose vakanga nhengo Right Center (pamutemo sangano). Worker vaishingaira munyaya paumbwe Volunteer Army. Ikoko, Peter akazova akasarudzwa nhengo Don vehurumende Council, iro vaiita musangano enyika uye akaita pasi General Alekseev.

Pashure pehondo akamanikidzwa kuita inonzi Ice rutsigiro, Struve akasvika pachivande guru. Akaita mwedzi anopfuura matanhatu kurarama munyika zvisiri pamutemo. Panguva iyi, Peter muchirongwa mubishi rakasikwa mumwe akasimba Anti-Bolshevik pevhu sangano rinonzi "National Center". Place basa pabazi Moscow yeidzi.

Hwaiitika dzvuku zvinotyisa, kushatiriswa chigaro kuedza musi Lenin, mutungamiri amanikidzwa kusiya guru. nzvimbo yake yokuvanda chaiwo Alyatino muna Vologda.

Activity mu Europe

Gare gare, pashure rwendo kuenda kuchamhembe munyika Russia, Struve akakwanisa kuenda Finland. Pano iye AV Kartashov (imwe nhengo pakati) akasangana General N. N. Yudenichem vakabata hurukuro pamusoro sangano rwakashodoka mabasa. Nemhaka kwakarongeka uye vaigona basa nhengo Anti-Bolshevik nemapoka, Yudenich akatungamirira uto-enyika muzinda muFinland.

Petro nzeve yakanga paakavapa ari "Committee Russian kusunungurwa." Sangano iri rakaumbwa muna 1919 uye akashanda kumutsidzirwa Russia, uyewo nokumutsa mukurumbira wayo nezvimwe inoti. Dare raiva zuva reShanduro akadhindwa mapepa kuti zvinoratidzira chaizvoizvo zviitiko Russia. Nokuvumba kukurukura Admiral A. V. Kolchakom uye ake hurumende vakabatsira kuti hurumende ichiisa dzinopiwa nokuti "National Center".

No sekwaserera Struve akashanda apo kugara muFrance akashanda nenhengo "musangano Russian enyika."

Nokuti kuita ake, muzivi uye munyori, akatongerwa nokuda muruvazhe RSFSR kurufu. Pasinei chokwadi ichi, Petro anoenderera mberi pamwe dzaro White vemauto uye tichishingaira journalistic mabasa.

Peter Struve akafa muParis muna 1944, kwaaigara mhuri yake kubva 1942.

muzivi maonero enyika dzidziso

Struve aiva mumiririri dzinonzi pamutemo Marxism muRussia. Izwi iri kazhinji unonzi evanhu kufamba izvo, kubva yokungotaura uye pfungwa nemaonero, anoziva Kururama Marx nedzidziso yake ezvoupfumi chenhau pekusadziviririka ari capitalist hurongwa.

Worker akabvuma capitalist nzira okukura hwenyika sechinhu zvichibvira hwaro upfumi kubudirira Russia. Chinobudirira Implementation evanhu kunoparirwa uye kurimwa mamiriro umo munhu aigona kuva, izvi zvinokosha zvinoita kuti akasarudzwa Struve Petr Berngardovich. Pfungwa mufananidzo uyu ainetseka misimboti kurongwa Bourgeois wehurumende. Struve vakamutora zvikuru rinokosha, achidana kuti "murongi kuti", iro rinogona kubvisa anoitika pasocial hunhu, uyewo ajairane munzanga zveupfumi uye enyika mazwi.

Innovation Peter Struve

Nzira Struve vakaramba zvitatu zvinokosha kuti yaiva dzidziso yenhengo enyika upfumi :

• The basa dzidziso zvinokosha.
• Dzidziso shoma utility.
• Historical School.

Nhamba iyi mumwe wokutanga uyo akashandisa maitiro uye nzira pave hwaro pamusoro iyo akavaka Mapato enyika upfumi. Iye avasarudzira imwe-weDanho matatu nyika ukama:

• Household.
• Off-purazi.
• Socio-zvibereko.

Iyewo ndohwaJehovha okuti kuti zvokuchinja havaendi pakaunda kuti mupenyu tsika vanhu dzaro tsika. Vanofanira kuvaka pamusoro penheyo iyi.

Petr Berngardovich Struve: mupiro evanhu

Zvakakodzera kutaura nevamwe uye zvoupfumi, yakarondedzerwa muzivi. Kwakavakirwa pfungwa dzakadai "mutengo", "upfumi vanobatsirwa", "mari" uye "kukosha." The peculiarity wegadziriro ndechokuti "mutengo" muchikwata yapiwa inokosha chinzvimbo. Mwari akaronga kuti kuvakwa yose socio-upfumi chokwadi. Uyewo chikamu ichi Struve chakagadzirirwa sezvo hwaro zvose socio-zvoupfumi nyora-kure, panguva, sezvo Marx kushandiswa chinangwa ichi, dzidziso pamusoro yemuraudzo ukoshi.

Zvikapa kururamisirwa kudiwa "kuchinja chimurenga" mu Russia - imwe pfungwa huru yakatanga Petr Berngardovich Struve. Wemagariro evanhu inodzidziswa mumayunivhesiti ano, kudzidza dzidziso democratization wokuRussia munzanga, yaida nhamba yacho. Maererano naye, zvaida zvinotevera pfuma:

• Personal mokuwana.
• Chirwere zvinoriumba.
• Chiziva zvinoriumba.
• Nyaya upenyu.
• Cultural uye nhoroondo zviwanikwa.
• Dzichipfekeka mokuwana.

Struve kuti mabasa kukura dzidziso netsika

mupiro wake kumunda mushandi akasuma kuburikidza nokushandisa kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro pachisara vachishandisa mumabhuku. zvifananidzo zvake vaiva Nikolai Leskov, Nikolai Gogol, F. Dostoevsky nevamwe vanyori vakakurumbira. Uyezve, Struve pasi kuongororwa uye basa okusika Pushkin vachimudana akakodzera munhu ari socio-dzezvematongerwo enyika upenyu.
Muzivi vaizviti musimboti kukudzwa kwekudzivirira munhu rusununguko, uyewo kuramba enyika yakatsiga hurongwa uye simba mamiriro simba. Akataura kuti murume Russian tsika - kubatana uye nzira kubatanidza uye kuparara hurumende splochayuschee rudzi. Culture nokuti ine zvakunoreva: kushandiswa zvavo okusika uye kunobatanidza zvinhu. Struve aidavira kuti munzvimbo dzose (basa, enyika, kwemadzinza ukama) kuti akandipa tsika.

mabhuku nhaka

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mabhuku mabasa kuti vakasikwa Petr Berngardovich Struve - 'vakadzidza uye Revolution "(1909). Kutaura zvazviri, basa iri nyaya rwuripowo mubhuku "Milestones".

MuThe Struve, kusanganisira ayo wongororo enyika uye zvetsika zviitiko zvose chinokosha kuitika Russia uye dzimwe nyika, yakabudiswa muna 2004 uye aiva musoro "The Diary dzezvematongerwo enyika."