Steel 20: GOST, features, zvivako uye mafomu

simbi yakachena dzinoratidzwa zvishoma mazita zvivako semubereki simbi uye kwete kufarira zvikuru. Asi inobva alloys vane rakakura zvinogona, zvakakodzera chete yokuziva makemikari anoumba uye kuti yakarurama kupisa kurapwa.

Rakajairika STRUCTURAL steels

simbi All kwakavakirwa nesimbi simbi uye simbi , uye pane zvakawanda kupatsanura. Zvinonzi zvinoberekwa siyana parameters: makemikari anoumba, chinangwa, zviri anokuvadza okunze, simba uye kuoma, mukana wokushandiswa, uye vamwe vakawanda. Construction - vaiva rakajairika kushandiswa. Vamwe vavo vane yezvisikwa maitiro uye vari kuchinjaniswa.

Structural simbi 20 inotaura mukirasi svikiro-kabhoni ane ferrite-pearlite marongerwo. .. Steel quality, kureva, ane akaderedza zviri zvinokuvadza okunze, sarufa phosphorus. No rairambidzwa weldability. The optimum zvaainazvo simba uye ductility ndokuita chinhu-chinja zvinhu nokuda kugadzirwa tubular harikunguruswi zvikamu pasi hwakazotevera thermomechanical uye thermochemical kubudiswa (cementation zingi yakanamirwa pamifananidzo uye chromium ra).

Twenty akawana kushandiswa kwayo

Steel 20, vane ehupfumi zvinogona zvakasiyana mukati rakafara mwero achishandisa kwemakemikari-chafariz, thermomechanical kurapwa chinonyanyodikanwa mu mutopota kugadzirwa kuti vabereke zvikamu aine pose rakaoma uye zvinyoronyoro pakati. Rinogona kuva miseve, sprockets, kuchinjwa, nekiyi dzaro, nezvikorekedzo Cranes, mavharuvhu, machira kuti tsika (Corrugated pepuranga), manatsi uye nemabhaudhi kuti kuwedzera ratyama. Pipe kugadzirwa kubva simbi giredhi rinoshandiswa nokuda kwemashoko magasi, chiutsi, nonaggressive mvura yawapihwa zvaoma. Izvi Zvikwepa superheater, mapaipi, mukuru-kumanikidza boilers uye vateresi.

Kugadzirisa thermochemical kugadzira

Chete muchiso kunogona kuchinja unhu hwavo nokupisa kurapwa. Steel mugwaro 20 rine zvakanaka mapurasitiki ehupfumi, saka nyaya wakagadzirirwa kwazviri nokuda akawanda nzira: Kudzingwa, kutonhora kana kupisa rinopfungaira kana mufanidzo. Pashure kutambira zvinhu vachikanda navo kwemakemikari-chafariz kunokwanisa kuiswa. Chinangwa nzira iyi - kugamuchira yakasimba kusakara rukoko haana kubatwa ngura, mapurasitiki uye nyoro pakati.

To ichi rakapedzwa chikamu anoiswa nenzira yakakodzera ezvinhu (obkladyvaetsya yakaoma carbonaceous fuma anoiswa mune gaseous kana mvura svikiro), uye ipapo akaramba kubva maawa mashomanana anenge 1.5 mazuva pamatunhu tembiricha. Machine zvakadzama panguva ino rinofanira kupedzwa, nekuti mushure thermochemical pakurapa chigadzirwa nechekare vachava wokupedzisira yakarongeka. Eremendi zvinogara pamusoro rukoko mishonga (kubvira 0.3 kusvika 3.0 mm), ukuwo, kuvandudzika ayo mamiriro uye zvivako.

Zvichienderana vakashandisa kurapwa mumiririri anonzi: cyanidation (zinc-ra), carburization (kabhoni), Chrome (Chrome). Carbon chatinopiwa simba, zingi - ngura nemishonga, chromium, kunze vose vakanyorwa, inoita pechiso girazi.

kugadzirisa machine

Kusiyana wambotaurwa nzira kubudiswa iyo rinoitwa chete kupa kwekuoma ari pamusoro rukoko nesimbi uye yomukati mukana wokushandiswa, thermomechanical kubudiswa - mumwe zvinoumba nzira. simbi 20 Zvinogona akaremara somunhu inopisa kana kutonhora muitiro. Kune zvakanakira nekuipira chimwe nechimwe chimiro. Asi vari kushandiswa pachishandiswa kupfuura zvinodiwa ehupfumi.

Hot deformation kushandiswa nyaya kuva rusvingo ukobvu kupfuura 5 mm. Sezvo akaumba oxide pakafunuka uye decarburization microlayer (undesired maumbirwo) kana simbi iri pakutsamwisana Saka kushandisa izvi mhando tikaisa mutete-akavakirirwa zvikamu zvisingaiti. Zvisinei, rine imwe huru paanopfuura chando deformation.

Cold kushanda rinoshandisirwa zvikamu kuva ukobvu asingasviki 5 mm. For chando mufanidzo chete yakakodzera "nyoro" mhando simbi. Panguva tikaisa simbi kaviri inokosha deformation kana kugozha nokuomesa. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuwedzera simba raro uye kuvapo guru kunetseka marongerwo. simbi nokuda masvingo aro dzakatetepa kwakadaro hazvigoni neshungu (kupedza mazororo, t. E. Dzoseraizve chete mamiriro). Zviri tichikurumidza kukuvara zvazvinoita nezvimwe vakagwinya zvinorema. Structural simbi nyere (simbi 20) akasiyana nzira gadzira uye vakawana michina zvinhu kukanganisa kushanda. Vane mamiriro avo zvaanoda pagadzirwe neimwe mhando mutopota, mitemo, midziyo.

Cold akakungurusa musono chubhu Direct

Kurimwa kwacho kunotanga gadziriro simbi zviuno. Nokuti ichi chinangwa, simbi machira dzinobviswa kupinda micheka uye welded kupinda rimwe refu bhandi. Vakashumira tepi iri vachikotama mabhanzi apo anotora chimiro nyere. The danho rinotevera - Welding. Nokuti chero kuvakwa ndiyo dukusa pfungwa. Kuti tikunde zvazvakaipira iyo inomuka apo Welding (pakuonekwa oxides uye kabhoni kurukutika) zvachose zvisingabviri, asi kushandisa dzimwe nzira, inogona kuderedzwa. Kubatanidza simbi 20, achishandisa yemagetsi chinhu chakakombama Welding ari rwokudzivirira inert gasi (argon) kana induction nomoto (mukuru-kakawanda dzenzvimbo). Nenyere kunosvika kunyorerana chidhiraivho weld uye ipapo racherwa zvikamu achida urefu uye zvakachengetwa.

Cold-wakavhomorwa sepombi pamwe zononoka musono

Kugadzirira simbi kubudisa ichi mhando mutopota inodzokorora chete muitiro sezvo kuti sepombi vane ngaatarire musono maonero. Uyewo kufanana: nomoto, rokuongorora uye kuchekerera. Zvakasiyana angled shangu bhandi chete, iyo dzinenge dziine nekutambira musono mutopota achitevedza zononoka munyonga. Nemhaka zvakagadzirwa kwayo zvinhu nzira iyi ndiyo yakasimba. Uye angamira dzakakwirira mitoro pamusoro zororo kupfuura zvinhu izvi zvakananga suture.

musono pombi

Musono pombi kunyanya yakasimba, vane akawanda mikana: havasi kunge welded (simba pfungwa) ari maumbirwo simbi hazvina voltage, chubhu ukobvu haidereri pane 5 mm. Kugadzirwa yavo - zvikuru kwakatooma, uye saka zvinodhura. Steel 20 yakasiyana nedzimwe pakuti sepombi inogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu nzira mbiri - ushamwari uye kupisa mufanidzo.

Hot akakungurusa musono

Pashure kudziyisa pamusoro 1100 ° C vaisona preform ruoko uye rinotsanangura chinhu dhayamita yomukati. Sezvo mberi tichigumisa nenyere adopts zvakafanorongwa dzakawanda kukura, kuruvanze dhayamita uye rusvingo ukobvu. Munguva yose muitiro tembiricha iri yakanyikwa chigadzirwa anoramba kumusoro. Yakanga chete pashure kuitwa kwokupedzisira fomu chubhu inotonhodza. Munguva refu kutonhora kunoitika pazororo anobvisa zvose zvisina zvinokonzerwa rinopfungaira, vakawedzera simba uye fragility. At zvizere kutonhora simbi 20 anowana unhu akanga pakutanga. Izvi chete kunosanganisira zvaAtemisi senyere aine masvingo kwete asingasviki 5 mm uye kufadza ukobvu zvinogona kusvika 75 mm.

chando yakavhomorwa musono

Kusiyana wambotaurwa nzira, tembiricha iri kuchengetwa nuance diki. The preform iri pakutsamwisana asi pashure pokuiswa tembiricha kuboora ruoko haina vakaramba uye preform iri wakavhomorwa Cold ezvinhu. Nzira iyi anosiyana kubva hot-harikunguruswi kuitira kuti zvinokwanisika kubereka hwakasimba nepombi pamwe matete namasvingo, nepo hot-yakanyikwa nzira inopa chete gobvu masvingo. Nzira mbiri idzi ndidzo akafanana kusvikira kwokupedzisira mamiriro, sezvo pashure kutonhora rinopfungaira nenyere pasi normalization umo mamiriro iri zvishoma akadzorerwa, uye uende voltage.

Izvi hazvisi mazita yose zvigadzirwa, izvo kwakavakirwa nhema Steel 20 GOST 1050-74. Kuwedzera zvinodiwa nevanhu, pane pfungwa itsva uye kugadzirwa. Asi muchiso ichi chete anoshandura wawo uye chinangwa, nzvimbo kodzero iripo.