Kusunungurwa Europe kubva Fascism. kusunungurwa European Operations

Vakauya muna 1933 pamwe nebato rake simba muGermany, Adolf Hitler vakaramba Chibvumirano Versailles kurambidzwa, akadzorerwa kuhondo, nokukurumidza muAtlantic Kugadzirwa kwezvombo uye nekutumirwa kwemauto pamusoro muchiuto. Panguva iyo nyika akaita simba utongi gadziriro kunyunyuta kudzvinyirira kuti kugutsikana uye kutumirwa anoparadzirwa yacho exclusiveness yeGermany, izvozvo anopa chikuru pamusoro Aryan rudzi nokudiwa kuzviisa pasi vemamwe marudzi uye marudzi achava kuvazukuru Siegfried. German vakawanda vanonzwa yokuti kubata uye zvoupfumi kuti ndima vamwe vachapa anodiwa mhenyu nzvimbo uye pfuma kuti kukura Germany uye kufambira kuvandudzika muupenyu ose German.

Kusika zvinhu uye pfungwa hwaro utsinye, Hitler yakatanga yehondo yenyika itsva, anokunda vanenge vose Europe, kunze kwayo Satellite nyika, vatsigiri uye kusatsigira nyika (Sweden, Switzerland, Portugal, tsitsi kune vaNazi, iyo Vatican). Yavaibatisa, nehafu European chikamu USSR. VokuGermany vakamhanyira kuna Caucasus, kuMiddle East uye mberi, kuti India.

Asi mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany, pamwe inokosha mupiro USSR ponosshego mukuru Nokurasikirwa, vakakwanisa kuti vavimbezve hondo uye akunda hondo huru, iyo 70 gore iro ichangobva vaipemberera pose. Kusunungurwa Europe yakanga pedyo omubatanidzwa mberi kubva kumabvazuva nokumavirira, achitsigirwa chavagari, dzimwe nguva munyika idzi, Anti-yechiFascist mauto uye zvakachinja maonero ayo anotonga elites vane kusunungurwa kwavo. Zvisinei, yokupedzisira chakaitwa zvichibvira pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu anobudirira tsamwisa Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. Overview zviitiko akapoteredza kusunungurwa Europe, iri akapfupikisa pazasi.

Hondo kuMadokero pamberi pakuvhurwa Front Second

Mumazuva October 1942, British hondo Marshal Montgomery panguva Hondo El Alamein akakunda Italo-German muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano mberi musi Cairo uye neSuez Canal. Kune rimwe divi North Africa (muAlgeria) akasvika nevarwi American General Eisenhower, remangwana purezidhendi USA. Chinokutsimbirirai mativi ose Italian uye German mauto, mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany ikadzikandira kuna Tunisia, uko gungwa chakatsindirwa Sekaiichi mauto vaimanikidzwa kuzvipira. chiitiko ichi chakaitika muna 1943, musi 13 May.

kukunda uku akabvumira reBritain neAmerica muchiuto muna July 1943 kuti kumhara muSicily. Uyewo, Sisiri havana kurega, uye varwi Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa akaramba nechisimba Italy, vakayambuka Gulf Messina tikamira zvakananga pamusoro Apennine kweItari. Izvi akaparirwa dambudziko Italian fascism, uye kubviswa mutungamiriri Blackshirts zvaizopedza Duce Mussolini kubva namagwatidziro zvose, zvichiteverwa asungwa. Hurumende itsva Italy akazivisa hondo Germany, asi kuchamhembe uye nechepakati dzenyika akauya pasi neGermany.

Kugadzirira Panovhurwa itsva mberi mukurwisa Germany, kutsigira zvinhu Huru Britain uye Soviet Union kuti pamwero mukuru novimba ezvinhu muAtlantic. German "mhumhi rongedza" pamusoro Ngarava dzepasi pemvura, ndege, uye pamusoro ngarava Avangard-raiders vachitsigirwa ngarava hombe ichiitwa noutsinye hondo kuvhiringidza Atlantic convoys vatsigiri munzira kugadzirisa dambudziko zvomumvura deblokady Germany. Asi simba masimba avhiyesheni uye US uye UK rengarava muna 1943 kutaura pamusoro kuuya chijana. Saka, muna 1942, ari omubatanidzwa wengarava mauto uye ndege dzavo nokuparadza mazana maviri Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Doenitz Admiral. VokuGermany zvinenge kurega kurwisa convoys uye aivhima zvikepe kuroora kana otbivshimisya stragglers kubva zororo.

Kutanga kusunungurwa Europe mauto eSoviet uye nevatsigiri ayo pamusoro Eastern Front

Pakazosvika 1944, vakasiya shure inokosha hondo, iyo yakava yakaoma nenzira yavanhu vedu uye nyika kukunda kukuru. Muna January mazuva Penultimate gore hondo yakatanga nhevedzano inokosha tsamwisa kushandiswa, izvo zvakazoita kuti kusunungurwa kwenyika German-kubatikana Soviet wakakwana kuenda kumuganhu wehurumende. Pakutanga rakaitirwa yechinangwa uto pfungwa yoga kushanda pamberi pakafunuka zvakanga gare gare muna pachisara dzikarongwa zvine musoro mukati zvinonyatsorehwa pamushandirapamwe muna 1944. Chaizvoizvo, muna 1944, Mukuru Patriotic War, kusunungurwa Europe nemauto eSoviet kunge akabatanidzwa kuva chete kwacho. Kuti ape coherence uye comprehensiveness mufananidzo zvakaitika gore pamusoro Eastern Front, rinobatsirawo kupa umboo zvose ari tafura:

Kurohwa gumi 1944

№№ nn	akavhiyiwa	nguva	kunosanganisirei Songaniro	The yakawana mugumisiro
tanga	Leningrad-Novgorod	14,01 - 1,03	fronts: Leningrad, Volkhov, Baltic, Fleet: The Baltic	The kukundwa boka mauto "North", izere Leningrad deblokady, kusunungurwa Leningrad Region
2nd	Dnieper-Carpathian	24/12/1943 - 17/04/1944	fronts: 1st, 2nd, 3rd uye 4th Ukrainian	Kusunungurwa Right-Bank Ukraine
3rd	Odessa ------------------ Crimean	1944	3rd Ukrainian Front ------------------ 4th Ukrainian Front Sea Black rengarava	Kusunungurwa Odessa uye kuCrimea, Kuedzwa mauto mugungwa
4th	Vyborg-Petrozavodsk	1944 (Summer)	fronts: Leningrad, Karelian	kusunungurwa yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia
5th	"Operation Bagration" (Belarus)	23,06 - 28,07	fronts: 1st, 2nd uye 3rd Belarus, 1st Baltic	Kusunungurwa Belarus, vakawanda Poland pamwe kuwana Vistula uye chikamu chikuru Lithuania, kuwana kumuganhu Germany
Second	Lvov-Sandomierz	13,07 - 2,08	fronts: The 1st uye 4th Ukrainian	Kusunungurwa Western Ukraine, kuyambuka ari Vistula, paumbwe Sandomierz bridgehead
7th	Iasi-Kishinev ------------------ Romanian	Nyamavhuvhu ------------ 30,08 - 3.10	fronts: 2nd uye 3rd Ukrainian ----------------- 2nd Ukrainian	Kusunungurwa Moldova, Mhedziso hondo, Romania, Romania chiziviso kundorwa Germany uye Hungary, achivhura nzira Hungary, mhedziso hondo, Bulgaria kurwa neGermany, kuvandudza mamiriro kuti kubatsira dzokuYugoslavia partisans
8th	Baltic	14,09 - 24.11	fronts: 1st, 2nd uye 3rd Baltic zvikepe: Baltic	Kusunungurwa Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia WIthdrawal kubva hondo muFinland uye chiziviso hondo raro Germany
9th	East Carpathian ------------------ muBelgrade	8,09 - 28.10 ---------------- 28,09 - 20.10	fronts: Ipapo 1st uye 4th Ukrainian ---------------- Soviet, reYugoslavia, Slovak mativi uye remubatanidzwa	Kusunungurwa Yugoslavia uye rubatsiro kuna Slovak kumukira Wehrmacht
10th	Petsamo-Kirkenes	7.10 - 29.10 muna October	fronts: Karelian	Asingachaiti German wakisi nechokuchamhembe muFinland uye Norway

Military mabasa Europe (Center uye South-East)

Kupinda miganhu USSR uye mberi chinotangira mauto ari munharaunda dzimwe nyika aiva chikonzero mashoko nehurumende yeSoviet. Gwaro akaona kudiwa okupedzisira kukundwa vehondo German zvombo yechiFascist uye vimbiso yokuti Soviet Union haina urongwa kuchinja kwezvematongerwe enyika nyika idzi uye kutyora zvavo kuvimbika miganhu.

Kunyange zvakadaro, Soviet Union vakatsigira pachena mauto ake akavimbika, kunyanya vaKomonisiti uye dzavo dzepedyo vakabatana. In yezvematongetwo utungamiriri Soviet vakatsvaka kubva hurumende Great Britain neUnited States vanoziva zvavanoda mune guru kuEurope. Ikure nomukurumbira Soviet Union uye Stalin, kuvapo Red Army mundima dzawo akamanikidza Churchill uye Roosevelt kucherechedza muBalkans (dzakakudzingai Greece) Soviet zvoupenyu simba. KuPoland, Soviet Union akaita pakusikwa hurumende, sezvo kusiyana vakavimbika kuna Moscow emigre Polish Hurumende muLondon.

rusununguko Europe kuti nemauto eSoviet kwakaitika pedyo pamwe emagandanga kufamba uye muchiuto dzimwe nyika. Mauto Polish, reYugoslavia hondo vachitungamirirwa Iosifa Broz Tito, kuti Czechoslovak Corps Ludwig Svoboda, Slovak vapanduki vakatora Zvinoshingaira ari kutamburira kusunungurwa Eastern Europe.

Muna 1944, 23 August, dzemadzimambo Romania pakanga nevapanduki d'pamusoro pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba pakanyorwa raivapo Anti-yechiFascist rangano ne rwakafara enyika chawo - kubva vaKomonisiti kusvikira monarchists. Somugumisiro chiitiko ichi, Romania vakavawo Anti-hwechiFascist, vachizivisa hondo pamusoro Germany uye Hungary.

On 31 August, muBucharest yaisanganisira nevarwi Red Army, uye rinoumbwa zvikamu akabatanidzwa Romanian. Ichi chaiva chikonzero mubayiro of Romanian King Mihai reSoviet nokuraira Victory, apo Romania uye muchirongwa eNazi kurwisa pamusoro Soviet Union. Kunyanya, mauto Romanian ravanofanira Odessa uye ingloriously kuhondo pa Stalingrad.

Bulgaria, ari mutsigiri mukuru Reich akaramba kutumira mauto yokumabvazuva mberi, King Boris (German rudzi) kuna Hitler akapindura kuti vokuBulgaria haangatenderi kundorwa Russian, pamiitiro hweOttoman joko. Bulgaria haadi kunyange akazivisa hondo, USSR, akasangana chikamu ndima yayo vaiva mauto muAtlantic pamusoro mberi Red Army mireza uye mutambo mumhanzi. Mushure kubvuta masimba ose September 9 kusvika simba munyika vakauya Communist hurumende, kurwa neGermany.

Sezvambotaurwa, Finland rave kutorwa kubva hondo. Pazuva September 19, 1944 hurumende yacho dzakasaina imwe nguva yekumbotaurirana pamwe Soviet Union pamusoro zvachose zvinokudzwa ezvinhu.

The Slovak National zvombo chimurenga

Izvi zvinonyanya umhare peji hondo pakati Slovak rudzi rine nzvimbo inokosha munhau pamusoro kusunungurwa Europe.

Slovakia pamberi hondo, uye kwenguva yakareba pashure pehondo kwakanga chikamu Czechoslovakia. Hitler rwaigara Czech Republic, Slovakia pamutemo akapa rusununguko, chokwadi, akatendeuka ndokuita Satellite. Slovak chikamu akatumira yokumabvazuva mberi, asi nekuda unreliability kwavo (necheSalvic munharaunda pamwe Russian, Ukrainians, Belarusians Slovaks akamutsa kunzwa tsitsi vose Soviet vanhu), vari zvikuru yaiwanzoshandiswa rwemberi vokuGermany kuti kudzivirirwa kukurukurirana uye pakurwisana guerrillas. Asi izvi zvakaita kuti vakawanda kuchinja Slovaks kuhondo pakati partisans Soviet. On muganhu Slovakia kutanga uye shirilos remagandanga sangano.

Panoperera inopisa iri chaiyo uye yokufananidzira pfungwa pakati muzhizha 1944 rakamuka yakakurumbira August Slovak Anti-yechiFascist chimurenga. Kubatsira wakazara vapanduki vanhu vakatama mauto akamira sezvo chikamu 1st kuUkraine Front. Pakati pavo paiva 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps. remubatanidzwa ichi wakarairwa General Ludvik Svoboda, uyo akazova muna 1968 purezidhendi Czechoslovakia. October 6, somugumisiro zvakaoma kurwa muMakomo Carpathian (the Dukla Pass) ari kundorwisa liberators vakapinda nyika Slovakia. Zvisinei, ropa uye inovava kurwa kwakatora kusvikira pamugumo October, havana kutungamirira zvakananga chinangwa - mauto Soviet vakatadza kukunda Carpathians uye anobatana vapanduki. A guru chikamu rehurumende kwevanhu uye guerrillas vakaenda kumakomo, uye kupfuurira kurwa nokuita zvishoma nezvishoma kusunungurwa munyika zvikamu mberi Red Army. Pamusoro chikamu Soviet Union, vakanga ndaibatsira vose munhu uye maoko uye zvombo. Kuchinjwa ndege vakatakura.

Kurwisa muHungary, Austria uye Danho rokutanga kuhondo kuti East Prussia

The pfungwa yacho kutevedzana kwezviitiko kurwa uye zvakakonzera kuti chete zvakakomba shamwari Hitler munzvimbo muna October 1944 vakasara Hungary, kunyange akaedza remuSamoa kusada hondo. Mutongi Horthy akasungwa vokuGermany uye Hungarians vaifanira kurwa kusvikira pakuguma. Vanotyisa hondo nokuti Budapest haana kubvumira nemauto eSoviet kuritora pakutanga kuedza. Chete pamusoro kechitatu akanga pachimwe, uye February 13, 1945 muHungary guru vakawira. Panguva imwe chete muna February akagumisa kukundwa of Budapest muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano revarwi German.

Muna April, paiva hondo Balaton, apo yechiFascist mauto yakatanga anotyisa counterattack pamusoro Red Army, asi zviumbu Soviet uye vakakwanisa kumisa uye kukunda muvengi. Zvadaro, muna April, mauto eSoviet aiuya akasunungura Vienna, guta guru kuAustria, uye vakatora Königsberg muEast Prussia.

Ayakashino East Prussia aiva yakasimba yokuzvidzivirira rwokushanyira zvakadzama pamwe yakasimba nhare yanyatsosimba kongiri hurongwa. Advance sangano kuzvidzivirira Mazano guta rimwe nerimwe zvaisanganisira kuvapo paangavanda nzira kuna yawo. Kudzivirirwa kubva mberi mauto akanga akawanda nhare, pemigero, pillboxes, bunkers, zvimbambaira uye Barbed waya. Buildings mukati meguta vakavawo kudzivirira vezvikwata pamwe multilayer moto hurongwa.

Uye hondo asi tsamwisa kuva maviri chiBelorussia Fronts (2nd uye 3rd) akatanga pakati January, itsva, ra1945. Mukati mitatu mauto eSoviet milled muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano iyi Wehrmacht uye SS dzakabatana. Panguva imwe cheteyo varwi Red Army, kubva dzakavanzika kuti vehondo, akatambudzika inorema kurasikirwa. Mumwe wavo aiva April 18 rufu chaenga muvengi goko Army General I. D. Chernyahovskogo, mutungamiri 3rd chiBelorussia Front.

Asi kuti sezvo zvingaita, zvichaita, ushingi uye heroism, kunotsigirwa nomazvo aungana atirari moto (muhondo kuti East Prussia 5 zviuru. Nhindi atirari raishandiswa, kusanganisira howitzers caliber 203-mm uye 305-mm chikamu RGC) uye avhiyesheni rutsigiro, zvakatungamirira kuti Kuregwa nzvimbo guru German, guta-nhare Königsberg. Storming chezvinhu zvinokosha inokosha raiva pedyo nebundu Defense Nazi Germany rakaitwa kubva 7 kusvika 9 April 1945. Makumi ezviuru masoja eGermany vakaurayiwa uye vanenge 100 zviuru. Vaiva tatora.

Warsaw chimurenga

Achitaura zvinofadza uye inosuruvarisa mapeji ari paakaita kusunungurwa Europe, achiri hunokonzera gakava akasiyana enyika uye voruzhinji, masayendisiti-kare uye vanoparadzira mashoko dzakasiyana-siyana uye calibers. Saka, tichava omerera zvombo yemuna muna 1944 muguta guru Polish pasi utungamiriri London emigre hurumende.

Mumakore reNazi basa kwePoland akarasika miriyoni vemo matanhatu kubva zvachose vemo vanhu mamiriyoni 35 of. The basa hurumende yakanga yanyanya, ichi zvakakonzera chidzoke uye intensification wePolish nemishonga mauto. Asi vakanga vakavhengana. Saka, sezvo iri simba munyika Misa Home Army akaisa kuna London vokuPoland hurumende-mu-kuutapwa. Mushure mukova munharaunda kwePoland, mauto eSoviet akanga akasika aifarira-hurumende - Komiti National Liberation. Under utungamiriri hwake, mapoka zvombo pokurwisa People Uto. Achisvika Warsaw Red Army namapoka ose Army Ludovit kwaizoguma kutungamirira komiti iyi kuti simba rose Polish ndima. Kuti izvi zvisaitika, hurumende nhapwa muLondon uye Home Army zviumbu vakatora sarudzo vakazvimirira sunungura Warsaw uye pasina kwazvo uye dzakareba kugadzirira ndokusimudza ipapo kumukira nezvombo. Izvi zvakaitika musi 1 August. Rakanga akapindwa vagari vazhinji guru kwePoland. Asi utungamiriri Soviet isakarurama mhosva chiito, achihudana bheja. Maererano vamwe vaongorori, Soviet Union yakaramba kutsigira vapanduki vane maoko uye zvombo, maererano vamwe, Red Army akakonewa kupa runodiwa rutsigiro. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu zviviri - September 13th mauto eSoviet akasvika kumahombekombe Vistula muna Warsaw, uye rufu vapanduki okupedzisira chokutambudzika yemuna kwakaitika chokwadi pamberi pavo. Chimwe chokwadi - mumazuva okupedzisira yemuna rubatsiro vagari Warsaw nemauto eSoviet musi Stalin pachake varayirwa, Achiri inopiwa, kunyange panguva haisati chakagadziriswa chinhu.

Dzarasika 18 zviuru. Varwi 200,000 vanhuwo zvavo vakaurayiwa vagari Warsaw, kumukirawo vatungamiriri capitulated October 2, 1944. Mauto eGermany sechirango vakatanga kuparadzwa muguta, vakawanda vaigara ayo vakamanikidzwa kutiza.

Complete kusunungurwa Poland

Pakazosvika 1945, Soviet Union yakanga makura inokosha ukuru pamusoro muvengi, mukuru parutivi hafu nhamba ravarwi, katatu - uwandu matangi kuzvidzora propelled pfuti, nguva zvina - kuwanda atirari zvidimbu (pfuti uye mumaturi), nguva masere - uwandu ndege. Oga, zvinokosha kuziva kuti ari Eastern Front vakavhura hondo dzakabatana uye omubatanidzwa yose vanhu hafu yemiriyoni pakati. With Mhedziso mhepo ukuru, mauto eSoviet vakakwanisa kusarudza mirayiridzo uye nguva huru kuvhunduka, akatendeuka mawa offensives pamusoro siyana fronts vavo nzvimbo. It nezvaaigona kurwa, akauraya muvengi kana apo zvakanga mukana uye zvinobatsira uye.

The vakawanda tsamwisa akanga akaronga kuti 20 January. By kurwa chaibatanidzwa rinoita hondo yose uye vaviri nezvikepe.

Asi, sezvataurwa munyaya ino, pamusoro Western Front, muna December 1944, mauto aHitler ari Ardennes pakarepo vakarwisa reBritain neAmerica mauto uye ndokuakushira pamusoro 100 km shure. America akarasikirwa zvuru 40. Man. Churchill pachake akateterera Stalin aine chikumbiro kubatsirwa, chikumbiro akagamuchira zvakanaka mhinduro. The fronts Soviet, pasinei isina kupera kurovedza January 12 vakatanga, 1945 uye chainyanya simba uye kwakapararira muhondo yose. It rwakatora mazuva 23. By February 3 zvikamu mberi Red Army akasvika kumahombekombe Oder - kwaari raiva nyika German, apo nyika wakaburuka pamusoro Second World War. January 17 nemauto eSoviet akapinda Warsaw.

Vistula-Oder oparesheni, inoitiswa murayiro Soviet, akapedza kusunungurwa muPoland uye vakaponeswa kubva pakuparadzwa muna Ardennes nevarwi Western dzairwisa, akasika zvinhu nokuda storming kweBerlin uye kugumisa hondo muEurope.

Kusunungurwa Czechoslovakia

The inokosha hondo nokuda vaitonga anokosha zvepamusoro muEurope, nyika vakatendeukira kuna pakati April 1945. Bratislava, guta guru Slovakia, rakanga rabudiswa ambotaurwa, 4 April. A 30-fung mauto eSoviet vaita guru maindasitiri muzinda Moravská Ostrava.

Musi waMay 5, vagari Prague akasimuka yakapakatira zvombo kumukira occupiers. VaNazi vakaedza achinyudza kumukirawo muropa, havana kumborega kunyange murayiro wokuGermany akasaina nhumbi mapfumo pasi pamusoro 05/08/1945.

Vapanduki Praguers akatendeukira paredhiyo kuti mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany rubatsiro. Akabvuma kudanwa ichi, murayiro Soviet, achikanda ari kufora kuna Prague maviri tangi Mauto 3rd kuUkraine Front. Kuita trohsotkilometrovy kufora, hondo mazuva matatu gare gare, musi waMay 9, akapinda Prague. In kurwisa uku uye vamwe vakabatana ehondo 1st, 2nd uye 4th Ukrainian fronts, zvichiguma muCzechoslovakia vakasunungurwa kubva Nazi basa. Pedzisa kusunungurwa dzavanhu Europe kubva Fascism.

The wechipiri kumberi

July 6, pashure Tichitarisa kudzidziswa kuMadokero, vakatanga nechisimba omubatanidzwa Expeditionary Forces - grand kumhara kushanda "Overlord". ReBritain neAmerica mauto namapoka ose Free French, Polish, Czechoslovak dzakabatana zvaikosha 2 mamiriyoni 876 zviuru. Man achitsigirwa makuru ari Navy uye Air Force akasvika kuchamhembe kweFrance, muna Normandy. Saka yakanga yakazowana refu-akanga akamirirwa rechipiri mberi. Pakupedzisira, vanhu vokuGermany akaita remagandanga dzakabatana uye pevhu mauto Nemishonga vakatora nyika dzokuEurope. Aronga kukanda mumwoyo Germany. Roosevelt aidavira kuti Berlin atore vokuAmerica.

Munguva tsamwisa, iyo wakashamwaridzana mauto akauya kumukira nezvombo muna France, Belgium uye Denmark. The French uye Belgians akasunungura guta ravo omubatanidzwa Expeditionary Force kubudirira kusunungurwa munyika dzavo. VokuDenmark vane rombo rakanaka zvishoma - kwete kugamuchira rubatsiro, uye yemuna airwadziwa nechisimba.

Political uye Strategic zvisarudzo nevatsigiri

Somugumisiro, inogutsa anorova chaizvo kukura uye kudzika kurwisa Soviet muna 1944 uye mangwanani 1945 zvakava pachena kunokurumidza kugumisa hondo uye pekusadziviririka okupedzisira kukundwa wehondo German. Inguva vatsigiri kutungamirira zvose zvinobatanidzwa azvino tsamwisa pamusoro Germany uye kukurukura zvinetso pashure pehondo murayiro nyika. Kuwedzera nomukurumbira pakati USSR uye kuzivikanwa vose vaimutsigira yairwirwa mupiro wake kukundwa atadza waibvumira kugamuchira pfungwa Soviet Union kubata Yalta Conference misoro of Government kunyika huru nhatu pokuita Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa.

Munguva kubva 4 kusvika 11 February I. V. Stalin, F. D. Ruzvelt uye Winston Churchill vakasangana panguva yacho Yalta Conference, razova mukuru pfungwa pamwe masimba kunangana naye. Vatungamiriri Western vaiziva USSR anokwanisa kupedza kukunda oga kushanda kuzosunungura Europe. Zvichida chokwadi ichi uye kubvumirwa kusvika chibvumirano panyaya dzose.

Nemashoko muchiuto, rakachengetedzwa atsunga nyaya pamwe muganhu munyika dzine anoita. The nechepakati nyaya enyika - remangwana Germany - kwakagadziriswa mupfungwa kuti nyika icharamba batana, gutsaruzhinji, demilitarized, haakwanisi yokumiririra kutyisidzira ramangwana kune vamwe vanhu.

Masimba pamusoro mubvunzo Polish uyewo asvika nekubvirana. Poland akazarura nzira chokuzvisarudzira akazvimirira chiitiko kare akanaka miganhu.

Kwakasarudzwa kusimbisa United Nations nechinangwa yekuwana tinzwisisane, chibvumirano uye kudzivirira utsinye pakati penyika mbiri ari pashure pehondo yenyika.

Uye pakupedzisira, nokuti mangwanani kuguma hondo uye kudzvinyirira kweuto kurwisa wechoto kuFar East rakachengetedzwa akabvumirana chibvumirano USSR kubatana omubatanidzwa kurwa Japan.

Battle nokuti Berlin nokuguma hondo

April 16 kwakaratidza kutanga Berlin kushanda. Somugumisiro vhiki mbiri ne hondo kumucheto Berlin (Seelow Heights) uye muguta apo dzose dzomumusha uye zvikuru imba ose ikava yakasimba, varwi Red Army akakwanisa kutora nzvimbo inogara Fascism - the Reichstag uye vachisimudza tsvuku mureza pamusoro payo.

Pakupedzisira, pausiku 8 kusvika 9 May muna Karlshorst, weChicago guru Germany, mapato ose vave akasaina kuita isiyo Kuregwa ose ehondo German.

Asi ichi ndicho zvakawanda kusunungurwa Europe kubva Fascism hazvina kugumisa. May 9 atova vachitora Berlin, varwi kubva zviumbu uye idzodzo kubva 1st Ukrainian Front, achibatsira pavakakumukiraiwo Prague, kufambira kutevedzana vakatamira Czechoslovak guru, uye akamisa pechiFascist muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano. Zvinokosha kuona kuti mune pasina kuedza kuponesa kwake unenviable mugumo, vaivapo zvikamu t. N. Army mutengesi Vlasov, kana roa, asiya kune Praguers.

Uye mumwe Handimupinduri. Common munguva rwevanhu marudzi ngozi uye inoti mune post-hondo nguva zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga huchipera zvishoma nezvishoma. Nokuedza kuti adzokorore Zvaizobuda hondo hakugumiri kusvikira ikozvino. Kunyange Victory Day rinopembererwa mazuva akasiyana. nyika Most funga vaitamba mutambo zuva musi May 8, uye muna Soviet Union, ikozvino Russia, rangarirai kunotyisa hondo reropa muPrague muna 1945, kupemberera Victory Day pamusoro May 9. Zvinosuruvarisa kwave kune norusaruro yokutaura kushandisa zvizvarwa itsva nyaya sei kusunungurwa kwakaitika muEurope kubva Fascism.

mhedziso

Kusunungurwa Europe kubva Fascism yakaitwa zvibvire kunokwana umhare super-Soviet Union uye ayo nevatsigiri, vemauto ose Kupikiswa Nazi-dzatorwa. The Second World War haana yakapera, kumberi kwaiva Japan, asi mukuru kukunda yakanga kare akunda. The simba hondo German muchina rwakavhunika uye vakakundwa.

Asi mubatanidzwa ndudzi iri hondo Fascism vasingagoni ugoponeswa yepashure pehondo. Sezvo munguva yemberi uye nyika, Europe yakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri, kumabvazuva uye vokumadokero, capitalist uye mugovanisi. Rinhiko akaita yakakamurwa Germany pachayo. nyika mugovanisi hurongwa wakasikwa, ikozvino doro mutate, asi ichiriko.

Kusunungurwa Europe, ari Second World War akanga ropa kwazvo. Yokusagadzikana Europe muhondo yenyika wokupedzisira zvinofungidzirwa mamiriyoni 40 vanhu panguva, pamwe 2 miriyoni vavo - vagari Western Europe uye 7 miriyoni - vagari Germany. The yasara vanhu mamiriyoni 30 vari yokusagadzikana vanhu Eastern Europe uye USSR.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mukuru mugumisiro - kusunungurwa marudzi kubva nezvisungo yechiFascist. Panguva ino, rikwanise dambudziko revanhu kudzivirira kutsiva mashava denda uye kurangarira chiitiko kubatanidza zvakasiyana uye dzimwe nguva vakandishora enyika uye paruzhinji mukupikisa ngozi ugandanga uye kuparadzwa nemagariro uye budiriro. Kusunungurwa Europe muna 1945 kuchava kwenguva refu zvinhu zvesainzi, mauto, enyika, nhoroondo uye tsika kuongorora. Chakakoshera zvakaitika ruzivo yakakura nhasi mukuru nokusingaperi!