Yalta musangano: migumisiro yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri uye mitsva yeEurope itsva

Yalta (Crimean) Conference, yakabatanidzwa kubva 4 kusvika 11 February 1945 mu Yalta Livadia Palace, yaiva musangano wechipiri wevatungamiri vemasimba ayo ari nhengo dzehutano hweHitler.

Mamiriro ezvinhu pamiganhu yehondo panguva ino (kuguma kwechando cha1945) yakakosha zvikuru kune nyika ye anti-Hitler coalition. Hondo dzehondo dzakatotamira kune chikamu cheGermany, mauto eAllied akadzika muNormandy akazarura iyo inonzi "yechipiri mberi." Hondo yeUnited States neNavy inenge yakanyatsodzora nzvimbo yemvura yePacific Ocean. Mugumisiro wehondo wakanga wakananga kune vose, kukundwa kweGermany kwakagadzirirwa. Asi United States, Britain uye USSR yakaratidza kuti yakabatana chete panguva yehondo neGermany, mune mutemo wavo wekunze kune dzimwe nyika nyika idzi dzakatevera zvinopesana zvinopesana, naizvozvo zvakange zvakafanira kubvumirana pamusoro pekugadzirisa hondo-nyika, yekupedzisira kwekukundwa kweGermany, mitemo mitsva yezvematongerwe enyika nyika isati yasvika hondo Uye isati yasvika pakuguma kwechibvumirano chorugare. Musangano weYalta wakanga wakadikanwa kuti uwedzere humwe hutungamiri hwematongerwo enyika.

Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kuitira kugadzirisa nyaya dzinokosha, avo vakabatana vanenge vasingadi kupararira, asi nhoroondo nemashoko zvakakonzera kukakavara kwakakomba. Nokudaro, Winston Churchill, JV Stalin naRoosevelt vakakurumidza kugamuchira chibvumirano pamusoro pekumanikidzwa kwemazuva ekupedzisira-hondo yeGermany, asi nhoroondo yeiyi nzira, mitsara chaiyo, nzvimbo dzehutano dzakanga dzisingatsanangurwi.

Sangano reYalta rakaratidzawo maitiro ehutungamiri mumashure-hondo yeEurope (zvakagadzirirwa Soviet uye Western). Zvakasarudzwa kuti Eastern Europe inotaura (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, dzimwe nyika mushure me "socialist camp") yaizopinda munharaunda yezvinodiwa neUSSR. Uyewo, Italy, Girisi, dzimwe nyika dzekumaodzanyemba nechepakati peEurope dzicharamba dzichitungamirirwa neBritain neAmerica.

Mhirizhonga inotyisa yakavhiringidzwa pamusangano pamusoro pekupedzisira kwehondo yePoland. Stalin akasimbisa pamiganhu yenyika yePoland pamutauro we "line Curzon" (maererano nesungano ya1920). Asi hurumende yevanhu iripo muPoland haina kuziva miganhu iyi, iyo yakaumba matambudziko mukutaurirana. Mugumo weLviv wakanga usinganzwisisiki: maererano naChurchill naRoosevelt, USSR yakasungirwa kuendesa guta kunzvimbo yePoland. Musangano weYalta we1945 hauna kuita sarudzo chaiyo yepashure-hondo yePoland. Musoro wea anti-Hitler pamwe chete nenyika dzakasarudza nezvekudzorerwa kubva kuGermany. Vaifanirwa kuva mabhiriyoni makumi maviri emadhora, hafu yemari yaizogamuchirwa neSoviet Union.

Munguva yeChirangaridzo Yalta, chisarudzo chakatorwa pahondo neJapan nechisimba. Kurwisa kweJapan kwaifanira kuitika mwedzi miviri mushure mokukunda kwekupedzisira kwehondo muEurope.

Sangano re Yalta rakagadzira musangano mutsva nemitemo yehuchaita sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rezvematongerwe enyika (UN). Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kukosha dzebasa remangwana reUnited States yakaziviswa kuparadzwa kwehurongwa hwekoloni munyika.

Musangano weYalta, iyo yakaguma yakakonzera zvakanyanya mushure mehondo-musangano wepasi rose, uye kunyanya pakuguma kwekupedzisira kweEurope, yaiva musangano wekupedzisira wevatungamiriri vehondo yeAnter Hitler munguva yeHondo Yenyika II. Izvo zvenguva pfupi, iyo yakabvisa zvishoma zvipikisano zvinokonzera zvinopesana pakati penyika dzekuMadokero neSoviet Union, dzakagumisa panguva imwechete nekukunda kukundwa kwakaitwa muvengi - fascist Germany. Izvo zvekare zvakabatana, zvinosuruvarisa, zvakare zvakashandurwa kuva zvisingagoneki vavengi.