Hondo yeThermopylae. Izvo izvo zvakapinda mazera

Hondo yeThermopylae - hondo munguva yehondo pakati pePersia neVaGiriki, yakaitika pakati peSeptember 480 BC. E.

Imwe yehondo inotyisa zvikuru munhoroondo yekare yakaitika makore gumi shure kwekunge Dhariusi atumira nhume dzake kumatongerwo ose echiGiriki nechikumbiro chinonyadzisa chokuteerera uye kugamuchira simba rePersia. "Nyika nemvura" yakakumbira vamiririri vamambo wePezhiya ane simba, iyo inenge inenge maguta ose eGreece yekare yakabvumirana. VaAtene, avo vakauraya nhume, uye vaSpartan, avo vakavakanda mumatsime, havana kuda kuratidza kuteerera nechinangwa chekuenda ikoko chaidiwa - zvose pasi nemvura. Mambo Dhariusi akafamba rwendo rwokuenda kumahombekombe eAttica, asi muHondo yeMarathon hondo yePezhiya yakakundwa. Mushure mekufa kwemutongi, mwanakomana wake Xerxes akapfuurira chikonzero chebaba. Pakati pevanhu vazhinji veumambo hukuru hwevaPersia, hondo isina kumboitika yakawanda panguva iyoyo yakaungana uye zvikepe zvine simba zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa. Apo uto raZerxes rakakunda kukunda kumaodzanyemba kweGirisi, iyo Greek Congress yakasarudza kutevera mazano emuongorori weAtenean Themistocles kuti arwise vasvikiro muThermopil Pass, nzvimbo yakamanikana pane nzira yehondo. Kuverenga kwaiva kwakarurama. Asi nokuda kweHondo yeThermopylae kupedzisa nekukunda kweHerneen, zvaive zvakakodzera kuunganidza hondo huru iyo mitemo yechiGiriki yakakundikana kuita.

Pakazosvika pakati paAugust, hondo yePezhia yakaonekwa pamberi pesuo remupata. Chiitiko chacho, panguva iyo yaive nevana 300 Spartans yakaitwa, yakatangwa nekutaurirana. Pane kupa kwaXerxes kuzvipira mukutsinhanisa rusununguko, nyika idzva uye ushamwari hwemaTar waSparta Leonid akaramba.

Xerxes akatsamwa kwazvo akarayira hondo yakabatana yevaGiriki kuti iise maoko avo, iyo yaakagamuchira, maererano naPlutarch, mhinduro yakakodzera: "Uya uzvitore." Masoja akakodzera zvikuru akakunda hondo yePezhiya, pakutungamirirwa kweTar, akatanga kurwisa. Saka zvakatanga hondo kuThermopylae - hondo, iyo yakazova chikamu chinotyisa pane hondo dzeGrisi-Persia. Muzvinyorwa zvekare, vatsvakurudzi vanopa nharo dzinopesana pamusoro pehuwandu hwevatori vechikamu muhondo. Nhoroondo yezvinoitika kare vezvakaitika kare pamusoro pehuwandu hwemasimba evanopikisa uye kurasikirwa kwemapato inowanikwa mutafura.

Mazuva maviri mauto echiGiriki akakwanisa kubvisa kuparadzwa kwevaPezhiya, asi Xerxes akakwanisa kuita nzira yepamusoro uye akavhara vadziviriri veThermopylae. Mugumisiro wehondo yekupedzisira yevaGiriki yakanga yakatemerwa, sezvo zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kukunda hondo yevavengi, iyo inodarika nechimwe chezviuru zvezviitiko. VaGiriki vaigona kungotarisa rufu runokudzwa muhondo. Izvo hazvizivikanwi nechokwadi kuti vangani vakatliti vakatora kurwisana naMambo Spartan. Zvinyorwa zvekare zvinoratidza kuti paivawo neThebans (vakazvipira) uye Thessians, avo vakafa pamwe neuto, iro raive nema 300 Spartans. Nhoroondo yekugamba kwemasimba, avo vakapa hupenyu hwavo nekuda kwekusununguka kwenyika yavo, vakave nharo, iyo yave ichisimudzira uye ichikurudzira kwemazana emakore akawanda majaya eEurope ose enyika.