Edward Teller: biography uye photo physics

Nhasi tichataura nezvehupenyu hwa Edward Teller. Iwe hauna kumbozvinzwa zita iri kare, kana hupenyu hwako hwehutano husingawirirani nefizikiki. Zvisinei, E. Teller munhu anoshamisa uyo akararama hupenyu huzere uye hunoshanda uye akatanga chimwe chinhu chitsva munzanga. Mupiro wake kune vesayenzi inokosha, sezvo pfungwa, tsvakurudzo nemabasa omunhu uyu zviripo kusvikira nhasi uno hwaro hwemibvunzo yakawanda mufizikiki. Upenyu hwomunhu uyu hupikisana, hwakafanana naye. Havasi vose vanobvuma chido chake chekutsigira mapurisa ehondo anogadziridza kugadzira simba renyukireya, asi izvi hazviregi Teller wetarenda uye pfungwa dzakakosha.

Ndiri ani watinotaura nezvazvo?

Edward Teller, uyo anozivikanwa achanyatsoratidzwa pasi apa, nyanzvi inyanzvi inyanzvi yefizikiki. Anonziwo "baba vebhodhi ye-hydrogen". Uyu musayendisiti akaita chikamu chakakura pakuona zvinyoronyoro, maserosiki uye nyuzikisi yefikireya. Ndiye iye akarondedzera migumisiro yaRenner-Teller naJan-Teller. Dzidziso yeBrunauer-Emmett-Teller ichiri chikonzero chefizikiki. Uyezve, murume akawedzera dzidziso yaEnrico Fermi, pamusoro pekuora kwe beta yezvikamu. Pamwe pamwe naN. Metropolis naM. Rosenbluth, muna 1953 akanyora nyaya yakashanda sechisimba chekushandisa nzira yeMotel Carlo mumatanho emagetsi.

Kutanga kwehupenyu

Edward Teller akaberekwa munguva yechando muna 1908 muBudapest. Mukomana akazvarwa mumhuri yechiJudha. Baba vake vaiva gweta, uye amai vake pianist. Mumhuri, mukomana akanga asiri oga, asi nehanzvadzi yake Emainini. Mushure mechinguva, mhuri yakava yechiKristu, kufanana nemhuri dzechiJudha panguva iyoyo. Kubva pane izvi zvinonzwisisika kuti hama yechikomana iyi yaiva yechitendero zvikuru. Pasinei neizvi, muhupenyu hwake hwekuzvidzivirira akazova agnostic. Mutauri akatanga kutaurirana kwenguva pfupi, asi akanga ane zviitiko zvakanaka uye aigona kuverenga nhamba yemasekondi mugore.

Vadzidzi

Sezvo murume wacho akakurira mumhepo yepashure-hondo inopesana muHungary uye kukakavadzana kukuru, iye kwehupenyu hwake hwose akabatwa nechisimba kune fascism uye communism. Kuti aende kuchikoro chepamusoro chekudzidzisa muBudapest, mukomana uyu aisagona nekuda kwekuiswa kwekudziviswa kwaHorthy Miklós. Muna 1926, jaya rakapinda muKarlsruhe Institute of Technology muGermany yekugadzira makemikari. Makore maviri gare gare, akatamira kunogara kuMunich, anoda chaizvo quantum mechanics. Nokuti Teller aiva mudzidzi anofungisisa, akangwara akawira pasi pechetami uye akarasikirwa nerutsoka rwake rworudyi. Nemhaka yeizvi, akadzikisa hupenyu hwake hwose uye akapfeka hupfeko. Pakazosvika 1930, akanga ane Ph.D. mune zvinyorwa zve physics, izvo zvaakagamuchira paYunivhesiti yeLeipzig. Mhedziso yake akazvipira kutsanangura ma molecular ion ye hydrogen.

Panguva ino akasangana nevanozivikanwa vechiRussian physicist L. Landau naG. Gamow. Kubudirira kweTauer muzvinyorwa zvefizikiki nefilosofi zvakakanganiswa zvikuru neshamwari yake yeupenyu naG. Plachek. Ndiye uyo akabatsira Teller kuti agare muRome na E. Fermi. Izvi zvakatsanangura basa rezvesayenzi remangwana romunhu.

Upenyu hwevakuru

Edward Teller, ane chithunzi chatinoona munyaya yacho, akazvipira makore maviri ehupenyu hwake kuYunivhesiti yeGoettingen. Zvisinei, muna 1933, nekubatsirwa kwevanhu vanobva kune International Rescue Committee, Teller akabva kuGermany. Anenge gore akagara muEngland, rimwe gore - muCopenhagen, uko, nenzira, akashanda pasi pehutungamiri hwakajeka hwaN. Bora. Pakazosvika 1934 akava nemhuri, achitora shamwari yehanzvadzi yake yehuduku - Augustus Maria.

Gore rakatevera gare mhuri yechidiki yakasimuka, sezvo Edward Teller akagamuchira chipo kubva kuna Gamow. Akanga ane nzvimbo yakanaka paYunivhesiti yeWashington. MuU.SA, Teller akava purofesa. Vose pamwe chete naGamow, vakabata nuclear, quantum, uye molecules physics. Edward Teller, uyo anogadzirisa zvombo zvenyukireya anozivikanwa munyika yose, akazarura muna 1939. Nguva pfupi isati yasvika, akakwanisa kuzarura chiitiko, mushure mekunge achinzi "Jan-Teller effect." Izvo zvaive mumusoro wekuti ma molecule anowanzochinja maitiro avo mune mamwe maitiro. Izvi, zvakare, zvinokanganisa maitiro emakemikari anoita.

Muumbi webhomu

Muna 1941, Teller akawana hukama hweAmerica. Panguva ino aifarira zvikuru nhau dzeatomu nuclear nuclear energy issues. Zvose izvi zvakangowedzera apo Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri yakatanga, uye musayendisiti akava mumwe weboka revanotsvakurudza kuumba bhomba reatomu. T. von Karman, shamwari ye hero yedu, akamukurudzira kuti ashande naHethe. Vose pamwe chete vakavamba kusimbiswa kwenheyo yekuparidzirwa kwekutyisa wave. Makore akawanda gare gare, kwaiva kutsvakurudza kwavo kwakashanda sekudzidza kwemibvunzo pamusoro pekupinda kwezvombo zvinopinda mumhepo.

Kuenderera mberi kwebasa

Edward Teller akaitei? Iyo biography inopa muchidimbu zvinotevera zviitiko zvezviitiko:

• Kubva muna 1946 kusvika muna 1952 akadzidzisa paYunivhesiti yeChicago. Panguva imwechete akazova vamiririri mukuru weLos Alamos Laboratory.
• Kubvira muna 1953 kusvikira muna 1975 akapfuurira basa rake rokudzidzisa paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia kuBerkeley.
• Muna 1954 akava mukuru weLawrence Livermore Radiation Laboratory. Muna 1952 akazova mukuru wekutsvakurudza pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwebhodhi reHodgen. MunaNovember anoitisa muedzo wokutanga.
• Kubvira muna 1957 kusvika muna 1973, iye ari mutariri wekuvhiya kunonzi "Plauscher". Yakanga ine chokuita nekushandiswa kworugare nuclei muUnited States. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwegamba redu, 27 kuputika kwakaitika.

Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Teller akanga asiri mutsika. Akatenda kuti veUnited States vanofanira kuva nerunhare mune zvombo zvenyukireya. Akarwisa zvakasimba kubvumidzwa kwekushandiswa kwezvombo zvenyukireya, yakatanga kusikwa kwezvombo zvinobudirira uye zvisingadhuri.

Kutsvakurudza

Mukuwedzera kune zvombo zve nyukireya, Edward Teller akataura nezvimwe zvinetso zvakawanda. Saka, akatsvakurudza magetsi akawanda, maitiro ekuona zvinhu, masikiriti, muviri wefizikiki yemasikati. Pamwe pamwe naG. Gamov, uyo atoziva kwatiri, akaumbwa muna 1936 mutemo wekusarudzwa kwezvikamu mu-β-kuora. Muna 1947 akazvimiririra akaratidza kuvapo kweatomu maesic.

Akapiwa chikamu cheE E. Fermi "Nekupikira kuNyukliya neKumikirwo Physics" muna 1962. Muna 1975, Teller akasiya purofesa paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia.

Mune basa rekupa mazano

Makore makumi matatu anotevera ehupenyu hwake, gamba rehurukuro racho rakapa basa rake kune basa remupi mazano. Akakurudzira hurumende pane zvombo zvenyukireya. Muna 1980 akatsigira purogiramu yeMutungamiri Reagan anonzi "Star Wars." Yakanga ine chokuita nehutano hwekudzivirira.

Muna 1979, pakava nenjodzi pazvigadzirwa zvemagetsi enyukireya muUnited States. Panguva imwecheteyo, Teller akaona chirwere chemwoyo. Zvishoma nezvishoma paTV yakauya firimu inonzi "Chinese Syndrome." Basa guru mairi rakatambidzwa naJ J. Fund, iro raive muvengi ane simba wezvombo zvenyukireya zveUnited States. Gare gare, Teller akamuti ane mhaka pakurwisa kwake.

Muna 1994, Teller akashanyira Russia Federal Nuclear Center pamusangano.

Kwemakore makumi maviri, musayendisiti akakurudzira vezvematongerwo enyika veIsrael. Kwemakore matatu akashanyira nyika ino katanhatu, akadzidziswa ipapo pane physics yeanoropi ikoko. Mutauriri aida gore rose kuti aratidze kuCIA kuti Israeri ane simba guru rekushandisa nyukireya. Pakupedzisira, muna 1976, mutauriri weCIA akataura kuti akanga agamuchira ruzivo kubva kune zvinyatsovimbiswa pamusoro pezvombo zvenyukireya zveIsraeri.

Quotes nemabhuku

Edward Teller, uyo ane mashoko akadzika kwazvo, aiva munhu akangwara akachenjera. Zvakawanda zvemashoko ake zvakashandiswa kusvika kure. Mashoko ake anozivikanwa zvikuru ndeokuti: "Senzii nhasi, nhasi teknolojia yezuva."

Mukutsanangura kwake, Teller akasimbisa kuti kana pfungwa, kana chiyeuchidzo, kana kuti kuongororwa kunokosha kuti mwana ave musayendisiti, zvinokwana kuti ave nehanya zvikuru nesayenzi.

Chii chakaita Edward Teller? Mabhuku ake achiri kudiwa zvakanyanya. Akanyora mimwe mabasa emasikirini epfungwa. Mabhuku ake anosiyaniswa nehurukuro yakajeka uye kujekesa kwepfungwa.

Kunyora zvinyorwa izvi, ndinoda kutaura kuti musayendisiti Edward Teller akaita rutivi rukuru mukusimudzirwa kwesayenzi. Kutsvakurudza kwake uye mabhuku iyi chipo chinokosha kune vese vefizikiki. Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake murume akazvipira kutsigirwa kwepurojekiti, iyo yaive yekugadzira chikepe paAlaska nekubatsirwa kwezvombo zve thermonuclear.

Muhupenyu hwake hwose, hero yedu yakave yakakurumbira kwete chete semasayendisiti akakurumbira ane unyanzvi hunoshamisa, asiwo semunhu ane unhu husingazivikanwi. Ukama hwehukama hwakapiwa kwaari zvakaoma, sezvazvinowanzoitika nevanhu vane tarenda. Zvinotendwa kuti ndiye mufananidzo we protagonist kubva mufirimu "Doctor Strangelove", yakabudiswa muna 1964.