Soviet light tank T-50

Mukuenzanisa nedzimwe mhando, t-50 tank yaiva netariro huru. Kubvira pakutanga, basa iri rakagadzirwa sechinhu chinokonzerwa nekushandiswa kwemichina yekunze kwepasi uye kukwanisa kweSoviet industry.

Mamiriro emabhizimusi masikati makuru eGreat Patriotic War

Mumakore makumi matatu nematanhatu eimba yezana remakore makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri nematanhatu yakagadzirwa zvikuru munyika yose. Yaiva inoshandiswa mutsva mune zvemabhizimisi ezvehondo, uye iyo nyika yakaisa mari yakawanda mukuvimbisa zviitiko. IU.SR haina kugara kunze, zvakare, apo, maererano nechekupedzisira kwekushanda kwekushanda, matangi emumba akaumbwa kubva pakutanga. Mumakore gumi aya nzvimbo inotungamirira pakati pekirasi yechiedza yakanga inotorwa neT-26. Icho chaiva chigadzirwa chakanakisisa chekusimbisa vana vehondo muhondo.

Zvisinei, nekukurumidza mauto enyika dzakabudirira akawana mabhizimisi anodhura mabhasiri. Svondo reSoviet risati ravakwa, chinangwa chacho chaiva chokugadzira mishonga inokwanisa kunyatsozvidziviririra kurwisa zvitsva zvezvombo. Masoja akacherechedza kuti zvipingamupinyi zvikuru zve tangi iripo hazvina kukwana injini simba, kusungirirwa kwekumiswa uye kuderera kwepakati panguva yekurwisana.

Mabasa anoshingaira pakugadzira maitiro matsva akatangawo nokuti vanenge vese vatungamiri vemaRobert Army vakaderedzwa muma1930. Vakuru vechidiki vaida kutora danho rokutanga kana zvichibvira.

Mukuwedzera, hondo yeSoviet-Finnish yakatanga, iyo yakaratidza zvakare kuti yekare zvombo zvehondo hazvigoni kurwisa mhirizhonga. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano chakapiwa basa rekugadzira pasi peutungamiriri hwaSimeon Ginzburg. Boka rake rakatova neruzivo rwakakura mundima iyi.

Kuchinja kwevatangi vemamwe matangi

Chokutanga, nyanzvi dzakasarudza kugadzirisa kushandurwa kweT-26. Kunyanya, vashandi vakashandura kumira kwezviratidziro zvakafanana neaishandiswa paTank Czech tanks 35. Zvadaro hurumende yeSoviet yakaronga kutenga iyo midziyo, asi pakupedzisira yakavandudza chisarudzo chayo.

Imwe mienzaniso yakakonzera matanho ekugadzirwa kwevanyori vekumba ndiyo yeGermany PzKpfw III. Rimwe tangi rakadaro rakagamuchirwa neA Red Army seuto rehondo panguva yekukurudzira kwePoland muna 1939. Pashure pacho, imwe kopi yakagamuchirwa zviri pamutemo kubva ku Wehrmacht inobvumirana nehurumende yeTatu Reich. Mushonga wacho wakanga uchigadziriswa uye wakavimbika uchienzaniswa neSoviet model. Zviremera mumunhu weVeroshilov zvakagamuchira manyorero kuti zvakakosha kushandisa shanduro idzi pakuvandudza ruzivo rweRombo Army.

Yakanga isati yasati yasvika T-50 tangi, asi dzakawanda zvepfungwa dzakagadzwa uye pakupedzisira dzakava chikamu chinokosha chemushonga mutsva.

Kugadzirwa

Hondo yava kusvika. Panguva ino, motokari dzeGermany dzave dzichifamba dzakapoteredza France. Zvisarudzo zvokupedzisira pakugadzirwa, izvo zvichabvuma tangi rakareba T-50, zvakagamuchirwa kare muna 1941.

Dare revanhu reCommissars rakabudisa chirevo maererano nekugadzirwa kwemufananidzo mutsva kwaizotanga muna July. Zvisinei, hondo yakatanga, uye zvirongwa zvaifanira kukurumidza kuchinjwa.

Chimiro cheLeningrad Nha. 174, chaive chokutarisana nekugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemufananidzo mutsva, chakakurumidza kuendeswa kumashure. Zvinetso zvevadzidzisi uye matambudziko makuru ehurongwa anobatanidza nekutanga basa mumamiriro asina kugadzirirwa, akatungamirira kukuti kugadzirwa kweT-50 kwakaguma mukati megore ra1942. Iyo michina yakawanda haina kushanda.

Rarity

Kusiyana nemamwe mazita anozivikanwa uye akapararira emakwikwi ano, t-50 tangi yakawanikwa mune zvishoma zvinyorwa. Nyanzvi dzinobvumirana pane imwe yezvikamu makumi mapfumbamwe makumi mashanu zvakagadzirirwa zvakagadzirwa izvo zvakauya pamusangano wegungano.

Uye, pasinei nekushaikwa kwayo, iyi muenzaniso yakaratidzwa seimwe yezvinhu zvakanakisisa uye yakanakisisa mukirasi yacho nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwezvimiro zvakasiyana.

Shandisa

Pamusana pekuti pakutanga chigadzirwa chekugadzira chaiva muLeningrad, tangi yeSoviet T-50 yakashandiswa kunyanya kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero mberi. Mimwe mienzaniso yakarova Karelian Isthmus, iyo inorwisana neUnited States mairi. Kuyeuka kwemashure emasoja ekutanga kuti tangi yeSoviet chiedza T-50 yakashandiswa munguva yehondo hondo pedyo neMoscow munguva yakaoma zvikuru yehondo inodzivirirwa.

Nokuda kwekuvhiringidzika pakutanga kwekukakavara, zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kugadzira nzira yakajeka yekuendesa motokari mune imwe nzira. Kazhinji kacho chisarudzo chegangi rimwe nerimwe chakatorwa mumwe nomumwe. Vamwe vavo vakaenda kunodzidzisa vashandi, vamwe vakakurumidza kupinda muhondo kuti vatsive T-26. Nokudaro, kazhinji "makumi mashanu" aifanira kuita pamwe nemimwe mienzaniso.

Sezvo makemikari aya akashandiswa mukurwa pakarepo mushure mekunge vatumirwa kubva kumafekitari, zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvavakagadzirisa zvaifanira kuchinjwa pamhepo. Semuenzaniso, opera yekutanga pedyo neLeningrad yakaratidza kuti injini yekutanga-up system inoda zvimwe kucheneswa.

Kuvaka

Kubudiswa kwematangi eT-50 kwakaitwa maererano neklassical scheme, apo chikamu chimwe nechimwe chakasikwa zvakasiyana, uye kereke yemoto yakapedzwa yakabva kubva munamato kusvika kumashure. Kunze kwekunze, mufananidzo wacho wakaita seyakakurumbira 34 mutsva nekuda kwemakona emakona ehombe uye shongwe.

Zviratidzo zvematangi zvakaverengwa kune vashandi vana. Vatatu vavo vaiva mushongwe chaiye. Yaiva mutungamiri, achiraira uye mhondi. Mutyairi we mechanic akanga ari oga muhurumende yekudzora, yakanga iri zvishoma kune rumwe rutivi rwechikepe. Mupfuri akanga ari kuruboshwe rwepfuti, asi mutyairi akanga agere kurudyi. Mutungamiri uyu akanga ari kumashure kweshongwe.

Hondo

Tangi T-50 yakagamuchira cannon yakashongedzwa semi-automatic automation type. Yakagadziridzwa muma1930 uye yakagamuchirwa nechinguva chiduku kuchinjwa sechinhu chechikamu chemuchina mutsva. Mabhizimisi maviri akaiswa pfuti, iyo inogona kubviswa nyore nyore kana yakakodzera uye inoshandiswa zvakasiyana kubva pakagadzira tangi. Rutivi rwokuputika rwe projectile rungasvika kusvika makiromita mana. Nzira dzinobatsira kutungamirirwa dzakanga dzichitungamirirwa nebhuku rekushandisa. Mhando dzakadzika dzaive nemakumbo makumi mashanu. Mutengo wemoto wemuchina wakanga uchibva kune 4 kusvika ku7 kumativi ose paminiti, zvichienderana nehutano hwevashandi. Mhando dzepfuti dzaipiwa ne 64 disks, umo maive neine zviuru zvina ma cartridges.

Undercarriage

Pakati pemoyo wegangi yeti tangi yakaisa matanhatu-cylinder diesel unit. Simba rayo raiva 300 horsepower. Zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu muhondo, vashandi vaigona kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzokutanga motokari. Chokutanga, nyota yekutanga yaivepo. Chechipiri, matangi emhepo akashanda akazotanga injini nemhepo yakamanikidzwa.

Matangi emotokari aiva ne-350 litres emafuta. Maererano nekuverenga, zvaive zvakakwana kuenda makiromita 340 pamwe chete nemugwagwa wakanaka. Mamwe matangi akanga ari muimba yokurwisana, imwe chikamu - mumutambo wokufambisa.

Nyanzvi dzenguva refu dzakakavhiringidza pamusoro pechirongwa chechikamu chemuchina. Pakupedzisira, zvakasarudzwa kuisa kupinza kwemagetsi kubva kuma-clutch disc, kane-gearbox geki uye maviri pa-board gearboxes.

Kune imwe neimwe yevashandi vanotsigira, kumira kwayo kwakasikwa. Simbi dzesimbi dzakange dzine zvidzitiro zviduku uye dzaive dzakasununguka dzesimbi. Vakanga vatsigirwa nevatatu vaduku.

Batsirwa

Pasinei nekushandiswa kuduku, vashandi vakashanda nejiki iyi, vakaona hutano hwavo hwakaenzana nekuenzaniswa nemimwe midziyo yepamba. Semuenzaniso, kutendeseka kwakanyanya kwekutumira nekusimudzirwa kwakarumbidzwa. Izvozvo zvekupedzisira zvaive nechinangwa chekugadzira zveSoviet industry.

Izvi zvisati zvaitika, vashandi vaigara vachinyunyutira pamusoro pekuwedzera kwekunyunguduka uye kushungurudzika mukati memukati. Zvinetso ne ergonomics zvakagadziriswa mushure mekugadzirwa kwemagetsi eGermany kwakatorwa sechikonzero. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kupa vashandi vose zviitiko zvebasa rinobudirira muhondo yehondo, izvo zvisingagoni kuvhiringidzika nokutarisa kusakanganiswa mukati memukati.

Matangi eSoviet enyika yechipiri kazhinji aitambura nekuongorora kwakashata, kwaifanira kuyananidza vashandi. T-50 yakanatswa uku kukanganisa. Mukuenzanisa nematatu akafananidzwa, "makumi mashanu" ainyanya kushandiswa uye anokwanisa kushandiswa mukurwa nekuda kwekureruka kwayo uye kurasa mabhallast asina kufanira. Yakakwirira yaiva simba rejini.

Pakutanga kwehondo, yeGermany anti-tank gun yaive yakawanda yakanga iri kanononi ine makiromita 37 mamita. Zvombo, izvo zvakange zvakagadzirirwa neT-50, zvichitarisana pasina zvinetso zvekutyisidzira uku. Nyeredzi dzekuvimbika kwayo yakaenzana neanoreva tangi yepamusoro pamusana pekusimudzirwa kwekuwedzera.

Kukanganisika

Zvaitendwa kuti kusakosha kukuru kweT-50 ndiyo nhumbi dzayo. Iko kanamoni ine mheta yemamilimita 45 yakanga isisakwanisi kurwisa masvingo edzimba uye midziyo yevavengi.

Chinetso chacho chaive chimiro chemakanda. Nekutengesa kwakakodzera, zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru, asi kuparadzwa kwegore rokutanga rehondo kwakatungamirira kumafekitari anounza zvinhu zvisingagutsikani. Mune chikamu, izvi zvakakonzerwa nokushayiwa kwezvigadziri uye zvikamu, muchidimbu-kubva kubasa revanhu vasiri vashandi, kusanganisira vanhu vevanhu.

Pakupedzisira kwegore ra1941 a new projectile yakagadzirwa, yakasikwa nehofisi yeGartz. Pashure pacho, dambudziko racho rakagadziriswa. Asi panguva iyo kusunungurwa kwematangi kwaive kwakamira.

Soviet industry haina kukwanisa kugadzira chigadzirwa cheT-50 nguva dzose. Niche yakagadzirwa. Yakanga izere neT-34 matangi, kunyange pasinei nemari yakakwirira. Asi mhando 50 yakaramba iine chimiro chevakagadziri pavakaumba maitiro matsva ekugadzirwa kwekombiyuta.

Izvo zvinosara zvidzidzo

Nhasi, zvitatu chete T-50 zvakachengetedzwa. Panguva imwe chete, hapana chimwe chazvo chakanaka chekushanda. Imyuziyamu yematangi muKubinka ine makopi maviri.

Imwe motokari yaipona yaiva muFinland. Hondo yenyika ino yakaitora iyo munguva yehondo. Imwe matanamu emutambo muParola ichiri kuratidza iyi T-50.