Caffeine: fomu, mazano, zviratidzo, zvivako

Caffeine, iyo iyo ichazobudiswa kwauri munyaya yacho, chinhu chinowanikwa mune zvishomanana zvekudya zvatinoshandisa zvinenge zuva rega rega. Green tea, kafi, black tea, Coca-Cola, chokoti, kocoa - zvose izvi zvinodhakwa zvinwiwa uye zvokudya zvine nhamba yakakura. Ndicho chikonzero ichi chinhu nemigumisiro yayo pamuviri inofanira kuzivikanwa nekuwanda.

Muchikamu chino tichakurukura kuti chii chinonzi caffeine, zvose zvayo uye zvinhu. Nokudaro, kana iwe kwenguva refu uchida kuziva zvakawanda pamusoro pake, zvino nyaya ino ichakwanisa kukubatsira.

Caffeine. Caffeine formula

Vazhinji vedu tinowanzodya caffeine (pamwe nekudya, zvinwiwa). Uye chii chaizvoizvo? Mukusayenzi, caffeine is purine-type alkaloid , iyo inonzi psychostimulant. Muzvisikwa, kazhinji zvinowanikwa mune dzimwe miti, kusanganisira guarana, muti wekhofi, chai, kocoa, cola, mate uye vamwe.

Chinhu chinonakidza chaizvo, caffeine inogadzirwa nemiti yakataurwa pamusoro apa kuitira kuti dzizvidzivirire kubva kune zvidzvara zvinodya mashizha awo uye zvinowanikwa. Inoshumirawo mbeu kuti inokwezva zvipembenene kune mapollinator.

Iyo ikemikari yakagadzirwa caffeine inotevera: C₈H₁₀N₄O .

Kana zviri zvemuviri wea caffeine yakachena, iri chigadziko chakasimba chekristalline chisina kuchena uye chisina kunaka. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, caffeine, iyo yakarongedzerwa iwe munyaya yacho, inogona kuva yakachena.

Maitiro eCaffeine Akawanikwa Sei?

Chii chinonzi caffeine, iwe watoziva. Uye ndiani uye yakazarurwa riini? Imwe mishonga yakakurumbira inonzi Ferdinand Runge yakavhura caffeine. Ichi chakaitika muna 1819. Zita rokuti "caffeine" rakauyawo neRunge.

Pasinei nokuti caffeine, inozivikanwa kwatiri tose, yakawanikwa kare kare muna 1819, chimiro chayo uye chimiro chayo chakaongororwa chete pakupera kwezana remakore re XIX. Izvi zvakaitwa naHerman Fisher, uyo akaitawo yekutanga maitiro echinhu chacho. Zvichida nekuda kweizvi, muna 1902 uyu musayendisiti weGermany akapiwa mubairo wakakosha mukusayenzi yenyika, ndiko kuti, Nobel Prize.

Migumisiro ye caffeine pamuviri womunhu

Apo caffeine inopinda mumuviri wemunhu kana wemhuka, inotanga kukurudzira hutachiona hwemutambo, inokurudzira kukurumidza kwemoyo uye, sechigumisiro, kupisa, kunoderedzawo mutezo weropa uye kune zvimwe zvinogadzirisa.

Kurwisa kwakadaro kwakadaro kwemuviri wemunhu kwakatungamirira kushandiswa kwakakura kwe caffeine kune zvinangwa zvezvechiremba. Inogona kuwanzoonekwa mumishonga yakawanda kubva pamusoro, uye inowanzoshandiswa seinosimudzira chiitiko chemoyo. Kunyange zvakadaro, caffeine inobatsira kubvisa kugona uye kuwedzerwa kuita zvepfungwa, zvichida nei mangwanani ezuva rekushanda kwevanhu vakawanda rinotanga nekapu yekofi.

Kushandisa caffeine

Caffeine, iyo iyo yakave yakadzidzwa kwenguva yakareba, yakawana kushanda munharaunda zhinji, kutanga kune dzose, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumashandiro ezvokudya, kunyanya pakugadzirwa kwemakinha emagetsi uye ezvinwiwa. Inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mukurapa. Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, caffeine chikamu chezvakasiyana-siyana zvekurapa kwezvimwe zvakasiyana.

Caffeine ine kubudirira kukuru mumishonga yemitambo. Vatambi vakawanda vanogamuchira zvose zvakachena caffeine mu mahwendefa uye maekisiki ane- maitanidzi. Muchirevo ichi chinokosha, kutanga kune zvose, zvichienderana nemigumisiro yaro inokurudzira, iyo inogona kuchinja zvakanaka mitezo yemitambo. Mukuwedzera, caffeine inobatsira kupisa mafuta zviri nani, izvo zvinoshandiswawo mumitambo yakawanda yemitambo yekugadzira mishonga, uyewo mune zvakawanda kuora kurasikirwa michina.

Uyewo hazvikwanisi kurambwa kuti caffeine inogona kuva inouraya zvikuru muurayi. Sezvo zvidzidzo zvinoratidzira, mukurapa kwepfungwa dzisingagumi, kushandiswa kwezvinhu izvi kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuita kuti kubudirira kwepenicillers 40% yakakwirira.

Dzimwe nguva caffeine inoshandiswa kune zvido zvezvikamu zvakasiyana nemauto. Somuenzaniso, mukudya kweUnited States Army chaiyo caffeinated chewing gum inowanikwa. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti haishandisi chete muUnited States Army, asiwo mukutengeserana pachena. Zvinotendwa kuti iyo chewing gum inokurudzira kushandiswa kwemuviri, inowedzera basa romwoyo, inobata zvakanaka nekusvimha uye ine zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekakineine.

Caffeine inogadzirwa muzvokudya

Kafi uye tei ndezvokudya zvechidimbu. Vanhu vazhinji vanofarira mubvunzo uyu, kupi kune caffeine: mune tei kana kofi? Asati apindura, inofanira kuonekwa kuti zvinyorwa zve caffeine mukofi hazvirevi chete pamhando yezviyo, asiwo pamwero wekucheka kwavo. Semuenzaniso, imwe kapu yemuchengeti inenge ine zana kusvika ku 200 mg ye caffeine, iyo iri mune imwe kapu yewaini yakasanganiswa ichi chiyero chinogona kuva 25 kusvika 170 mg.

Saka kune kupi kaffeine, tei kana kofi? Mhinduro yacho iri pachena. Chero zvazvingava, kune kineine yakawanda mukofi kupfuura mune tei. Semuenzaniso, imwe kapu yetii yakasviba ine 15 kusvika 70 mg ya caffeine, yeguru - 25 kusvika 45 mg ye caffeine, asi mune mukombe wekhofi, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, 25-170 mg.

Inofanira kurangarirwa kuti caffeine haisati iri chete muti nekofi, inoshayika mune zvimwe zvinwiwa zvakawanda. Inonyanya kupfuma ndiyo inozivikanwa zvikuru "Coca-Cola". Uyezve, caffeine inowanikwa muchokoti uye, sechigumisiro, muzvokudya zvose zvine chocolate.

Caffeine: mukoti wakachengeteka

Pasinei nenhamba yakawanda yemigumisiro iyo yakadai seCafeineine ine, inofanirwa kuva nechimiro chayo chakabvumirwa. Sezvakawanda zviongorori zvezvokurapa zvinotaura, chiitiko chezuva nezuva chakachengeteka che caffeine ine 400 milligrams pazuva.

Ndizvo zvakawanda kana zvishoma here? Zvakanakisisa kuratidza mienzaniso chaiyo. 400 milligram ye caffeine inenge midzi 3-4 yekhofi yakanyungudutswa nehuwandu hwe 0.25 litita, kana kuti 12-15 makapu e green tea yemutengo iwoyo. Kana kuti inenge 5 malita eCoca-Cola. Nokudaro, kana iwe uchinwa teji yakawanda pazuva, "Cola" kana kofi, iwe unofanirwa kudzokorora kudya kwako.

Kubva kune caffeine, iwe unogona kufa kana iwe ukatora zuva rinopfuura 10 magamu echinhu ichi. Kuti unzwisise zviri nani magiramu 10 e caffeine, fungidzira makani zana emagetsi, zvakadai se "Red Bull", zvakanyanya kuda kunwa kuti uwane chirwere chinouraya chezvinhu izvi.

Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kudya zvakanyanya kweaffeine, kureva kuti, zvinopfuura 400 milligrams pazuva, zvinogona kutungamirira kumativi ose evanhu kwete mimwe migumisiro yakaisvonaka. Somuenzaniso, pakati pavo panogona kuva nezvinetso zvemwoyo, kuwedzera mafungiro uye zvimwe zviitiko. Kunyanya kuwandisa kwechireve ye caffeine kune ngozi kune vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanokanganisa, avo vanowanikwa zvikwereti zvakanyanya zve caffeine pazuva ndeye 200 milligrams.

Apo caffeine iri nani kusashandisa

Sezvo caffeine iine psychostimulant ine simba chaizvo uye iyo pachayo inobatsira zvakasiyana-siyana, pane boka revanhu vanofarira kurega kushandisa chinhu ichi nemishonga iri nayo. Pakati pevanhu vakadaro, inofanirwa kunyanya kuonekwa insomniacs, atherosclerosis, zvirwere zvinosangana nehutano hwemwoyo, uye pamwe nekuwedzera kunakidza.

"Caffeine-sodium benzoate": mirayiridzo yekushandisa

Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, caffeine inoshandiswa zvakanyanya murapi yehutano, sezvo ine mhando dzakawanda dzakasiyana uye dzimba dzinogona kukunda matambudziko akawanda. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakurumbira zvakakonzerwa ne caffeinated "Caffeine-sodium benzoate", mirayiridzo yekushandiswa ichakurukurwa pasi apa. Anokwanisa kubatsira nematambudziko akasiyana siyana nezvirwere.

Pharmacological actions. Maererano nemigumisiro yemagetsi, mushonga we "Kofeni-benzoat sodium" unofananidzwa zvakakwana neaffeine.

Kushanda. Ichi chinodhaka chinoshandiswa mukuputsa kwakadai sekushaya mwoyo, kushungurudzwa kweNCS, pamwe chete nehupfu hwemhando dzose dzezvinodhaka. Mukuwedzera, ichi chinodhaka chinogona kushandiswa pamatambudziko nehope, ne enuresis muvana, pamwe chete kana zvichidiwa kuwedzera hutano hwepfungwa nehuviri.

Zvikanganiso zve caffeine. Kufanana nemamwe mishonga yakawanda, "Caffeine-sodium benzoate" ine zvimwe zvinokonzera. Pakati pavo, zvakakosha kunyatsoona kushungurudzika zvakanyanya, zvinogona kukanganisa kurara, tachycardia, kushungurudza uye kusuruvara kunogonawo kuitika.

Mumamiriro ekushandiswa kwenguva refu kwechirwere ichi, panogona kuva nechinodhaka kune iyo uye kazhinji kune mafiropu eefinine uye zvigadzirwa.

Zviratidzo. Zvakakosha kufunga kuti kana uchitora "Caffeine-sodium benzoate", zvinokonzerwa nemhando yehutachiona hwevanhu, uye inogona kuzviratidza zviri zviviri nenzira yekushushikana uye nenzira yekudzivisa basa rayo.

Kushandisa zvinodhaka kwechirwere ichi panguva yehutachiona kunogona kutungamirira kubvisa pamuviri, pamwe nekuderedza kukura kwemucheche, nekusiyana kwezvinhu zvinosangana nemuviri wake. Ndicho chikonzero, "Caffeine-sodium benzoate" haina kukurudzirwa kuvakadzi vane pamuviri.

Uyezve, mushonga unorayirwa kuti usafanirwa kutorwa usati warara, uye pasina mhaka inofanira kupiwa chirongedzo.

Kuwirirana nemimwe mishonga

Paunenge uchishandisa "Caffeine-sodium benzoate" pamwe chete nemamwe mapiritsi anorara kana zvinodhaka, anokwanisa kuderedza kushanda kwawo.

Muchiitiko chekushandiswa pamwe neestrogen, zvinokwanisika kuwedzera kubudirira uye kuwedzere upenyu hwe caffeine pamuviri womunhu.

Uyezve, caffeine kana yakabatanidzwa ne ergotamine inowedzera mukana wekuwana kwayo.

Overdose

Kakawanda kwea caffeine inowanzotungamirirwa nehuwandu hwemigumisiro, pakati peiyo inonyanya kuwanda ndeye: kunyanya kunetseka, kutanga kwemusoro, kusagadzikana, zvinogona kuitika matambudziko nekuziva, kuvhiringidzika nezvimwe zvinetso.

Kana vana vachangoberekwa kuisa caffeine muropa kunodarika 50 mg / ml, zvinogona kutungamirira kune zvinokonzera zvinotyisa, izvo zvinogona kuva tachypnea, kudengenyeka, tachycardia. Mune imwe nyaya yakanyanya kunyanya, kunetseka kunogona kuitika.

Mugumisiro

Caffeine inenge ine nhamba yakawanda kwazvo yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana nemigumisiro, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakurumbira mune pharmacology, uyewo mune zvekudya. Vanhu vazhinji vanenge zuva rimwe nerimwe vanoshandisa izvi kana kuti chiyero che caffeine kuburikidza netii, kofi, chokoti kana zvimwe zvinokonzera carbonac. Caffeine pachayo ine zvakawanda zvinofadza pamuviri, kusanganisira kukurudzira kwepakati penheyo system, kuwedzera kwebasa remwoyo, kurwisana nehope uye zvimwe zvimwe zvinokonzera. Zvisinei, nehutano hwemazuva ose hwema 400 mg ye caffeine pazuva, zvinogona kukonzera nhamba yakakura yematambudziko ehutano akasiyana-siyana uye kunyange kukonzera rufu kana 10 gm edziyo inopedzwa zuva nezuva.