Chii musket? The pakuonekwa rokutanga musket

Chii musket, vanhu vakawanda vanoziva zvakawanda pamusoro. Chokutanga ishoko chokuita magamba ose enganonyorwa pakati Alexandre Dumas - vakakurumbira French musketeers. Vakawanda kushamisika kuti kudzidza kuti wekutanga musket akaonekwa kwete France, uye kuvamba wake French havana kuita. Uye kuti ari musket, vakatanga kudzidza zvachose mune mamiriro ezvinhu pachavo.

Nyaya musket

Pakazosvika mangwanani rechi16 musoja remakore giya kwasvika pamwero kuti anowanikwa panguva nepfuti "nyore" nyore akarasika kugona kwaro. Mabara vanogumurwa kubva arquebus (the mugadzi ari musket), nokuda kwayo shoma uremu (18-20 magiramu) uye diki-caliber, vaisagona zvinopfuura zvombo uye chainmail masoja muvengi. It aida chombo itsva kuwedzera kuparadza zvivako. Uye nokugadzirwa chinhu granular upfu akanga chinokosha mazuvaano zvombo uye kugadzwa ane musket.

Who tega pfuti

The musket yokutanga (pfuti ine mudende refu uye matchlock) akaonekwa Spain, uye akagadzira nayo, maererano vamwe vanyori venhau, Spanish armourer Mokket kubva Veletry. kuvamba ake aiva Upfu kureba 140 masendimita zvasvika. Izvi kuwedzera mukuwanda Upfu yakawedzera kuti caliber pfuti upfu mutariri uye vakawanda, uye maererano, ayo siyana moto uye punching okufunga.

Asi kuwedzera urefu Upfu regai granular upfu. It aisafanira kuvaparadzanisa breech ari pfuti ramrod, sezvo zvaidiwa chokuita pulp upfu, kuomerera pamasvingo svota. Zvino, gunpowder pellets hwakabuda kupinda breech pasina rubatsiro, uye musoro akanga Akarovera ramrod wad. Kunze chinopiswa upfu kwakadaro noruvara uye zvakasimba, izvo kunowedzerawo kwokutanga nokukurumidza uye siyana bara.

Features rokutanga musket

Musket Kureba raiva 180 masendimita uye vakayera vanenge 8 makirogiramu, saka vachiridzira tsigiro yaidiwa. Akamutswa fourchette (Pad), izvo pane imwe kuguma rakabayirirwa pasi uye vakaisa pasi rechipiri rutsigiro mugodhi.

With kuwedzera caliber anosvika 23 mm (harquebuses akanga 15-17 mm) ikawanda kurema bara. Ikoko akava musket kuyera 50-60 magiramu. Vachiridzira siyana hazvisi 200-240 metres, uye ari kure iyi bara chibhakera nyore zvombo zvakasimba. Zvisinei, kuti varove muvengi kubva musket, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kuedza kwazvo. Mukana kuti chipfuro kukura zviviri mamita maviri akagadzwa ari chinhambwe 70 metres kuti ndirohwe, aiva 60 chete%.

Mukuwedzera, hazviiti simba vaigona kurwa chete murume ane utano gadziriro yakanaka. Kuti zvimwe kunyevenutsa nokurohwa pamafudzi kumbopfeka stuffed pamutsago, airidza basa nehana absorb.

Kuti undoraira pfuti, zvaidiwa kuitisa tsika.

Sezvo mhosva muskets

Ndinokuraira pfuti kubudikidza dzikapupurira buri. In dzaro rinokosha yemapuranga etui (zaryadtsa) teura upfu vanoenderana zvinobikwa chete vapfurwa. Gunpowder mu zaryadtsy kuti akaturikwa munondo bhandi museve, akayera pachine. On mbeu pasherefu musket kuti natruski (diki upfu mumidziyo) spiked upfu. Bara kushandisa rokuchenesa shamhu iri kusingachakosheswi dhiramu. Mhosva iri abatidzwa nomwenje unopfungaira, iyo rikazvisundira nembeu pasherufu ruoko. Gunpowder dzakaparira uye anosandudzira bara.

Saka, kugadzirira bara anopedza anenge 2 maminitsi, nguva zvaionekwa pamwero wakanaka.

Pakutanga muskets nepfuti chete vaifamba, uye kuverenga basa musket chaiva vanhu vaviri: nyaya yechipiri vakatevera unopfungaira, uye akatakura zvombo uye retafura.

Combat nzira nokuti Musketeers

Nokuda yakaderera mwero kushandisa muskets kushandisa chaiwo nzira. Masoja, vakabata muskets, yabuda mune rectangular sikweya, kudzama zvinogona kusvika kusvika 12 mumapoka. Mushure wokutanga chinzvimbo ikabereka volley yakapa nzira inotevera, apo iye vakadzokera shure kusvikira pakuguma kwegadziriro kuti reload muskets dzavo. Nokudaro, vachiridzira akatakurwa kunze anenge dzose. Zviito All akaita Musketeers chikwata, kusanganisira vachizvitakudza rikurumidze.

Chombo muskets Europe

Muna 1515, kuti French pavakanzwa kuti musket muhondo pamwe nemasoja Spanish. Musket balls nyore kuurura zvombo zvakasimba. Spanish achibatsirwa ake novelties refu-barreled akahwina zvinoshamisa akunde French.

Muna 1521 muskets kare chirwirangwe vakagamuchirwa nokuda mauto Spanish. Uye muna 1525, zvakare muhondo pamwe French, iyo vakagamuchira zita rayo nhoroondo "Hondo Pavia", vanhu vokuSpain vakaratidza pakubwinya kwayo zvose pamberi zvose akakwirira muskets zvimwe zvombo. Musketeers vaiva sezvisingakundiki rusvingo vamabhiza French.

Yakanga pashure muhondo iyi kuti musket, akasarudza kuziva mu Europe. Vakatanga nezvombo inifanduri vezvikwata muFrance uye Germany, uye gare gare - uye dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope.

Mune ramangwana, iyo musket akava nakwo kuvandudza. Masters zvombo kubva Germany chakatsiva matchlock nesilicon. Chikungiso, kutsiva mhikuriso asunungurwa ane romusarasara chitubu, izvo pamusoro kunokanganisa flints akacherwa dzomoto unopisa gunpowder. Kudiwa chibani yakanyangarika.

The yeDutch nani hunde. Ivo chakatsiva simbi kubva iyo yakaitwa, zvikuru nyoro. Izvi dziripowo panyaya yokuzorora pamwe vapfurwa.

Spanish, Dutch uye nokukwereta ruzivo kufambisa musket kusvika 4,5 makirogiramu, chombo nokuti vamabhiza. musket ichi vakava nokudenga, rinogona kushandiswa ose mauto, uye kuti zvakaitwa mumauto zvose European.