Microsomal oxidation: kuva wanda

Basa microsomal oxidation muupenyu nhengo zvakaoma kuona kana ndarovha. Inactivation pamusoro xenobiotic (zvine chepfu), kuparara uye paumbwe adrenal mahormone zvinobatanidzwa kuti muviri kwemapurotini uye Kuchengetedzwa yokugara mashoko - kunongova chiduku anozivikanwa matambudziko zviri kugadziriswa inobvuma microsomal oxidation. It is zvionera muitiro mumuviri, iyo vanomhanyira nokurohwa imwe chikungiso pfuma uye anopera elliminatsiey ake.

tsananguro

Microsomal oxidation - kupindana siyana akabatanidza wokutanga kutendeuka chehupenyu xenobiotics. Musimboti kwacho iri hydroxylation pakati zvinhu pamwe okisijeni maatomu uye chimiro mvura. Nokuda kuchinja nemamiriro kwemashoko yepakutanga, uye ayo zvivako kana zvinogona kukurirwa kana yakakura.

Microsomal oxidation anotora iwe kuti conjugation zvakaitwa. Ichi chechipiri danho transformations pamusoro xenobiotics, kuguma iyo kumbova dzichipfekeka boka wanamatira mamorekuru anobudiswa mukati mumuviri. Dzimwe nguva inotungamirwa zvenguva zvinhu zvinokonzera chiropa kukuvara muchitokisi, necrosis uye zvinyama degeneration kuti oncology.

Oxidation oxidase mhando

Microsomal oxidation kuitike kunze mitochondria uye saka chose anenge gumi muzana zvachose okisijeni kupinda muviri. Key makemikari ari izvi - oxidase. In nechivako yavo, simbi maatomu varipo pamwe shanduka Valence, akadai simbi, molybdenum, mhangura, nezvimwewo, uye saka vanokwanisa kugamuchira maerekitironi. Muchitokisi oxidase yaiva chaiyo vesicles (peroxisomes) iri wokunze mitochondrial membranes uye muna EPR (Dai endoplasmic reticulum). Substrate wakawira pamusoro peroxisome anorasikirwa rehydrogen mamorekuru, izvo kuda morekuru remvura kuumbika peroxide.

Pane oxidases shanu chete:

- monoaminooksigenaza (Mao) - zvinobatsira oxidize adrenaline nezvimwe biogenic amines neve adrenal mumasero;

- diaminooksigenaza (Dao) - munyaya oxidation pamusoro histamine (murevereri kuzvimba uye nezvimwe zvinhu), polyamines uye diamines;

- L-amino iine acid oxidase (kureva, levorotatory mamorekuru);

- D-amino iine acid oxidase (dextrorotatory mamorekuru);

- xanthine - oxidize adenine uye guanine (senitrogen nezvigadziko akabatanidza morekuru reDNA).

The kukosha oxidase mhando microsomal oxidation kunoratidzwa kuchaitwa xenobiotics uye inactivate pakugadzira kushingaira zvinhu. Education peroxide ane bactericidal chiito uye zvokuimba nokuchenesa mhosva ndiye rutivi chaizvoizvo iyo kune nzvimbo inokosha nezvimwe migumisiro.

Oxidation oxygenase mhando

Oxygenase mhando maitiro muchitokisi iri kuitika pamusoro dzemakwiringwindi endoplasmic reticulum uye mitochondria membranes vneschnih. Izvi zvinoda chaizvo makemikari - oxygenase kuti kusimudza yakachena Morekuru kubva substrate, uye kutanga nawo munzvimbo oxidizable fuma. Kana chinozoiswa imwe okisijeni atomu, iyo monooxygenase enzayemu rinonzi kana hydroxylase. Kana kudzidzisa maatomu maviri (i.e., rose Morekuru reokisijeni), kuti enzayemu inonzi diaksigenaza.

Oxygenase mhando oxidation maitiro unosanganisira ternary multienzyme kunzwisisa kuti paChikoro kutapurirana maerekitironi uye protons kubva substrate kunoteverwa activation reokisijeni. Izvi yose muitiro kunoitika pamwe kutora chikamu cytochrome P450, iyo vachange kurondedzerwa zvizere.

Mienzaniso oxygenase mhando siyana

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, monooxygenase kuti oxidation kushandisa imwe chete okisijeni atomu maviri iripo. Chechipiri, vari kuda mamorekuru maviri rehydrogen kuumbika mvura. Mumwe muenzaniso wakadaro maitiro ndiwo paumbwe collagen. okisijeni anyatsoronga mune iyi anoita se vhitamini C. Prolingidroksilaza inoita izvozvo okisijeni Morekuru uye anohupa proline, izvo zvinozoita ndiyo chikamu procollagen Morekuru. Izvi zvinopa simba uye elasticity pamusoro connective tishu. Kana pane kushayikwa vhitamini C, kukura gout. Kunoratidza neutera ari connective zvinyama, ropa, kupwanywa, kurasikirwa mazino, kureva, kunaka collagen mumuviri iri pazasi.

Mumwe muenzaniso uri hydroxylase kuti exchange remafuta akawandisa Morekuru. Uyu ndiwo mumwe nzendo paumbwe steroid mahormone, kusanganisira kurara.

haisi chaicho hydroxylase

hydrolase ichi zvakakodzera kuti oxidation vokune dzimwe nyika zvinhu, zvakadai xenobiotics. Zvinoreva siyana ndiko kuti zvinhu zvakadaro zvakawanda amenable kuti kubviswa, zvikuru soluble. Izvi zvinonzi detoxification, uye rinowanikwa zvikurukuru chiropa.

Nokushandisa yose morekuru okisijeni anogadzirwa pakaputsika xenobiotics kutenderera Zvinoitwa uye manyowa kunzwisisa nefuma kupinda dzakawanda nyore uye dziripo metabolic kwendangariro.

Reactive okisijeni marudzi

Okisijeni iri nengozi, sezvo, tingatoti oxidation - a combustion kwacho. Muchimiro O ₂ mamorekuru kana mvura akatsiga uye mishonga inert, nokuti simba rayo mwero Vadhakwa uye maerekitironi itsva havagoni kujoina. Zvisinei, yeimwe umo okisijeni haina zvachose pane peya maerekitironi vane yakakwirira reactivity. Naizvozvo dzinonzi tichishingaira.

Kwakadaro okisijeni yeimwe:

1. In monooksidnyh siyana anobudiswa superoxide riri akaparadzaniswa kubva cytochrome P450.
2. The oxidase Maitiro ndiyo paumbwe peroxide anion (rehydrogen peroxide).
3. Panguva apiwa oxygenation pamusoro munyama, izvo vakanodzidziswa ischemia.

The oxidizer simba kupfuura chinhu hydroxyl kukuru, riripo iri yepachena chimiro chete millionth chechipiri, asi kuti nguva nenguva kuenda zvinoverengeka oxidation siyana. Its chinhu ndechokuti hydroxyl kukuru rinokanganisa fuma chete panzvimbo iri riri kuumbwa, sezvo harigoni zvinopfuura jira.

Superoxide anion uye rehydrogen peroxide

Izvi zvinhu zviri kushingaira kwete chete munzvimbo dzidzo, asiwo vamwe kure navo, sezvo vanogona kupinda kuburikidza muchitokisi membrane.

Hydroxyl boka chinokonzera oxidation pamusoro amino asidhi residues: histidine, cysteine uye tryptophan. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuna inactivation ari enzayemu mugadziriro, uyewo nokuvhiringidzirwa yacho zvifambiso mapurotini. Uyezve, microsomal oxidation pakati amino acids kunotungamirira kuparadzwa maumbirwo nucleic nitrogenous nechigadziko uye, naizvozvo, kutambudzika majini midziyo muchitokisi. Uye oxidized mafuta acids anoumba sero membranes bilipidnogo rukoko. Izvi zvinokanganisa permeability yavo, basa electrolyte Kamudzira pombi uye nzvimbo Kanotokonya.

FIs ose microsomal oxidation - ndivo antioxidants. Ivo zvinowanika zvokudya uye anobudiswa mukati mumuviri. The inozivikanwa zvikuru antioxidant ndiyo vhitamini E. idzi zvinhu zvinogona tunodzivisa microsomal oxidation. Nemakemikari omuviri rinotsanangura kubatana pakati pavo maererano dzinovaka. Kureva zvakawanda oxidases, ndipo ivo woutsinye, ndiEzekieri. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti tirambe takatsiga pakati hurongwa uye nguva dzose pamusoro pezviri kwezvakatipoteredza.

yemagetsi senga cheni

Microsomal oxidation hurongwa hakusi soluble ari cytoplasm pamusoro zvinoumba kuitira kuti vose makemikari ayo aunganidzwa pamusoro pechiso endoplasmic reticulum. ino zvinosanganisira mapuroteni akawanda, izvo zvinoumba electrotransport redunhu:

- NADPH-P450 reductase uye cytochrome P450;

- PAZVINHU-tsitohromV5 reductase uye cytochrome B5;

- steatorrhea-CoA desaturase.

The Erekitironi anyatsoronga mu Kakawanda kacho mabasa NADP (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate). It oxidizes NADPH-P450 reductase, izvo unotora coenzyme maviri (kwechokwadi uye FMN), nokuti vachitora maerekitironi. Panoperera ngetani FMN oxidized kushandisa P450.

cytochrome P450

enzayemu ichi pamusoro microsomal oxidation pakati heme tubhokisi mapuroteni. It anosunga okisijeni uye substrate (kazhinji xenobiotic). zita rayo Rinobatanidzwa ne Absorção de Água chiedza ane wavelength kuti 450 nm. Vanodzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu vakawana muna zvose zvipenyu. Panguva iyoyo, akatsanangura vanopfuura zviuru gumi mapuroteni kungova cytochrome P450 hurongwa. In Mabhakitiriya, nefuma yakanyauka muna cytoplasm, uye vakatenda kuti fomu iri rinonyanya evolutionarily yekare kupfuura vanhu. We cytochrome P450 - a seinäkartta mapuroteni pazvinhu cytoplasmic membrane.

Makemikari veboka iri zvinobatanidzwa munyaya muviri pamusoro steroids uye bile mafuta acids, phenols, neutralizing zvinodhaka, chepfu kana zvinodhaka.

The ehupfumi kuti microsomal oxidation

The dzinotsanagura microsomal oxidation vane yakafara substrate specificity, uye izvi, uyewo, anobvumira kuziva zvakasiyana siyana zvinhu. zviuru gumi mapuroteni cytochrome P450 inogona akapeta anopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu isoforms yacho enzayemu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane vakawanda substrates. Izvi zvinoita kuti muviri kubvisa zvinenge zvose zvinokuvadza izvo kuumbwa mukati kana kuwa kunze. Zvibereko ari chiropa microsomal oxidation makemikari anogona kuita zvose munharaunda uye ari rebei kubva mumuviri.

Murau webasa microsomal oxidation

Microsomal oxidation ari chiropa inodzorwa panguva mRNA pamwero, asi ayo basa - transcription. dzakasiyana Vose cytochrome P450 Somuenzaniso, zvakanyorwa pamusoro morekuru reDNA, uye kwachiri akazviratidza ari ESR zvakakodzera kuti "nyorazve" mashoko kubva DNA kuti mutumwa RNA. Ipapo mRNA anorayirwa ribosome apo mapuroteni mamorekuru aumba. Kuwanda mamorekuru izvi inodzorwa kubva kunze uye runotsamira uwandu zvinhu izvo zvinofanira deactivated, uye Kuwanikwa zvinokosha amino acids.

Pari, anopfuura mazana maviri mashanu akatsanangura makemikari Activate muviri microsomal oxidation. Izvi zvinosanganisira barbiturates, zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon, alcohols, ketones uye mahormone. Pasinei ichi kusiyana pachena, zvose izvi zvinhu zviri lipophilic (soluble mune mafuta), uye saka kubatwa cytochrome P450.