Basil 3: vavatorwa mudzimba mitemo pfupi

The Grand Duke Moskovskiy Vasily III achitonga kwemakore 1505-1533. Nguva yake yaiva nguva kuramba zvinoitwa nababa vake Ivan III. Prince vakabatana nyika Russian kumativi Moscow uye akarwa kwokunze vavengi vakawanda.

kutevedzana

Vasiliy Ryurikovich akaberekwa muna 1479 mune mhuri Grand Duke of Moscow John III. Aiva mwanakomana wechipiri, uye saka haana kuedzesera chigaro pashure pokufa otsta rwake. Zvisinei, vakwegura, John munin'ina wake, akafa zvinosuruvarisa muduku makore 32 kubva chinouraya. Akakurukura chirwere tsoka (zvichida gout), izvo zvakonzera marwadzo anotyisa. Baba akanyora kubva akakurumbira chiremba Venice, uyo, zvisinei, akanga asingakwanisi kukurira chirwere (gare gare akaurayiwa nokuda kukundikana ichi). Mugari wenhaka uyo akafa akasiya mwanakomana Dmitry.

Izvi zvakaita kuti dynastic kupokanidzwa. Kudivi rimwe, Dmitry aiva nekodzero yokutonga sezvo mwanakomana mugari wenhaka akashaya. Asi Grand Duke mupenyu vanakomana muduku. John III wokutanga zvaidiwa chaiva zvakaitika choumambo kuti muzukuru wake. Iye kunyange akaronga wekuwana ari hwake (yaiva yokutanga setsika zvakadaro Russia). Zvisinei, Dmitry kutsauka kubva nyasha sekuru vake. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikonzero ichi chaiva zvarongwa mudzimai wechipiri John (namai Basil) Sofii Paleolog. Akanga ari chizvarwa Byzantium (Constantinople nenguva ino yakanga akatokundwa pasi kumanikidzwa vokuTurkey). Mukadzi aida simba hwakatamisirwa kumwanakomana wake. Saka iye namachinda vakavimbika vakatanga abvume John kuti achinje pfungwa dzake. Nguva pfupi asati afa akabvuma, Dmitry akaramba kodzero yake choumambo uye akarayira Basil kuva Grand Duke. Muzukuru ari mujeri, uye nokukurumidza akafirapo, zvishoma akapona sekuru vake.

Pakurwisa feudal madzishe

Great Prince Basil 3, policies vavatorwa uye mudzimba dzaiva kuenderera zviito baba vake, vakasvika choumambo muna 1505, pakafa John III.

Mumwe kiyi misimboti madzimambo maviri kwaiva pfungwa semhedziso autocracy. Iyo Grand Duke akaedza pfungwa simba mumaoko namambo chete. Aiva Vashori akawanda.

Chekutanga - mamwe machinda zvakananga pamusoro Rurik dzinza. Uye isu tiri kutaura nezvevaya vaiva mumiririri Moscow musha wakananga. Wokupedzisira guru Mhirizhonga Russia akatanga nokuti nharo pamusoro simba pamusoro Vanasekuru uye vazukuru, vaiva zvizvarwa Dmitry Donskoy.

Vasily aiva hama ina muduku. Yuri aiva Dmitrov, Dmitry - Uglich, Simon - Kaluga, Andrew - Staritsa. Zvisinei, vakanga chete magavhuna chezita uye zvachose novimba Moscow muchinda. Panguva ino Rurik haana kuita chikanganiso chakaitwa muna XII remakore, apo yakadhirika mamiriro wayo muzinda muKiev.

Boyar kushorwa

Chimwe zvinogona kutyisidzira Grand Duke vaiva vanokudzwa zhinji. Vamwe vavo, panzira, vaiva zvizvarwa kure Rurik (akadai Shuiskys). Basil 3, vatorwa uye mudzimba mutemo iri akaisa pfungwa kudiwa kurwisa kutyisidzira zvose kuzviremera, kushorwa woutsinye panguva midzi yawo chaizvo.

mugumo akadaro Somuenzaniso, akamirira Vasiliya Ivanovicha Shuyskogo. Jinda Izvi vanofungidzirwa mu tsamba muchinda Lithuanian. Nguva pfupi asati kuti, Basil akakwanisa kukunda maguta ekare akawanda Russian. Gavhuna mumwe wavo uye akatanga Shuya. Pashure hurumende yake vakazofa chikazikamwa muchinda, yanyadziswa ishe akanga akasungwa ari mujeri, apo akafa muna 1529. Kwakadaro madziro kurwisa kuratidzwa zvose havateereri waiva musimboti mutemo wokubatanidza nyika yeRussia kumativi Moscow.

Chimwe akafanana chiitiko chakaitika naIvan Beklemishev zita romusere rokuti Bersen. Wenyika ino vakatsoropodza pachena Grand Duke nokuda kwake mitemo, kusanganisira kuzvipira kune echiGiriki (ichi muitiro rava ndozvakajairwa nokuda amai Prince Sofii Paleolog). Beklemisheva aurayiwe.

chechi kusawirirana

upenyu Church akanga nyaya pfungwa Grand Duke. Aida rutsigiro vechitendero, kuti tibu- Mvumo yokuzvigadzirira. mubatanidzwa uyu kereke uye mamiriro kwainzi zvakajairika kuti nguva Russia (panzira, shoko "Russia" akatanga kushandiswa pasi Ivan III).

Panguva ino, pakava kusanzwisisana Josephites uye vasiri iwo. Izvi chechi-enyika maviri kufamba (kunyanya dzemamongi) akanga akasiyana nemaonero mibvunzo dzechitendero. Pfungwa kutamburira dzavo hadzina vanopfuura gavhuna. Non-iwo vakatsvaka vatendeuke kusanganisira abolition pamusoro landowning dzemamongi, ukuwo Josephites vaiva kuzvikudza. Pakupedzisira bato akatendeuka Vasily III. Domestic uye vatorwa mutemo kunoenderana maonero Prince Josephites. Somugumisiro, chechi vaidzvinyirirwa. Pakati varo vaiva nezviso zvakadai kukurumbira sezvo Maksim Grek uye Vassian Patrickeyev.

Kubatana munyika Russian

Great Prince Basil 3, policies vavatorwa uye mudzimba izvo kunyatsotevera zvakanga zvakanyatsobatana, akaenda Moscow kuisa yasara Russian hugota yakazvimirira.

MuPskov Republic kunyange panguva yaitonga John III akava muranda wayo muvakidzani wokumaodzanyemba. Muna 1509, guta vaunganidza dare, panguva iyo vagari akaratidza kufara pamwe nokutonga Basil. Raakasvika Novgorod kuti vakurukure kunetsana. Somugumisiro, mashoko Chamber akasimudza uye dzakabatana muPskov Moscow fiefdom.

Zvisinei, chisarudzo chakadaro aigona kukonzera kusagadzikana mune rusununguko-rudo guta. Kuitira kudzivisa "pfungwa chinovira", kupfuura simba uye anokudzwa vairemekedzwa muPskov vakayerera guru, uye nzvimbo yavo rakatorwa Moscow appointees. Nzira iyi inoshanda rakashandiswa naJohani kana anobatana Novgorod.

Ryazan Prince Ivan muna 1517 akaedza kuumba mubatanidzwa pamwe Crimean Khan. Moscow akatsamwa. Prince kwekukumikidzwa kwaJohwani, uye Ryazan akava kweUnited Russian mamiriro. Internal uye kwokunze Politika Vasiliya 3 yakanga dzose uye zvinobudirira.

Vachinetsana Lithuania

Hondo vavakidzani vayo - imwe pfungwa inokosha, izvo akasiyanisa ushe Basil 3. Domestic uye vatorwa wokuti Prince vaisagona kupa anoitika Muscovy pamwe nedzimwe nyika.

Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania aiva mumwe muzinda Russian uye akaramba vanoti aitungamirira chinzvimbo munharaunda. It mutsigiri Poland. In basa Omani Grand Duke aiva zhinji boyars yeOrthodox yeRussia uye feudal madzishe.

The chikuru pfupa nenharo pakati masimba maviri akatanga Smolensk. Izvi guta rekare muna XIV remakore, yakava rutivi Lithuania. Basil aida kuidzorera Moscow. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, paiva nehondo mbiri (muna 1507-1508 uye 1512-1522 gg.) In kwake. Somugumisiro, Smolensk akanga adzokera kuRussia.

Saka vazhinji vavengi Vasily 3. External uye dzimwe policies (tafura - a pamanyorerwo zvikuru kuona mufananidzo chii takati) muchinda, Sezvambotaurwa inhaurwa kuenderera zviito Ivan 3 Zvakatora kusimudzira zvido dzeChechi yeOrthodox uye centralization cheHurumende. Zvinotevera ichakurukura chii zvose akadurura.

Hondo Crimean Tatars

Kubudirira pamwe kune matanho kuti vave yatorwa Vasily 3. Foreign mudzimba mutemo (muchidimbu tafura rinonyatsoratidza ichi) ndiko kukura uye vapfume munyika. Chimwe chinokonzera nehanya ari Crimean Tatars. Vakaita akadzokorora vachirwisa kupinda Russia uye kazhinji akapinda kwamambo wePolish. Sezvo izvi zvaisazova zvaitombova Vasily 3. Domestic uye vatorwa mutemo (Pfupiso hurukuro iyi angangotadza ubudirire) kuva yakajeka chinangwa - kudzivirira nyika kubva nechisimba weutungamiriri. Nokuti chinangwa ichi tsika panzvimbo chaiyo yakanga hwakatangwa. At basa vakakokwa Tatars vanokudzwa mhuri, kupa navo matunhu. Friendly Prince wakaiswa kuti zvimwe kure inoti. Iye vakakonaniranarozve kukura kutengeserana masimba European. Funga vachipinda mubatanidzwa (pamusoro Turkey) pamwe Pope.

matambudziko emhuri

Sezvakaita chero namambo, zvakanga zvakakosha kwazvo kuti munhu aroore Basil 3. Foreign uye mudzimba policies vaiva munzvimbo inokosha yebasa, asi kuvapo nomunhu worudzii kwaienderana yemberi kutapwa ehurumende. The muchato wekutanga ichiri mugari wenhaka kuna Grand Duchy kwairatidzwa baba vake. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akasvika muMoscow muna 1500 vasvitsa kubva munyika. Mudzimai Prince Solomon Saburova imwe boyar mhuri diki. Yaiva nguva yokutanga kuti mutongi Russian kukabatanidzwa kuroorana haasi mumiririri raitonga youmambo, uye mumwe musikana kubva bureaucratic yeChina.

Zvisinei, mhuri yakanga kubudirira. Solomonia akanga asingabereki uye vasingakwanisi pamuviri. Naizvozvo, Vasily III muna 1525, akarambana naye. Zvisinei, vamwe vamiririri Church pasi pake kuti kutsoropodzwa, sezvo zvakanga zviri pamutemo haana kodzero dzakadaro chiito.

Nechekare gore rinouya Basil akaroora Elena Glinsky. Ichi mukupera muchato akamupa vanakomana vaviri - John uye George. Pakafa Grand Duke Sr. akanzi mugari wenhaka. ipapo John aiva 3 years, saka pane mitemo Hyatt Council, iyo vakabatsira vakawanda hadzimbotauri mudare. Uyewo dzakakurumbira dzidziso kuti matambudziko Boyar vakapupurira pauduku akaonekwa mbudzana vakapamba hunhu hwake. Gare gare, atova akakura Ivan ari Anotyisa akava mudzvinyiriri uye disposes ari chisingadiwi paiva kupfuura utsinye nzira.

Grand Prince Death

Basil akafa muna 1533. Munguva imwe yenzendo, aizviwana chiduku nebundu kuruboshwe rorudyi. It festered uye kwakaita kuti ropa chepfu. In mazwi ano, tinogona kufungidzira kuti yaiva kenza. Ava kuda kufa, Mukuru Duke akatora schema.