Analyzer munuhwi: marongerwo uye mashandiro

Mashoko ichibva kwokunze nyika iri panoonekwa yedu nepfungwa. Nokuda kwavo basa zvokusarudza womunhu muviri anokwanisa akatiita sei kuchinja zvose zviri zvakatipoteredza. Tuso kushanda pfungwa, kureva kunzwa, kuona, kunhuwidza, kuravira, tactile manzwiro uye vestibular nezvekufadza ndiyo chidzoke vachibvuma kuitika.

Mukuru Russian physiologist I. P. Pavlov akawana kuti paumbwe nezvekufadza kutora kuuropi cortical centre uko centripetal tsinga kufara inobva etsinga receptors. Systems rinoumbwa zvikamu cerebral cortex uye makwara - tsinga uye receptors, akatumidza analyzer kana Switch enyika. Gustatory analyzer, marongerwo uye mashandiro anoita izvo rinorondedzerwa kwaro anatomical uye morphological features, richaongororwa munyaya ino.

The mashandiro ari panowanikwa manakiro

Zvinenge zvinhu zvose kuti tinoshandisa sezvokudya, kuravira. The physiology vari 4 inokosha kuravidza: inonaka, zvinovava, yakashapa uye wakawanda maonero uye Kusiyanisa analyzer izvo anoita uhwiro. Ravirai kunogona kutsanangurwa se manzwisisire mamorekuru kwemakemikari zvinhu zvaisanganisira zvokudya receptors iri pamuromo uye rurimi. Kuti tinzwisise zviri mashandiro zvakabikwa analyzer, tava kuenda kudzidza ayo mamiriro. Saka, funga Runako akaita nzvimbo ichi muviri wedu.

Madhipatimendi kuravidza analyzer

Mumuviri wedu, pane chinokosha gadziriro, izvo basa kunzwa, kuona, kunhuwidza, uye tactile pfungwa. Gustatory analyzer, marongerwo uye mashandiro izvo tikadzidza ine zvikamu zvitatu. Chokutanga anonzi peripheral, kana Kanotokonya. Iye pakarepo kuona mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira kwezvakatipoteredza anokonzera etsinga harinzwi iri simba dzenzvimbo, ndura bioelectric nomunhu.

Ivo chinopfuudzwa ari weboka analyzer kuravidza rechipiri - Muimbisi. Iye anomiririrwa afferent etsinga. By kutambudza nayo anopinda cortical mugove uhwiro analyzer, izvo zvakananga pfungwa munzvimbo, uye zvine munhu paumbwe kuravira.

Mamiriro Akaita peripheral

Uhwiro analyzer, sezvambotaurwa, inoitwa zvikamu zvitatu. Funga zvakadzama kuti Kanotokonya kana peripheral vakaparadzana. It yakwidzwa chemoreceptors vachifunga mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira muchimiro siyana makemikari, uye anoziva pamusoro simba, unhu (modality) uye zvikuru. Chemoreceptors tiri chikamu kuravidza namabukira, Mabumba kana kuti dot muromo uye rurimi. The tsinga harinzwi kuti vane hanya wakawanda kuravira, riri pamusoro muromo rurimi uye napamusoro micheto, kusvikira shungu - panguva pamudzi rurimi, kuti inonaka - pamusoro muromo, kusvika anovava - pamusoro kumicheto.

The chaizvo kuravira chipande haridzimi zvakananga pemvura mucous Kamudzira mutauro, uye akabatana nayo kuburikidza kuravira pore. Mumwe chemoreceptor unotora kubva 40 kusvika 50 villi. The zvinhu zvaisanganisira zvokudya kuonana uye kuvatsamwisa apo vari peripheral chikamu gustatory hurongwa dzishande kwacho kunoitika achifinyamisa mu asina kuzvironga. With zera, vanhu kuravidza nehanya pachikumbaridzo rwuchiwanzwa, kureva kukwanisa kuona zvakasiyana-siyana siyana zvishoma nezvishoma.

In mhuka, aikanganiswa of kuravira analyzer nezera kashoma anoshandura, uyezve, ukama pakati zvakabikwa uye olfactory nehurongwa dzakaratidza zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, mune katsi kuravidza namabukira (Jacobson sepombi) vari panguva uyewo olfactory etsinga harinzwi izvo chinowedzera kwazvo rusaruro unhu zvokudya.

Sei wiring mugove

Kuramba kuongorora nzvimbo kuravidza analyzer, funga kuti nomunhu tsinga kubva chemoreceptors vanogona kusvika uropi. Kuti aite izvi, pane chikamu wiring. It inomiririrwa chete internet nzira. Anosanganisira shoma tsinga: chiso, glossopharyngeal, vagus, uye lingual. Zviri kwaari etsinga nomunhu anosvika muuropi hunde - iri pakati medulla oblongata uye zambuko, uye kwavari - kusvika optic thalamus (thalamus) uye, pakupedzisira, muna zvenyama akafukidza cerebral cortex.

Kukuvadza uhwiro muitisi mugove analyzer, semuenzaniso, somugumisiro chiso tsinga paresis zvichiguma haasaruri kurasikirwa kuravira nehanya. In zvomusejari kupindira, semuenzaniso, pakuvhiya pamusoro chiso dehenya chikamu zvinoderedza conduction tsinga nomunhu pamwe tsinga ndoga turakiti, kunyanya chiso uye vagus, izvo kunoita kuti vasanyanye kuravira wanda.

Cortical dhipatimendi gustatory hurongwa

Cortical chikamu chipi zviripo analyzers hazvo anomirirwa runoenzanirana chikamu nechepakati tsinga, riri cerebral cortex. It akaita huru mashandiro anoita zvakabikwa analyzer - maonero uye musiyano pakati kuravira. Kweiyi tsinga centripetal Rwako kupinda zvenyama akafukidza cerebral cortex, apo kwokupedzisira Kusiyanisa kunoitika wakawanda, zvinovava, chinonhuwira uye anovava kuravidza chikafu.

Ukama marongerwo uye kushanda kuravira analyzer

All mapoka matatu gustatory mamiriro zvakabatana chaizvo. Kukuvadzwa chero zvikamu izvi (Kanotokonya, waya kana koko) kana zvavo kwokubatana mumwe zvinoisa kurasikirwa kugona kunzwisisa kunaka uye rusaruro. Anatomical mamiriro uhwiro analyzer anosarudza kuti specificity pamusoro yeshoko nezvekufadza kuti kuitika nokuda kweiyi pakati chemoreceptors kuravidza wotungira.

Nzara. Sei iye anobva?

Emotional uye vasiri zvinodiwa zviri zvokudya yaunodya uye zvakanaka manzwiro dzinomuka pamberi norukosoro kwayo mukufamba zvokudya, rinonzi kudya. At inotungamirwa yayo kuwedzera kuona nhengo dzinobatanidzwa kunaka olfactory hurongwa.

Munhuwe mhando yezvokudya uye, chokwadi, chainaka zvisungo mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira, zvichiita etsinga harinzwi iri kunaka atwo excitation rikurumidze. Iye anopinda zvomudumbu centre riri medulla oblongata, uyewo nemamiriro ose chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita ino uye thalamus.

mouthfeel pamutemo injini

Sezvakataurwa masayendisiti physiologists excitation unomuka zvokudya, olfactory uye kutarisana kuitika (kuravira, chitarisiko uye kunhuwa zvokudya) iri mutauro chemoreceptors. Kuziva emhando dzakasiyana kuravidza (zvinovava, zvinozipa, yakashapa, vava) uye rinoreva zvakaitwa kuburikidza Analytical uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa basa uropi dzakanga zvikamu - cerebral cortex. Her rwepanyama akafukidza uye ndiwo musimboti kuravira.

Various pathologies uye kukuvara, izvo kaviri analyzer uhwiro zvinotungamirira ageusia - kukwana kana kwakakwana kurasikirwa kuravira nezvekufadza. It anokwanisika kuitikawo mune utano munhu somugumisiro nemavhairasi zvirwere zvokufema (rhinitis, sinusitis) panguva iyo kuzvimba ari kuchengetwa nasopharyngeal mucosa. Hyperthermia (kupisa mu anogumbura pezvakaitwa mumuviri) kunoderedza nehanya kuti chemoreceptors.

Touch chikafu ongororo

Kunyange zvazvo sechivako zvakabikwa analyzer zvose vanhu zvakaenzana, vamwe vedu, nokuda, pakutanga kwezvose, nemagene features, ine pasi pachikumbaridzo. Somugumisiro, pane rakawedzera kukwanisa sarura zvakawanda chikafu mavara uye siyana. The analyzer kuravidza uye olfactory vanhu vakadaro inonzi tasters vanogona kusiyanisa muzvavanoda kunhuhwa, somuenzaniso, kubvira 200 kusvika 450 mhando tii. Vazhinji vedu kushandisa kunaka kutsinga dzinouya hurongwa zvikurukuru nokuda Kuongorora palatability machikichori, nokudaro pazvinodiwa vaida manyoro uye unhu zvokudya zvakakodzera kuti dzose kushanda nemudumbu.

Chemoreceptors kuravidza utetsa dzingasiyana. Saka anowedzera panguva pamuviri (toxicosis zviratidzo), panguva lactation, mupfungwa. Under zvavo ezvinhu kuravidza inogona kusimbiswa Somuenzaniso, zvokudya nokudziya kusvika 30-40 ° C. nzira iyi rinoshandiswa muitiro kupima zvakabikwa zvokudya uye hwahwa. Somuenzaniso, waini uye doro vasati anoravira hazvo kushata.

Nyaya iyi akaongorora marongerwo uye kushanda kuravira analyzer. Zvakanzi zvekare icho basa rayo muna maonero uye Kusiyanisa zviri kuitika kwezvakatipoteredza.