How kutama earthworms? Basa earthworm zvakasikwa

Earthworm (Lat. Lumbricidae) ndezvevanhu boka kuti invertebrates uye earthworms suborder (Haplotaxida). muviri wayo rinoumbwa annular zvikamu, izvo nhamba anogona kusvika 320! Mhuka idzi rinoparadzirwa kumativi ose redu. Kwete izvozvo chete Antarctica. Kakawanda, vana vanofarira sei kufamba earthworms. Munyaya ino tiri kuongorora zvakadzama nyaya iyi, uye panguva imwecheteyo kudzidza nezvechitarisiko chavo, mararamiro uye kwadzinoita kubereka.

Lifestyle earthworms

Kana ari mangwanani kana pashure mvura kufamba kubindu, bindu romuriwo, Saka, somunhu mutemo, unogona kuonekwa pasi chiduku tsama ivhu vabudiswa nehonye, uye kuona pachavo uye puddles. Nokuti kuti vanhu ava zvinokambaira pamusoro pemvura mushure mvura shure kwavo, uye zita akavanamatira. Earthworm (photo, kumusoro, anoratidza invertebrate ichi) Uyewo zvinokambaira panyika usiku. Kazhinji, iye anoda manyowa-vapfumi ivhu, saka haawanzopiwi kuonekwa sandstones. Nezvaasingadi earthworm uye marshy nevhu. Izvi zvinhu zviri kutsanangurwa vasiri maitiro Lumbricidae. Chokwadi kuti makonye fema chose chenyika muviri wake akazadza slimy Epiderme e. Ari zvine hwevhu zvishoma kudaro mhepo. Somugumisiro, mashoko earthworm ikoko bhurukwa. Zviya, ichi inotsanangura maitiro yake mvura. Dry ivhu ndiko anokanganisa vamiririri Haplotaxida: ganda ravo zvaoma, uye kufema kwamira. In nyorova uye ushamwari ekunze earthworms (mufananidzo pazasi inoratidza Lumbricidae yose "kukudzwa") dzinoitwa pedyo pasi. With kudzikira tembiricha, uye pamwe veMubatanidzwa yakaoma nguva ivo zvezvokudya kupinda zvakadzama ivhu akaturikidzana.

Kutarisika earthworms

Vanhu vakuru vanosvika 30 masendimita pakureba, kunyange zvazvo pane dzimwe nguva uye hombe hukuru. earthworm muviri itedze, mvere, ane cylindrical chimiro, ine zvikamu - piecework zvindori. bumbiro kwakadaro chinotsanangurwa nemararamiro Lumbricidae: kufanana nemamiriro hwezvekukurukurirana sangano ivhu. Number piecework zvindori rinosvika mazana maviri. muviri pamusoro iyo inogona conventionally kunzi shure, convex, ventral - sandarara uye kupenya. On nomuviri earthworm, apo kuguma pamberi kwapera, pane thickening, iyo inonzi bhandi. Kune mumasero anokosha kuti pave Sticky zvokunwa. Munguva chokuwanziridza pamusoro bhandi aumbwa zai nhumbana mazai kuva mairi.

How kutama earthworms?

Nevamiririri Haplotaxida kambaira. Chokutanga, havana kudhonza pamberi kuguma muviri wake uye munamatire setae, izvo iri ventral kurutivi chindori pamwe hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka pamusoro pepasi. Pashure pane marwadzo ose tsandanyama uye kumashure chikamu muviri iri kudhonzwa mberi. Kufamba honye dziri pasi inozivikanwa kuti dzinoita ndima muvhu. In ichi Kana wakananga kuguma muviri iye achisunda pasi, uye pashure akakudzvinya pakati nezvimedu ayo. Sezvineiwo, sezvo earthworms kunogara kumisha yakawanda batana akaturikidzana. Panguva sangano, ivo kumedza nyika uye vakapfuura kuburikidza muura. Ivhu Makonye vanowanzotevedzera kumedza panguva wandei kudzika, uye vabudiswa kubudikidza horo yatova pamusoro, pedo mink ake. It kazhinji kuoneka pasi muzhizha ari muchimiro nemavhinga uye elongated "tambo".

Earthworm yaro bhayoroji

Makonye vane zvakanaka dzakabudirira tsandanyama, nokuda izvo uye akaita nzira iyi okufamba. tsandanyama dzavo vanowanikwa pasi Epiderme e, chaizvoizvo, ivo, pamwe ganda zvinoumba ganda-tsandanyama zai rimwe mhando. Tsandanyama dziri mbiri akaturikidzana. Pakarepo annular tsandanyama dziri pasi Epiderme e, uye pasi pawo - wechipiri, mukobvu longitudinal rukoko (riine refu contractile fibers). Panguva compression pamusoro longitudinal tsandanyama earthworm muviri kunova mukobvu uye mapfupi. Nengano rutapudzo ari mhete musculature nekusiyana, - refu uye dzakaonda. Alternate kuderedza zvose tsandanyama akaturikidzana, rinoitwa pasi pokudzora branching ari tsandanyama rinenge pakati tsinga uye anoita sangano Lumbricidae.

Kutama Makonye akwanise zvikuru nokuvapo pamusoro rezasi chikamu chiduku kusimuka muviri. Vanogona kunzwa, kana muchichengeta nyoro munwe pamusoro mudumbu ari honye neshure nechemberi pakuguma. With izvi bristles earthworms kwete chete kufamba muvhu, asi "kubata" nyika, kana vari kuedza kudhonza. vanobatsirawo kumuka uuraye basa kare nenyika unotii. Izvi rinogumisa kwedu kukurira mubvunzo sei kufamba earthworms, uye mberi kuva dzinonakidza chokuita Lumbricidae upenyu.

kweropa maitiro

Kweropa hurongwa earthworms chinosanganisira longitudinal midziyo miviri - uye ventral musana, uyewo awo unobatanidza. Nokuda kuti tsandanyama marwadzo kwemasvingo ropa pane sangano rose muviri. Ropa earthworms tsvuku. With payo, kubatana yakasimbiswa pakati zvomukati, uye akaita muviri. Achiparadzira ropa rinotakura inotonhorera yeimwe kubva zvomudumbu zvomukati, uye okisijeni akapa kubva ganda. Panguva imwe chete, kuti zvinyama rinobva carbon dioxide. Uyezve, ropa kuti nhengo outputs yavaive zvisingakoshi uye kunokuvadza yeimwe.

Nutrition earthworms

Hwaro simba vamiririri Haplotaxida kuti akaora chirimwa residues. Kazhinji usiku earthworms kuminyuka buri dzavo mashizha, madzinde uye zvakafanana. Mukuwedzera, vanogona kupfuura renyu muura manyowa-mupfumi ivhu.

Bundu pamusoro earthworms

Special pfungwa nhengo earthworms havana. Zviwane vakaona kuburikidza tsinga. Makonye zvikuru dzakabudirira pfungwa nokubata. Masero etsinga kuti vane mutoro nokuda, dziri yose ganda pamusoro. The aikanganiswa of earthworm iguru zvokuti vakawanda chiedza nokufamba ivhu kuvaita se kutsanya sezvinobvira kuvanda burrows that kana zvakadzika akaturikidzana enyika. Zvisinei, kukosha anenge tsinga harinzwi hakungoitwi mashandiro nokubata. Masayendisiti akawana kuti kushandisa masero aya earthworms vanokwanisa kunzwa mwaranzi yechiedza. Saka, kana gonye usiku kutumira furashiraiti danda, ichanyangarika panguva kumhanya panzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Animal mhinduro chero dzishande, kunze nemhaka tsinga, akadana dzepanguva. Kusiyanisa pakati akasiyana siyana hunenge. Nokudaro, zvinoderedza muviri ari earthworm kubva akamubata uye ake kufamba panguva kamwe chiedza ane kuchengeteka chaitika. Ichi rwokudzivirira dzepanguva. Kuedza masayendisiti dzakaratidza kuti earthworms anogona kunhuhwidza. Nemhaka munhuhwi vanowana zvokudya.

kubereka

Earthworms bereka pabonde, kunyange kazhinji protostomes vari hermaphrodites. Mumwe mumiririri Haplotaxida vane varume zvomukati, vanonzi testes (umo dzisingaoneki vakudziridze) uye hadzi zvomukati anonzi ovaries (zai masero vari kuumbwa mavari). Earthworm mazai ayo ari mucous guurwa. Zvinonzi aumba kubva venhumbi anosunungurwa kuburikidza bhanhire. nhumbana Next somunhu batira ruchitedzemuka kure muviri uye vakatama pamwe mativi. Anoramba ari pasi semazuva majaya honye kubuda maari. Nhumbana inobatsira kudzivirira nemazai unyoro uye nezvimwe nemigumisiro.

Uye unodei makonye?

Chikamu ichi chichava kubatsira vaya vanofunga kuti earthworms vari chete zvinodiwa kuti hove. Chokwadi, mubati wehove pasina pavo hapana kuita pasina kwavari murwizi, asi hazvisi zvose zvakanaka kubva nevamiririri Lumbricidae. Basa earthworm zvakasikwa iguru zvokuti haigoni hunokosha. Dzinoita kuti pave manyowa pane makemikari nyaya muvhu. Uyezve, earthworms kupfumisa nyika zvinokosha fetiraiza - manyowa. vari ariwo mhando paakati: kana ivhu rine yakawanda nehonye, ipapo iye ndiye yakaorera.

A kunzwisisa basa Haplotaxida yazadzisika kuti vanhu chete yapfuura. Asi ikozvino, varimi vazhinji vanosarudza kushandisa makemikari fetiraiza, pasinei kuti kuuraya zvipenyu zvose. Nhasi, nzira makemikari vakawana - vermicompost uye vermicompost. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiye munhu taikasauva pasi, nokuti ane yakawanda phosphorus, potassium, senitrogen, kuti ndizvo chaizvo zvinhu kuti zvinokosha miti wavo kukura zvakanaka.

mhedziso

Earthworms ndivo kubatana anokosha muvhu nokuumbwa. Ngatimboonai kwacho. In Mumatsutso mashizha idonhe miti uye vakafukidzwa yose panyika. Pakarepo zvichangoitika, ivhu utachiona kutora nyaya uye yaora mashizha kuti mufudze danho. Zvadaro osimudza Baton honye dziri kupatsanurwa pamberi danho vermicompost mashizha. Saka chinokosha fetiraiza muvhu.