Chii chinonzi divi? Zviumbu yakayerwa uye nokuyerwa kukanganisa

Kazhinji vanhu vari nemamiriro kuwana utano uwandu. Muchiitiko ichi tinotaura pamusoro kuyera chinhu. Izwi anowana kubva sainzi rinonzi metrology. Chii chinonzi divi?

tsananguro

Chipimo ndiwo muitiro dzokuziva muviri kwazvo rwokuyeresa zvinoreva kushandisa empirically. Mubayiro nokuyerwa kwacho - kunokosha mune yaigamuchirwa dzakabatana, unonzi musoro.

Pfungwa yakayerwa anonzi chaiko chakajairika kana kupfuura mananara aya, izvo zvinoumba hwaro kuyerwa. Somuenzaniso, tembiricha nekuyera achishandisa thermoelectric mugumisiro.

Chii nzira yakayerwa? Ndicho yakadaro seti nzira kushanda kuyera nhumbi dzavo nenheyo. Uye chii inzira yakayerwa? Ndivo kwesayenzi zvinoreva kuti vane metrological ehupfumi, ari runoenzanirana mitemo.

marudzi nezviyero

Saka, chii chiri nokuyerwa kunorondedzerwa kumusoro, zvinonzwisisika. Asi kunewo marudzi, mumwe kupatsanura iyo rinoitwa pachishandiswa kuti akayera ukoshi kunoenderana mhando mukana wokuti vanhu vanga nguva, mamiriro ezvinhu kuona kururama nokuyerwa zvabuda, uyewo nzira umo migumisiro aya akaratidza.

Kuvimba nguva

Kunyatsofunga kuvimba kunokosha, iyo kunoonekwa nguva, zviviri zviyero zvinogona kupatsanurwa:

• Dynamic kuyerwa avo, umo ukoshi kuchinja nguva. Muenzaniso chingava tembiricha kana kumanikidzwa kuyerwa panguva nedanho gasi compression injini sepombi.
• Akadana kunofambira mberi kuyerwa umo zvaida kwazvo pamusoro nguva hakuna kushanduka. Mienzaniso: tembiricha kuyerwa, kugara kumanikidzwa, miganhu.

Kuvimba mukana wokuti vanhu vanga

A nzira nemigumisiro izvo pakutsvaga chimiro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga kuti kuyerwa anokamura kuyera zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga, uyewo vagari uye tinofanira kugara.

• Chii zvakananga chipimo? Zviri kuyerwa umo zvinodiwa ukoshi rwomuviri kwazvo inotengwa zvakananga kubva Data vakawana somugumisiro ruzivo. Mienzaniso yakananga chipimo dzinosanganisira: nokuyerwa tembiricha ane lämpömittari, nokuyerwa ari dhayamita zvibereko uchishandisa micrometer kana caliper nokuyerwa pamakona uchishandisa protractor.
• Ndeipi kunanga kuyerwa? Ichi kuyerwa apo kubaya ukoshi akatsunga tichifunga ukama pakati avo zvakawanda zviri kuburikidza zvakananga chipimo uye aida ukoshi. Mienzaniso kuyerwa dzakadaro: nokuyerwa shinda dhayamita kubudikidza nzira waya matatu, kuwana bhuku muviri nokushandiswa zvakananga kuyerwa miganhu yacho. Zvisina kunanga kuyerwa yakatekeshera chaizvo kana mutengo iri kuoma kana zvisingaiti kuyera zvakananga. Zvinoitika kuti chete zvinodiwa ukoshi kuyerwa sananga. Izvi zvinosanganisira nokuyerwa kukura kwemiviri yokudenga.
• Chii nokuyerwa nhamba? Zviri kuyerwa umo zvaaida tsika takatsunga maererano migumisiro anoverengeka kuyerwa kuti mubatanidzwa siyana tsika. The chaizvo zvinorehwa zvisingazivikanwi kwazvo vagara vandifungira kugadzirisa mamiriro equations, izvo rakanyorwa kubva akatevedzana yakananga zvokuyera. MUENZANISO tinofanira kugara kuyerwa: Kutsunga mukanyiwa mumwe uremu yakatarwa, i.e. chinoitwa calibrated nokuda anozivikanwa Zviidzo anorema, uyewo migumisiro yakananga kuyerwa uye kuenzanisa nemhomho zviyero mubatanidzwa.
• Joint kuyerwa akaitumidza, iro rinoitwa panguva imwe chete kuti maviri kana kupfuura variables nemazita akasiyana kuti kuwana dzichipfekeka ukama pakati pavo. Muenzaniso raizova tsanangudzo chinhu wacho urefu, zvichienderana tembiricha.

Zvichienderana nemamiriro

Maererano ezvinhu, izvo kuona rakarurama mugumisiro, zvinokwanisika kuti zviparadzanise kuyerwa kupinda makirasi matatu:

1. Kuyerwa zvakarurama, unova kufadza. Izvi zvinosanganisira nokuyerwa soro zvakarurama uye bhuku.

2. Checkout. kukanganisa kwavo aine mukana haafaniri kupfuudza vamwe zvakafanorongwa ukoshi.

3. Technical. iyi yakayerwa, apo yokupedzisira kukanganisa ukoshi pakutsvaga unhu kunoreva inoshandiswa kuyerwa kwacho.

Zvichienderana kwadzinoita kutaura zvabuda

Maererano nzira okuti yakayerwa zvabuda zvinogona rakakamurwa kwakakwana uye hama.

• Chii nokuyerwa Mhedziso? Ichi kuyerwa kunobva zvakananga nokuyerwa nhamba yemabhuku kana pamusoro pokushandisa zvinokosheswa zvimwe constants chaiko. Mienzaniso: Pakusarudza amperage, kureba iri mamita.
• Chii nokuyerwa hama? Zviri kuyerwa umo zvaaida ukoshi rinofananidzwa nomumwe kukosha, iyo rine basa kana hadzisisina vakagamuchirwa nokuda yepakutanga. Muenzaniso kuyerwa dzakadaro: vakatsunga hama mwando, se nhamba mvura mhute pa cubic mita mhepo nokuwanda pamwando rokunyorovesa cubic mita mhepo ari tembiricha kupiwa.

chipimo hurongwa

Traceability zvinoreva kwemashoko ari hukuru pakati hukuru zvose. Izvi pachena, kana tikanyatsoteerera yokuti chete mutengo kuyerwa nevanhu zvakananga uye zvisina kunanga nzira. kusachinja-chinja kwakadaro kunogona kubudirira paakasika kwegadziriro dzakabatana. Yokutanga maitiro akadaro wakatangwa mukupera rechi18. Zvakazivikanwa ose arşive hurongwa. Uye wokutanga uchapupu-based system vezvikwata aiva maitiro yaida Karlom Gaussom. Rakazoshandiswa sehwaro vezvikwata matatu: wechipiri, millimeter uye milligrams. Zviri ano gadziriro vezvikwata yakavakwa maererano ive neMhedziso hurongwa.

Chii chairema kuyerwa uye sei vari

The chikwata chinonzi dzakananga ukoshi zvakatemwa uye wakasiyiwa chibvumirano. Nevamwe tsika yake vari vakanyora mamiriro ayo vakadarovo kuti kutaura kwavo saizi hama kuti ati uwandu.

Mumwe akayera mumuviri nokukura inofanira kuenzanirana kuyera pachavo chikwata. Saka, munhu dzakabatana zvinodiwa kuti kuyera nokukurumidza, urefu, vhoriyamu, uremu, daro uye zvichingodaro. Mumwe chikwata anogona pakutsvaga kusarudza mwero. System vezvikwata yamunenge, kana rine zviumbu mashomanana kuti vakasarudzwa huru, uye vamwe takatsunga kuburikidza navo. A bhuku chikwata kureba m. Kubva musi uyu, ari chikwata nzvimbo vaiona mativi meter, ari chairema nokukurumidza - metres por wechipiri, uye bhuku racho chikwata - mita cubed.

mhosho

Chii chipimo chokwadi? Iri izwi rinoreva kutsauka yakayerwa zvabuda kubva chaiko kana chechokwadi kukosha kwazvo kuti kunoyerwa. ukoshi hwechokwadi harizivikanwi. Pachirehwa chete yokungotaura zveBhaibheri.

Dzimwe nguva mubvunzo "chii nokuyerwa kukanganisa" rinogona kunzwika sezvo mhinduro imwe tsananguro - "kukanganisa nekuyera". Asi zviri nani kuti varege kushandisa nokuti zvishoma kubudirira.

Mhando yokukanganisa

Enderana chipimo chikanganiso ndiyo rokuti kukanganisa wokupedzisira dzakaenzana mugumisiro, iyo inogara kugara kana dzinosiyana nguva dzose kuramba kuyerwa rwomuviri uwandu. nekuyera hunhu runoparadzanisa vakanga vaine kwavakarerekera akawanda mhuka.

• Permanent Kukanganisa - chiri kukanganisa zvokuti anoramba kukosha kwayo pamusoro nguva. Iyi mhando ndicho.
• Kukanganisa Progressive - ndiye ari kuramba achiwedzera kana kudzikira. Izvi zvingasanganisira zvikanganiso kuti kuitika ichaparara kuyera mano kana zviteshi kuti kutaura mashoko.
• Periodic kukanganisa - kukanganisa ichi, kukosha iyo kwenguva nenguva kushanda nguva kana unomutsa Pointer mudziyo, kushandiswa kuyerwa.
• Kukanganisa, iyo kunoonekwa nomurayiro chakaoma - ndiye imhaka nokungwarira zviito enderana zvikanganiso zvakawanda.

Instrumental kukanganisa chinoumba rinonzi kukanganisa nekuyera ndiko kukonzerwa chikanganiso nzira yaishandiswa.

Rakarurama kuyerwa nzira iri rokuti, izvo anokonzerwa nokusakwana nzira, iyo yave wokurera kuyera.

Nokuyerwa mugumisiro

Chii Mugumisiro nokuyerwa? kukosha ichi mumuviri uwandu, uko vakawana nokuyera nayo.

Zvaiitika chipimo mugumisiro kunotaurwa uwandu ukoshi iyo inotengwa panguva kuyerwa pamberi wakatangwa kugadziriswa kuti hurongwa zvikanganiso.

Ruramiswa mugumisiro ukoshi chinhu ukoshi riri vakawana kana kuyera uye yakanatswa kudzidzisa zvakakodzera padzimwe.

Convergence of kuyerwa zvabuda aireva napedyo kwemigumisiro, izvo rwaiitwa zvakare kushandisa chete zvishandiso, zvakafanana nzira uye pasi chete ezvinhu.

Chii impact kwemigumisiro? Izvi napedyo mumwe zvabuda dzakanga vakawana panguva dzakasiyana-siyana uye kushanda nevanhu vakasiyana zvinoreva vachishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, asi izvo zvakapiwa kune dzakafanana ezvinhu.

Next chipimo Zvinoguma kutevedzana kwezviitiko zvinokosha zvakafanana zvakawanda dzakanga zvinobva nokuyerwa series, vachitevera mumwe.

nekuyera date

Nhasi haugoni chete kuyera mumuviri zvakawanda. Sezvo nguva noruzivo rwemakombiyuta, tiri kushandisa mashoko digitaalinen chimiro. Zvinogonekawo kuti kuyera. Chii nokuyerwa mashoko? Tsanangudzo iyi data, varehwa nomumba muzvikamu zvavo. A bhuku mashoko kuyera chikwata chiri zvishoma inova chitsama mashoko anowanika kana equiprobable zviitiko. Somuenzaniso, imwe mari kanda kungaita kuti vaviri zvakafanana fungidzira zvaitika. Kurasikirwa mumwe mativi unotora munhu bhuku ruzivo mune imwe wedzeredzei.

Zita chikwata ichi chidimbu rokuti "binary". Uyu nhamba zvinogona kutora tsika mbiri chete - mumwe kana razero. nhamba idzi zvinoshandiswa ose midziyo kombiyuta kupa chero ruzivo. Sezvo ikakuruma iri dikisa chairema nokuyerwa mashoko, itsika kushandisa yakakura. Icho BYTES, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, uye zvichingodaro.

Bhuku, zvinotora chero hunhu akapinda kubva kiibhodhi ndeimwe byte. Izvi 8 matomu.

zvabuda

Saka, zvose pfungwa inoshandiswa nokuyerwa vakanga zvakurukurwa. Ichi chipimo hurongwa kukanganisa ayo nemifananidzo, migumisiro. Zvaionekwa kuti yakadaro chairema yakayerwa, uye sei muzvikamu izvi. Zvose izvi zvinokosha kuziva vanhu pakubata nesayenzi, kadambari, kana chete ndangariro. Pashure pezvose, muzera mashoko michina akakodzera njere kuti ruzivo - isimba.