Chii Streletsky murayiro?

Streletsky hurongwa - mumwe vaitungamirira masangano mundima Vladimir-Suzdal kwavabati iyo pashure akakura yose Russian umambo. Mushure kubatwa wokuchamhembe-okumabvazuva nyika Yechinwiwa Horde vemo utariri akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze kuburikidza richikurukura chinokosha pamutemo miviri - zvirindo, icho gare gare akakura uzere administrative "hofisi" - varayirwa. vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti ano kuti nguva yaro, womukati utariri mamiriro akasikwa yokutonga Ivana Groznogo.

Internal okuchinja uye Streletsky kurongeka

Gore hwaro rutsva sangano - 1571 ndipo. Kudikanwa kuumba Semi-akazvimiririra masangano kuti utariri musketeer uye Cossack idzodzo yave kutanga kwenguva refu. Kuwedzera pamusoro Moscow umambo zvinoda kusanduka kudzora pezviri mapoka nezvombo. Fletcher akwegura kari vaisagona zvakazara nechokwadi kudzorwa Strelets mauto, uyezve, vamwe vavo ari pasi veko boyars. New nokuchinja kurongwazve zvachose dzakawanda mauto ose Muscovy, akaisa zvakananga simba ravo youmambo kuburikidza formalized nemamiriro matsva yaiona dzakabatana - varayirwa.

Activities Archer mirairo

Chinangwa pakasikwa muviri ichi yepakutanga yaiva kugovera zvokudya uye mari kubhadhara yevamiriri Strelets mauto. Mabasa Archer mirairo vakaburuka kungwarira basa, achifamba-famba mumigwagwa, mudungwe wemabhazi avaperekedze katakura. Uyezve, uta vaiita ano moto brigades uye kunyange ... scavengers.

Chokwadi ndechokuti zviri XVI remakore, Moscow haana rakasiyana nemamwe maguta Ages. The madhaka aiva kuramba neshamwari Muscovites. kuchenesa mumugwagwa kunze pamberi yakatarwa chiitiko, akadai panopindwa vamiriri wokumwe kana kusiya mhuri hwoumambo dzakawanda dzemamongi iri noruwa. mamiriro ezvinhu aya akanga untenable, saka zvakaziviswa kurangwa zvakasimba wagadzirirwa avo kukandwa padare zvakaora, kana kwete vakachenesa nzvimbo pamberi pamasuwo dzavo. Pasinei matanho kwete noutsinye, migwagwa vakanga vakachenesa irregularly uye ndisingadi, nemabhiriji zvaishandiswa pakugadzira panguva isiri nguva. Basa nokuti kuchena mumigwagwa guta rakanga vakachengeteswa mapurisa vemo. Zvisinei, mapurisa akanga vashomashoma uye vasina rutsigiro zvechokwadi. Pausiku mhemberero mapurisa zvichiwedzera masimba uta uye Cossacks, raakatuma Streletsky hurongwa. basa ravo rakanga kuongorora basa sweepers, scavengers, uye kuranga vaya vasina kuzadzikisa mirayiro yamambo mumigwagwa yakachena. Pakutanga, vapfuri vaiita basa chete muchirimo rokuti gore rimwe, asi nokukurumidza kwakadai basa anogona unoratidzwa choga, uye nouta sevarindiri kana mapurisa anogona kushandira vemenisiparati kwemakumi emakore.

Namasimba Strelets 'kurayira

All pfuma dzinoshandiswa Archer Zvinorayirwa mamwe madhipatimendi aizotungamirira muunganidzwa kwemitero kubva mutero vokuparidzira uye chernososhennogo miduku yokuruwa. Kugovera mari uye zviwanikwa muripo chaiitirwa pasi pokudzora musoro kuti, riri pachake mutoro kuna mambo nemagariro servicemen vanhu. Streletsky hurongwa akatonga nyika yakanga dzinounzwa "zvokudya ake" vatariri musketeer idzodzo, uyewo nzvimbo avo umo dzakagara imwe Royal divi.

It Strelets kuti aitarisira Manning ari zviumbu aumba kubva revazvipiri zvinoyerera nguva chinovawana. mamiriro ezvinhu aya kusvikira 1613, apo vamwe masimba zvaiendeswa hurongwa richangobva kugadzwa zviri Cossack Cossack yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro utariri. Nokukurumidza Streletsky kuti akava dzakazara mapurisa simba - pamwe mabasa okuongorora wobvunzisisa. kuwedzera Izvi zvaida kuwedzera muboka revatungamiriri, uye kuguma XVII remakore nhamba vanamabharani aishumira Střelecký kuti, ave inenge kaviri.

Vatungamiri mirairo

Panotangira masangano matsva kuva vatongi boyars, umo maiva vabatsiri wandei. Munguva administrative kuchinja vatana zvirindo Streletskoye akatungamirira vanamabharani Grigoriy Grigorevich Kolychev (1571-1572), Vasily Yakovlevich Shchelkalov (1573) uye Luke (Rudak) Tolmachev (1578-1580). The tanga anozivikanwa vanhu vakava musoro Archer zvirevo I. Godunov, uyo rinotungamirirwa wedhipatimendi kusvikira 1593.

donha

Muzana XVII remakore Streletsky murayiro yave akawedzera zvikuru masimba ake akava mumwe simba zvikuru masangano Muscovy. Pakazopera 1629 kwayo pasi akapiwa Armory kugarwa - mumwe nzvimbo zveramangwana maoko Russian rokutanga.

Muna 1672, nhamba nouta uye Cossacks yakawedzera zvokuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kusika zvimwe madhipatimendi maviri avo zvizere zvitengeswa - hurongwa muunganidzwa musketeers chingwa uye akarayira kuti kugamuchira Strelets chingwa. Vagari Pomerania akabhadhara mari kuti ikwidzwe. Vakaungana chingwa akaunzwa kuMoscow zvikurukuru Zhitnyaya pavazhe, chiri mukati kufamba chinhambwe kubva Kaluga uye Myasnitskaya gedhi runodzivirira. Kugamuchirwa uye chokuendesa chingwa migove vaitarisira nevanyori vanamabharani basa kubva zvokuwedzera uta yemo regiments.

kuedza kuchinja

Muna 1676 paiva kuedza kuwedzera Streletsky murayiro tama mugomba pasi Moscow zvokuwedzera masoja 'regiments, asi muna 1680 chisarudzo vasazvibvumira. Panguva iyoyo kuita Archer mirairo vakanga wakasuduruka mapurisa uta, uye ikozvino mirairo administrated chete strelets ravarwi.

The abolition of murayiro Archer

Kubviswa Strelets mauto kwakaitika mumakore okutanga rokutonga Peter Mukuru. Constant nezvakawanda hikes, pfumbamuromo uye kushungurudzwa nevanhu wechikuru utariri musketeers zvakatungamirira kupandukira. Muna 1698, mumwe akatadza kuedza panguva kwebope zvakaita kuti hwokuuraya uta zhinji. Yaiuya uye kurwadziswa pamusoro chevaux Peter akanga zvakananga nidzwa. All vakaurayiwa zvuru zviviri uta, branding uye vakaburitswa - vanenge zviuru zvitatu.

Kuvhiya Streletsky kuti rava nemanyepo - akanga asina nehondo kana mari. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mumwe zvikuru masangano of Moscow anotendeuka kupinda zvavo zveupfumi uye administrative masangano. The kuchinja kwacho chabviswa Zemsky murayiro, uye, sezvo zvakaguma mabasa ayo zvakave Streletsky, uyo panguva iyoyo vachiri chinokosha muboka revatungamiriri uye operative utariri.

Strelets kuti yakaguma 23 June 1701. Special Imperial chirevo zvakanzi kunzi mune kuitira Zemsky munyaya. Iye A shoma gare gare vakanga varasikirwa chero ukama kuhondo uye mukati Mauto - zvose mitambo izvi zvaitambidzwa richangobva kugadzwa Office - Order of Military Affairs.