Ndianiko - mutongi muGirisi yekare?

Munhu wose anoziva kuti Ancient Greece - ane pose vakaziva Dzinde hweruzhinji. Asi pamwe ichi enyika vakaedza kubva Greece uye nedzimwe mhando hurumende. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti zvaakanyora, Aristotle, pamwe hweruzhinji (iye anodana wake polity), zvinoita kuti vakakwirira uye umambo. Chero yakatsauka kubva youmambo simba Aristotle inonzi vanodzvinyirirwa. Zvichienderana imwe hurumende nevamwe nguva, mutongi muGirisi yekare vangava mazita akasiyana. Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, izvozvo zvaitsamira nzira umo kwokubatsira nyika vakatakura kunze.

Krete-Mycenaean nguva

Zvichida tanga nguva akadzidza Ancient Greece yaiva yendarira Age. Available magwaro anoratidza monarchical Hurumende mazano mumazuva iwayo. Mubati muGirisi yekare, ainzi "Wanaka", iro rakashandurirwa se "tenzi," "ishe" "mambo." Pamwe chete mutongi mukuru, hurumende (zvichida varikutonga) kwakaitwa basileus. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti munguva dzinouya shoko Basileus rinoreva "Mambo". Asi panguva mambakwedza echiGiriki yebudiriro basileus zvinoenderana vamwe, zvikuru nomwero mabasa chokuita basa uye zvinoitwa zvechiuto.

Homer ichikosha

The Iron Age muGreece, itsva mhando socio-enyika - mitemo. Panguva ino, Homer akanyora anoshamisa ake - "rinonzi Iliad" uye "Odyssey." Kubva pane zvaanotsanangura of Trojan War anogona kuwanikwa dzakawanda mazita vaiva vatongi Greece yekare. List basileus, akanga atopiwa simba rizere, yakafara. Pamwe madzimambo mazita, akadai Odysseus, Diomedes, Nestor, achilles, uye Dynasties vanodudzwa - Atreus, Labdakidy, neleides nevamwe. Vatongi All muGirisi yekare vaionekwa vazukuru vanamwari. With zvose izvi dynastic umambo munyika ino hazvina kuitika.

nguva vadzvinyiriri

Panguva kwezana 7-6 emakore fung. BC. e. policies zhinji nesimba yakapfuura mumaoko dzinodzvinyirira. Vamwe vavo vaiva chaizvo inopenya uye vakabudirira vanhu, izvo kwapera aizonzi "vatongi Greece yekare." Mazita Periander, Pisistratus, Kypseli nevamwe. A maitiro chinhu pamusoro zvose vatongi nenguva - the tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma uye pfupi-izwi musimba. Achiratidza panyaya iyi yaiva Biography ari mudzvinyiriri Dhionisio aitonga Syracuse. Nezvenzvimbo strategist autocrat iye akasarudzwa munguva yehondo, asi pashure muvengi mapfumo, Dhionisio kuSirakusi vakaramba kutonga kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu.

archons

KuDemocratic nguva mitemo veguta-inoti mubasa kudzora tenzi yepamutemo, izvo akatonga Archons. Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki archon - mutongi, mukuru, mukuru. Rimwe shoko aigona unodana pachake mutongi muGirisi yekare - chipepa. Somuenzaniso, muna Thessaly Yason Fersky chakakodzera aizviti tagom.

Vazhinji mitemo pamusoro murwiyo kwake kunganzi kana democratic kana oligarchic. Musiyano akarara pakuti ari hweruzhinji muvanhu, kodzero dzokuvhota vose vagari vakasununguka, ari oligarchic - chete vanhu venzvimbo kubudirira. Yokufananidzira muenzaniso mutungamiriri democratic kwomusasa yakava Pericles. simba rake kwaiva kukuru kwazvo zvokuti iye yakakodzerwa honorary remadunhu- kuti "demagogue" zvinoreva "huchatonga vanhu." With shoko azviwanira nezvacho pamusoro nguva. Asi Pericles vakatakura musoro demagogue akanakidzwa zvakakodzera kuremekedzwa.

Pashure pokukundwa Greece kubudikidza Aleksandrom Makedonskim vake vehondo - Dhemetriyo uye Antigonus - vakatanga kudana pachavo madzimambo. With ndimo makapiwa akatanga deify nokufamba kwenguva, uye kune Roman kukunda zvenyika mutongi ose muGirisi yekare kwainzi mambo, uye zvinogona kutapurira nesimba nhaka.