"Chitendero - chinodhaka vanhu." Ndiani muvambi nemutsara?

Vazhinji vedu vanoziva okuti "Chitendero -. Chinodhaka vanhu" Kazhinji vanhu vanoshandisa pakutaura kwavo kwezuva nezuva, asi kwete vose anofunga pamusoro wayo rakanyorwa.

Kunyange zvakadaro, avo vakati mashoko aya kokutanga? Ivo nei kuchapararira kudaro? Tinoedza kuita zvizere mibvunzo iyi.

Ndiani wokutanga akati mutsara uyu?

Vaongorori vanodavira kuti kekutanga rokuti "Chitendero - chinodhaka vanhu" yaishandiswa mabasa ake, vamiririri vaviri nyika mabhuku Western: kuti Marquis of ndokuti uye Novalis. Kunyange zvazvo zviri zvishoma nechekare inowanikwa mabasa dzenhoroondo vamiririri Kujekerwa, kubvira muzana remakore rechi18, asi ichiri kunzi kuva nguva yokutanga vakanga ataura mashoko aya mumwe heroines ari mabasa Marquis of ndokuti.

Munguva yokufungidzira, asi Marquis of ndokuti akadana "naJuliette", rakabudiswa muna 1797, chikuru hunhu, achitaura namambo, achimuudza kuti mutongo vepamusoro kwenzanga anonyengera vanhu, intoxicates iye chinodhaka. It anoita izvi nokuda kwavo pachavo zvoudyire.

nzira iyi, mashoko ari kududzirwa Marquis of ndokuti regai kureva chitendero, asi kune evanhu urongwa munzanga vamwe vanhu, achitora hune chinzvimbo, akararama tichiregeredza basa uye urombo nevamwe.

chitendero Novalis

Zvisinei, mune mabasa German nyanduri Novalis mugumisiro chitendero atopiwa chokuita zvakananga kuitwa chinodhaka. Chitendero sezvo chinodhaka inobata vanhu, asi haina kurapa maronda avo, asi chete anouraya marwadzo nokutambura.

Kazhinji, mutsara uyu hapana Mwari kana kupanduka. Mumakore iwayo, chinodhaka waishandiswa sezvo huru rufimbi, saka hazvina sechinhu mushonga uye senzira yokutsigira vanhu vanorwara.

For zvinangwa nhetembo uyu Novalis, izvo zvinoreva marwadzo mugumisiro chitendero angangorema mupfungwa yokuti chitendero kunogona kuita muupenyu kwenzanga zvakwakanakira pfungwa, aoma mitigating marwadzo zvemagariro zviripo kuti hakudzivisiki chero nguva.

"Chitendero - nokuti vanhu chinodhaka" Ndiani akataura mashoko aya muEngland?

Mashoko pamusoro kukosha chitendero chichivheyeswa nemabasa Novalis uye Marquis of ndokuti angadai kukanganwika, kana kwete kuzodzosera akabuda mu England.

Mashoko aya akati mumharidzo yake, Anglican mufundisi Charlz Kingsli. Aiva mavara unhu: njere uye vakadzidza murume, Kingsley akava mumwe havaoni yechiKristu gutsaruzhinji pfungwa - kudzidzisa, unosanganisira mashoko kugadzirisa kwenzanga dzemitemo yechiKristu dzetsika.

Mashoko okuti "Chitendero - chinodhaka vanhu" murugwaro mupristi ichi chinoshandiswa kureva "munhu kunyaradza marwadzo."

Chokwadi ndechokuti zviri pakati rokupedzisira remakore kuWestern pfungwa dzakanga nenharo nharo pamusoro iyo nzira anofanira kusarudzwa kuti vanhu nzira Humanism wechiKristu, gutsaruzhinji wechiKristu, nzira kuna Mwari gutsaruzhinji, kana kungoti Kuchengetedzwa huripo kuti nyika.

Mumwe vavengi Kingsley akava anozivikanwa muzivi uye munyori wenyaya Karl Marx.

What Marx akati?

Kunyanya nemhaka Marx, mutsara uyu uye vakagamuchira yakafara kutenderera kwakadaro. In basa rake yakakurumbira "The nekuongorora kuti Hegel kwakaita Uzivi Ezvakanaka", yakabudiswa muna 1843, muzivi pamwe vehemence yaingowanikwa kwaari uye categorically akataura kuti chitendero inzira Anyarara vanhu, achiratidza chido vanhu kutiza pakudzorwa zvakasikwa dzavo uye mitemo navasakarurama vanhu.

Kusvikira zvino, vazivi shoma akamboda pachaunga kunyora mashoko aya pamusoro chitendero. Kutaura zvazviri, aiva matavi yemberi kuparidzira kusatendera uye gutsaruzhinji, uyo akakunda nyika chete mumakumi emakore akazotevera yokutanga.

Zvimwe pachake pasina ndazviziva kusvikira pakuguma, akaita zvakawanda kuparadza pfungwa yechiKristu muWestern akafunga Marx. "Chitendero - chinodhaka vanhu" - aya mupfungwa kuti chinorehwa muparidzi gutsaruzhinji, zvakanga kukutyisa kuti zvechitendero zvikuru munhu. kuparadza ake richiratidzwa pakuti vakachinja chitendero kuva pasocial sangano, magariro noukama akavhara nyaya yacho pamberi paMwari ari munhu nyika.

basa Marx kwakaita akakonzera chihombe pachena kuchema, uye naizvozvo mashoko nezvechitendero akayeuka venguva.

Lenin zvakanyorwa pamusoro chitendero

Asi zvikuru mberi mukunzwisisa kwavo chitendero vakaenda V. I. Lenin. Revolutionary, aiva netariro tinyatsonzwisisa panyaya "mutemo waMwari" chesekondari, muna 1905, akanyora chitendero sechinhu yomudzimu kudzvinyirira nzira kuti inofanira risingabatanidzwi magariro.

Saka, munyori rokuti "Chitendero - chinodhaka vanhu" (mutsara kwakakwana zvakananga unorira "Chitendero - chinodhaka vanhu") anogona kunzi sezvo Vladimira Ilicha.

Pashure mumwe makore 4, Lenin akataura nezvechitendero uye zvakawanda kunyanya, akataura ari munyaya yake kuti mutsara Marx zvinofanira kunzwisiswa sezvo musimboti Marxism, inomira nezvokuti chitendero inzira varanda vanhu nemakirasi mutongo.

Pakupedzisira, yakati Kuda Bender?

Mushure Bolshevik Revolution, mabasa Marx neshamwari dzake achishingaira akadzidza muzvikoro Soviet uye mumayunivhesiti. Vazhinji zvirevo vakagamuchira panguva imwecheteyo chinosetsa kuenda kuvanhu.

Vakabatsira ichi uye satirical mabhuku makore iwayo. Munguva yokufungidzira, vanyori vaviri I. Ilf uye Petrov kuti "The gumi Chairs" muduku mushingi Kuda Bender anokumbira mupristi wake mukwikwidzi pamusoro sei otengesa chinodhaka vanhu. Izvi Nhaurirano pakati miviri vatambi yakanyorwa saka sowakajeka kuti rokuti chinodhaka yava dzakakurumbira chaizvo.

Saka nhasi, kana mumwe munhu anoshandisa mutsara muchibata kwete mabasa Marx uye Lenin, uye nhaurirano pakati magamba maviri yakakurumbira yokufungidzira.

Saka zvinoitika kuti vakawanda, yake Lenin zvinoreva mutsara uyu haana midzi munzanga yedu. Chitendero nhasi hakunganzi senzira kudhaka. Iyi haisi mushonga inotungamirira vanhu kupinda mumamiriro kudhaka, uye kubatsirwa uye kutsigirwa nevanhu kunoreva.

Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti vazhinji vedu vanonyatsoziva okuti "Chitendero -. The chinodhaka vanhu vakati mashoko aya, hazvina kukosha, nokuti mashoko zvino kushandiswa zvikuru munyika chinosetsa tsinga. Uye ichi angangotadza kuchinja.