Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich - Soviet polar aiongorora, redhiyo opareta: Biography, mhuri

Mumwe chete kungava Heroes Soviet Union. madenderedzwa izvi akasangana vanyori, vaimbi, voruzhinji, vadzidzisi. Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich uyewo anobatana pamisara yavo somumwe chakanakisisa uye polar redhiyo dzaishandisa.

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Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich - Soviet redhiyo opareta, uye muchirongwa zhinji polar nzendo dziri kweArctic, akaberekwa December 24, 1903 muguta Bialystok. Zvadaro ndima iyi vaiva Russian Empire, nhasi zviri Poland. Sezvo vamiririri kushanda intelligentsia uye kuva kwayo mari, mhuri Ernst akaita zvose vana vavo kuti vawane dzidzo yakanaka.

Kutama kwakaitika muMoscow muna 1910. Zvisinei, kare makore matatu gare gare, mukomana akatanga kudzidza jimunasiyamu panguva nemachechi Swiss, vakatanga hondo uye haana kumupa mukana kuipedza. Times vaiva nesimba uye jaya, kwete nokusema kunyange basa chinonetsa akaiswa kwake kuti abatsire vabereki vake. Iye arongedza mumapasuru, aiva mudzidziri webasa makanika, vachiisa mapepa uye akabatsira magetsi. Asi mano jaya rakanga asina kukwana, uye muna 1921 akanga Telegraphist kosi zvisingaperi mwedzi mipfumbamwe. Yakanga kutama uku kwakachinja upenyu hwake.

Start basa nzira

On ake basa yokutanga iye ari kuparadzirwa. Yakanga Lyuberetskaya yemapurisa. Uye ichi pasinei nokuti vakapedza kosi aya kazhinji chinhu chokutanga akaenda Labor Exchange kunotsvaka basa. Takatsunga kuramba kuvandudza unyanzvi hwavo, Ernst akapinda radiotehnikum. Pashure pemakore maviri basa uye kudzidza, akabudisa. Ndiri pedyo negungwa, uye akaenda Leningrad vachida kuenda rengarava. Asi, akatora rwendo yake yokutanga kweArctic Ocean. Other redhiyo dzaishandisa haana kubvumirana - the muhoro iri diki, nguva gore. Ernst haana kutya uye akaenda pakundopambara.

Zvakazozivikanwa kuti ake wemari hunhu, mutsa, pfungwa yakanaka yokufara - chete zvaunoda kuti chaiyo polar aiongorora. Callsign Krenkel aiva RAEM, akaziva redhiyo dzaishandisa uye vatsvakurudzi yose North. Muna 1929 kwaiva rwendo kuna Jehovha / R "G. Sedov ". Pashure munyika rwendo ari airship "Graf Zeppelin", uye vamwe vazhinji vave kucherechedza munhoroondo pakudzidza kweArctic.

Station "North Pole-1"

Muna 1936, pashure pokunge vadzoka Moscow Ernst kwekanguva kuita chinhu chinokosha. Zvisinei, muna May 1937, iye nevamwe vatsvakurudzi vatatu yakawira pamusoro chando pamusoro North Pole. Vatungamiri rwendo inotungamirwa ID Papanin. Vakatanga kushanda pachiteshi "North Pole-1". chirongwa basa raisanganisira akataurwa dzakasiyana hunhu: Meteorological, oceanographic, geophysical, oceanographic.

Kusvikira zvakawanika vaiva chinokosha dzose zvabuda zvinodiwa nokukurumidza uye kugara kutuma pakutsvakurudza nzvimbo. Zvino zvaienderana chete paredhiyo. Soviet polar aiongorora uye redhiyo opareta Ernst kurarama basa iri, kunyange zvazvo mamiriro akaoma ekunze uye rinorema pokuwanda kwebasa. All mishumo akatuma runa pazuva.

Akanga nguva, kuwedzera yayo inokosha mitoro kuramba redhiyo kwaaita kuwanda hams amateurs. With nechido akabatsira vamwe vake kunorwa. The chiteshi raiva kukukurwa, saka hapana akashamisika kuti rimwe zuva floe rakabhuroka uye chikwata yose rabva tende rake. Radio akaita apo panze, asi kunyange izvi hazvina kutadzisa Ernst kuramba nekufambisa mashoko. Nokuda kwaizvozvo yemapurisa vachiri akauya icebreaking ngarava uye vakabatsira polar vatsvakurudzi. kunorwa basa rakanga chakakodzera anoongwa.

Achinamata ndangariro madzitateguru

Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich hwagara kurangarira nyaya mhuri yake uye akanga asina kunyadziswa. madzitateguru ake aibva kuGermany kuRussia, uye iye aiva German pakuberekwa. Vakasvika kuona makwai. Muzana XIX remakore yaiva tateguru zvinowanzovapo mubiki, vanobata Kharkov. In chete baba guta Ernst akaberekwa. zita raBaba raiva Theodore, asi baba vake, mumwe sekuru yeSoviet polar aiongorora, ainzi Ernst. mwanakomana wake, zvakare, polar aiongorora ainzi kuremekedza baba vake, Theodore, achiri dzisina tsika mhuri.

Krenkel mbuya akavimbisa kuti mwanakomana wake Theodore kuzvipira Mwari, zvechokwadi vachifunga kuti akapona chete anoonga kubatsirwa Wemasimbaose. Saka, Theodore vakapinda yebhaibheri fakaroti, uye akagadzirira kuti pakupedzisira kuva mufundisi. Asi pakarepo akasarudza kuchinja upenyu hwake uye akabatana weVadzidzisi Vedare. Saka akava mudzidzisi Latin uye German. Amai Ernst, Marie Kastner aivawo mudzidzisi.

kuzivikanwa somunhu gamba

Mabasa Soviet polar aiongorora redhiyo opareta uye haana kuonekwa. Krenkel Ernst Teodorovich akagamuchira honorary mubayiro - musoro Hero of Soviet Union. Uyezve, pakati mibayiro ake:

• Order of Red Banner of Labor;

• Vaviri of Order of Red Star ;

• Vaviri vari Order of Lenin;

Asi ichi achibuda unokudzwa hazvina mugumo. In chikamu izvozvo zita mumigwagwa maguta akawanda: Moscow, Donetsk, tsvuku kiyi, Yekaterinburg, Mariupol. Uyezve, zviri mazita polar ravarwi hydrometeorology ari rezvitsuwa Franz Josef Land, uyewo Gulf Severnaya Zemlya rezvitsuwa pedyo Komsomolets Island.

Krenkel Museum

Mumwe zvinokosha chaizvo mutero kuna polar aiongorora - ari kuvhura miziyamu anonzi ari kukudzwa kwake. The miziyamu anonzi pashure E. T. Krenkel iri muMoscow. It akasikwa muna 2005, uye Exhibits akatorwa kubva muThe USSR Central Radio Club. Makopi 3,000 chete. Unogona kuwana ikoko for free, asi chete rokutanga chibvumirano tichivashanyira nguva.