Mavhiri echiRicrical anhetembo yeLermontov. Zvikamu zvemashoko aMu Yu Lermontov

Chimwe chinhu chaMikhail Yurievich's creativity (makore ehupenyu - 1814-1841) ndechekuti mavheti ane ruzha rwemashoko aLermontov akabatanidzwa mukati. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoshanduka, asi kuchinja uku hakusi kuenzaniswa nekuenzanisa nekugadzirwa kwemifananidzo mune dzimwe nyanzvi dzezana remakore re XIX. Mune nguva yekupedzisira yebasa raLermontov rekusika, unhu hwemunhu anenge aneta nehupenyu hunowedzera kuratidzwa, izvo zvakasiyana zvachose nemunhu wezvinyorwa zvekare. Asi zvisinei, mavhundu aya anonyanya kufanana ezvinyorwa zveLermontov anowirirana. Kuenderera mberi kunokonzerwa nokuchengetedzwa kwemashoko makuru, maitiro, kurova basa recheriri uye kugadzira mufananidzo wegamba.

Hero romunhu

Pamwe nemabasa ekutanga aAlexandro Sergeevich Pushkin uye nhetembo dzeZhukovsky, mazwi aLermontov anoratidza kuwedzera kwekurambana munyika yedu. Iko kunokonzerwa nekuti hero ye Mikhail Yurievich ndiye anorota akakwidziridzwa. Akapiwa zvinhu zvose zvinoratidzira rudo: iye ane chirwere, murwi, mudetembi, mupanduki, muporofita, mudiwa. Izvozvo ndizvo zvigamba zvemhanzi zveLermontov nhetembo dziri pamativi ose ebasa rake.

Kusuruvara musoro

Mazwi ekuzvimirira kubva muupenyu hwezuva nezuva anonyanya kusimba mumufananidzo wegamba romurudo Mikhail Yurievich. Kusurukirwa kunowanikwa mumabasa ayo kusiyana-siyana kwakasiyana-siyana: rudo runomuka mune zvakawanda zvemabasa pamusoro penyaya; Kusungwa mujeri; Kuzviparadzanisa kwevanhu munyika yakamupoteredza.

Mune mabasa mazhinji ("Uye kusvota uye kusuruvara ...", "Duma") inowanikwa mufananidzo unobatanidza nechinangwa chikuru chekusurukirwa kwechizvarwa chemazuva ano chaLermontov. Tiri kutarisana pano nemumwe wezvinetso zvakakosha zvikuru Mikhail Yurievich ane hanya nazvo: kuratidzwa kunoparadza mweya, chirwere icho, maererano nemunyori wenhetembo, inouraya chizvarwa uye chivhara munhu, achipa mhosva munhu kusurukirwa.

Chinangwa chekufa

Mhedziso yakanakisisa iripo kune vanhu, nezwi rechikonzero rinopera. Kufungisisa kwakaipa kwekutenda nemanzwiro. Munyori anozvipa iye oga kune chizvarwa che "chinokanganisa". Hero inonakidza yezvinyorwa zveLermontov inofananidzwa ne "chibereko chakaibva kusvikira nguva". Chikonzero chekufa kwepakutanga chimiro mumabhuku ekudanana, asi Mikhail Yurievich anotanga munyaya iyi pfungwa itsva: haasi kutaura nezvekufa kwepanyama, asi nezvekufa kwekunzwa kunokonzerwa nokusatenda, kusava nehondo uye chinangwa. Isu "tinonyadzisa kusava nehanya" kune zvakaipa nezvakanaka, uye kuzviremera - chete "varanda vanozvidza", sezvaanonyora.

Chinangwa chekurwa

Nyaya iyi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pamabhuku ekurumbira kwete munyika yedu chete, asi pasi rose. Muna Mikhail Yurievich, anowana kukura kwepakutanga. Kurwisana ndicho chinonyanya kukosha, nheyo yevanyori, iyo inofanidza masimba eLermontov nhetembo. Kuumbwa kweMikhail Yurievich "Parus" - nhetembo umo munhu ane chimiro chechikepe chinorwisana nechinhu chakaipa. Asi zvakakosha kumisa dutu-uye anotanga "kukumbira" uye kuritsvaga, nokuti haasi kutsvaga mufaro, asi kukukunda.

Kushora nyika nekunze

Mavheti anonyanya kufarira eLermontov nhetembo dziri mukati mazviri zvinopesana, kuumbwa kwatino kunyora ikozvino. Kuvhiringidzika mukati memunhu, kunobva mukuparadza, kusviba, hakugone asi kukonzera kukakavara uye kukakavara mumweya wake. Mune imwe yetsamba yakanzi "Nenguva yakawanda yakakombwa neboka revanhu vazhinji ..." munyori anopesana nenyika chaiyo yekunze, kuvanza pasi pechigunzva chemutsa kusava nehanya, nyika inopandukira mukati megamba rwiyo. Kune "mifananidzo yakazara" yevanhu.

Zviratidzo zvekuvharidzirwa mune zvese uye masikisi zvakanyanya kuonekwa munhetembo kakawanda. Dzinofananidzira kusava nekunamata, kunyengera kwenyika, umo mauto ane ruzha rwemaLemontov akanyora kuti avepo.

Musoro wekusatenda nekutenda

Yakabatana zvikuru nechinangwa chekumanikidzwa ndiyo musoro wekusatenda nekutenda. Hero inonakidza yezvinyorwa zveLermontov inoshora Mwari nokuda kwekuti nyika haina kukwana. Vanhu vane rudo uye vane madhimoni ezvinyorwa "Mtsyri" uye "Demon" vanoramba Musiki, vasina kutora nyika yavanogara. Asi, nekuona zvakananga mukusavapo kwemafungiro, nekusava nekutenda chikonzero chemaonero akadaro enyika, Mikhail Yuryevich aisagona asi kutungamirira pakupedzisira pakubvumirana neMusiki wemunhu ane rudo. Nokudaro, hero inonakidza yezvinyorwa zveLermontov inosvika pakubvumirana nematenga.

Ichi chinotyisa chinotanga kuva mubasa "Kana munda we yellowing unonetseka ..." zvakasikwa. Mhedziso yegamba "inopinda muchiroto," nokudaro kusunungura manzwiro ake, uye rudo rwe "runyararo rworugare" runomupa mukana we "kuona" Musiki.

Napoleon

Ngatirambei tichienderera mberi nebasa redu. Hero inonakidza yezvinyorwa zveLermontov mune mamwe mabasa ndeNapoleon. Chimiro chemupanduki uyo akawana zvose zvakaderera kugwa uye nheyo ye simba ndeyetsika zvekudanana mazwi mumutauro weRussia. Kune Lermontov muNapoleon (uyewo mumufananidzo weByron), zvikamu zvikuru zvegamba romudo zvakabatanidzwa: kumhanya, kupandukira, kurwisana, kudzingwa uye kusurukirwa kwemunhu.

Kuwirirana kwevanhu vazhinji uye mudetembi

Kurongeka kwedu kuri kuuya kumagumo. Hero inonakidza yezvinyorwa zveLermontov, sevamwe vanyori, inopikisa vanhu vazhinji. Mutsika mumabhuku eRussia, ukama huri pakati pevanhu vazhinji uye mudetembi hwaionekwa semhirizhonga isingadzivisiki. Iyi nyaya yakabata nzvimbo inokosha mubasa revanyori vazhinji, uye mufananidzo wemunyori wega wega aigara achiswededza pedyo nemufananidzo wegamba reimba. Lermontov hachisi izvozvi, asi ane chirongwa chakakosha zvikuru pamakakatanwa aya akaoma.

Mutsika, boka revanhu rakarondedzerwa se "kushevedzera", "matsi", "mhomho". Yakanga yakaratidza kusava nekunamata kwepamweya, kuzvidzora, uye chimiro chomunyori wechirangaridzo chakanga chiri pedyo nezvinhu zvake kune kutapwa, muimbi, muporofita. Kana zvisina kudaro, kupesana uku kwaLermontov. Kune rumwe rutivi, anoratidza boka racho nekuremekedza, achitaura kuti vanhu "vakapwanyika" nekurwadziwa nekurasikirwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, mubasa ra1838 rainzi "The Poet", anobata pfungwa yokuti gore rose rinoumba "muporofita" wake, rimwe chete neboka revanhu, raanoda uye raanoda. "Rust", ichibvisa chikamu chetarenda, inodana Lermontov kuzvidza vanhu.

Mufananidzo mutsva wevanhu vasina mano, vakaneta kubva muupenyu vanoonekwa munhetembo dzakadai se "Muvakidzani", "Testamente", "Motherland", "Valerik", nevamwe. Nevanhu vakambotanga, hero iyi yemhanzi yeLer Lermontov nhetembo yakabatana nemidzi yakadzama. Zvose zvinoshandiswa mumamiriro ake ezvinhu zviri pasi pekubatana kwemukati panzvimbo yekunzwisisa.