Chimiro - ndiani uyu?

Vanhu vakawanda vasina hukama neuto, pamusoro pezviratidzo vane pfungwa isina kujeka, iyo inoumbwa pachishandiswa kutarisa nhepfenyuro yeterevhizheni kana kuti kamwe wakanzwa anecdotes. Kwavari, mureza wacho unonyanya kuitika mubhizinesi unofadza ari mumapande epafudzi, uyo, kana "asingafi zvake," uye pane zvakanyanya-rudzi rwekudhakwa kwekumuteeresa.

Asi chokwadi, zvose hazvisi izvo.

Shandisa: zvinoreva izwi

Nhoroondo yezwi rokuti "Ensign" inodzokera kumashoko eChechi yeSlavonic, umo bhaniro yainzi "Prapor". Nokudaro, mureza uri murume akatakura bheni. Asi shoko rokuti "bheni" rinotorwa pane "know" lexeme. Kubva kwaari zvakare wakaenda mamwe mazwi, akadai sekuti "zvinoreva", "unoziva". Nokudaro, mureza ndiwo chirevo chakasimudzirwa kumwero wechiratidzo icho nhengo dzeuto rehondo dzaisarudzwa, "chiso" chayo. Kuenda kuhondo, mutakuri-wekare aive nguva dzose mberi kwehondo yaifambira mberi, kutakura jira. Uye mune imwe nguva yekurasikirwa kwebhanhire rechiuto, mauto ehondo, pane zvaive, ndeyekunyadziswa. Nokudaro, nokuda kwekutumwa kwakadaro kwakakosha, uyo akashinga uye akasimba, zvose mumuviri uye mutsika, akasarudzwa.

Ita seuto rehondo

Mauto ehondo "mureza" akatanga kubudiswa muna 1649 nechechi yemadzimambo emhuri yeRomanov - Alexei Mikhailovich. Uye zita racho raiva mubairo, waifanira kukodzera pahondo yehondo pamwe nemhare yako, kuzvipira uye ushingi. Asi Petro I, mwanakomana waAlexei Mikhailovich, uyo akamutevera paumambo hweumambo, muna 1712, paakaumba hondo yake itsva yekare, akashandura chikamu chetsva muuto rehondo. Zvino iyi yaiva zita remukuru wechidiki mumakungwa nevatasvi vemabhiza.

Muna 1884, zvakare, pakanga pane kuchinja. Nzvimbo ye "Ensign" yakaguma kuva yekutanga pakati pevatungamiriri. Muchiuto chekuita akachinjwa ne "wechipiri" ("cornet" mumabhiza). Zvisinei, senzvimbo yemukuru wehurumende, akachengeterwa zvekuchengetedzwa kwechiuto neCaucasian militia. Uyewo, nzvimbo ye "mureza" inogona kupiwa kumasoja akazvitsaura pachavo munguva yekurwa.

Kubva muna 1886, mauto makuru euto aiva nemukana wekugamuchira chiremera chemureza, apedza matanho chaiwo, asi mushure mezvo, ikozvino mu "kuchengetedzwa", vaifanira kutora mwedzi nehafu kudzidzira mauto.

Nguva dzose kuchinja nemukana wekuwana chigaro kwakaitika panguva yekutonga kwaNicholas II. Muna 1912, mutongi wacho akabvumira urongwa hwaibvumira basa rehurukuro yehurumende mukuru kumakadhi ezvidzidzo uye zvikoro zvakasununguka pamusana pokukurumidza kusunungurwa (pashure pemwedzi 8 yekudzidziswa) maererano nekurudzirwa kuhondo.

Nokudaro, munguva yehondo yegore ra1919-1918, zviratidzo zve "kutanga" zvakagadzira hwaro hwemuviri wemutungamiri, achitungamirira mashomanana mashoma kana mapurisa.

Makore makumi mashanu asina chikamu

Nekuuya kwesimba reBolshevik (1917), mauto ehondo "mureza" akaparadzwa, se, zvechokwadi, mamwe ose ehondo. Zvinofadza kuti Mutungamiri Mukuru weKuru Dzvuku shure kwegore rechi17 aiva N. V. Krylenko, uyo, pasi paNicholas II, akanga ari mureza.

Kwemakore 55 hondo yeSoviet yakanga isipo pasina hurumende yemashizha, uye chete musi waJanuary 1, 1972, maererano nehurumende yeU.SR Ministry of Defence, nzvimbo iyi yakadzoserwa kumauto ehurumende. Dhipatimendi remauto yakafunga kuti mishonga inoshandiswa nevarindi uye vatori venhema vangave vakagadzirirwa neboka rakasiyana revasicemen-ensigns (munharaunda yevasviki). Nokudaro, zvakazoitika kuti mureza uri rudzi rwakasiyana rwevashumiri, avo vasina kufambidzana nemauto kana mahofisi, asi zvakajeka kutsanangura muganhu pakati pavo.

Imwe nzira yekuedza kubvisa mazita

Muna December 2008, Anatoly Serdyukov, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva Mutungamiri weZviviri, zvakare akasarudza kusunungura sangano rekunyora, achitarisira kuti angashandurwa nevasungwa-makambanikidzi ane dzidzo yepamusoro. Panguva imwe chete ichidzinga kubva kumapoka eArmed Forces of Russia anenge 140 000 mauto ehondo, avo vari muchikwata che "mureza". Asi Sergei Shoigu, uyo akatsiva Serdyukov munaApril 2013, akagumisa chisarudzo ichi.

Zvisinei, kunyanya kwemazita, tafura yebasa yakadzokororwa nechishuwo chakanaka cheMDC itsva - "pasina magadziro uye zvigaro".

Vashandi vatsva vekunyora

Yakagadzirirwa zvakananga kumira (midshipmen), vashandi vatsva vaisanganisira mazana zana, dzose dzaiva "kurwisa". Iyo yakazara yose yakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri:

1. Vatungamiri (vatungamiriri: mapuranga, mapoka okurwisana, mushure wehondo, motokari).
2. Tsigiri (magetsi, mutungamiriri wesero redhiyo, mutungamiriri wemusangano, mukuru wemhizha yekambani, etc.).

Izvozvi, iyo yose mishonga iyo Serdyukov yakasarudza kuita sergeants kubva munaDecember 1, pasina kunyatsofungisisa chokwadi chokuti inoda dzidzo yepamusoro yedzidzo yepamhizha. MO pasi peutungamiri veShoigu vakaruramisa izvi, achipa kune asina kutumwa mukuru mahofisi ayo purogiramu yavo. Kugadzirira (mutungamiri webazi, motokari yekurwisana, mutungamiriri mukuru we platoon, nezvimwewo).

Asi kunyange pasina michengeterwo emari yakanga isati yaitika. Nzvimbo ye "mukuru weimba yekuchengetera" yezvirongwa zvigadziri, asi ikozvino inosanganisira zvivako zvehondo chete - zvombo. Nezvokupfeka uye zvekutengesa, vakagadzirirwa kupa mubasa kuvanhu vemazuva ose.

Nzira yekuwana sei mureza weuto muuto

Parizvino, kune zvikoro gumi nemakumi mapfumbamwe zvemazita muRussia, apo nyanzvi dzinodzidziswa mauto ehondo. Nokudaro, kuitira kuti ugamuchire nzvimbo ye "mureza" muuto, unogona kushandisa nzira dzinotevera:

• Kubatana neuto mubasa rechiuto. Ikoko, uzviratidze pane rumwe rutivi, kuisa nechikumbiro chakanyorerwa kumurairo weuniti yekutumira chikoro nokuda kwemazita. Asi pano pane imwe nuance. Sezvo mutemo, murairo unofunga mishumo chete yevashumiri ivavo avo vakatove vashanda zvinopfuura hafu yenguva yekupedzisira.
• Kana basa rekukurumidza rakatova pamusoro pemafudzi, uye chekuchengetedzwa serviceman ine chido chokupindazve muuto pasi pegvumirano, anokwanisa kuzivisa pakarepo chido chake chekupinda chikoro chemazita asina kutumirwa kuuto remauto.
• Mushure mekupedzisa kwebvumirano, ipai mharidzo pamusoro pechido chekudzidza pachikoro chemajuni zvakananga kumukuru weboka rake.

Uyezve, nedzimwe dzidzo dzakakwirira, kugamuchirwa kwemashure kunobvumirwa, izvo, kunyange pasina kuenda kuburikidza nebasa rehurumende, asi panguva imwechete yakanyoresa uye kupedza chikoro kuchikoro chesekondari pasi pechirongwa chechikoro chesekondari chaiyo, inobudiswa pachiremera chemuti. Nokudaro, RVSN Academy inodzidzisa vatyairi vemasipirisi emasasa, sezvo zvakagadzirirwa kusabvisa zvachose kushandiswa kweva sergeants munyaya ino.

Mitemo yekudzidzira muchikoro chechirairo

Izvo zvinyorwa zvekudzidzira zvinotarisana nemauto anokosha ehondo anosarudzwa ne cadet. Zvinogona kuva mwedzi 5-10, kana cadet yatove yakashanda basa rekukurumidzira uye yakatova nehuwandu hwehupfumi.

Muchiitiko chekutanga chirongwa "kubva pakutanga" (a cadet akanyoresa zvidzidzo asingadari basa rechiuto kana asina purogiramu yeuto rehondo), izwi racho rinogona kusvika kumakore maviri emwedzi gumi.

Pakupera kwechikoro chemazita, servicemen anoita chibvumirano neUnited Ministries kwenguva inenge makore mashanu.

Ratidza nhasi

Muzvakagadzirwa zvemazuva ano, zvisingatauri pamusoro pevarindi vemahofisi sevatariri vekuchengetedza vakave vasina chavanobatsira.

Nhasi, mureza iwoyo "techie", ari mutungamiri wezvinhu zvakakomba zvezvombo zvehondo nemichina yekukurukurirana. Anotarisira kutakura kunotakura zvitsva, uye, pamwe chete nevatungamiriri, vanoita basa rekucherechedza.

Isa muuto remazuva ano reRussia kubva kune maneja wefekitari yakava nyanzvi yemasoja chaiye.