Kuongorora kwaPavlov kunonakidza

Kusvikira ikozvino nharo pamusoro pekuti Ivan Petrovich Pavlov akanga ari nyanzvi yezvemasayenzi ezuva rake, kana kuti yakamupa mufaro chaiwo kuona kutambudzika kwe "maadhi" ake asina kurega. Ngatiedzei kukanda manzwiro uye tarisa zvinhu zvose zvisina tsananguro.

Essence of experiments

IP Pavlov mu laboratori yake, iri pedyo neSt. Petersburg, muKoltushi, akaedza, achidzidza nzira dzekugadzirisa chirongwa reflex. Musayendisiti akaitisa zvidzidzo zvake kune imbwa. Mabasa ose aive aitwa mumhando ye "Tower of Silence" - imwe nzvimbo yega yega isina kuvharidzira umo pakange kusina chikonzero chekunze chinogona kukanganisa kuchena kwekuedza. Musayendisiti panguva imwechete akacherechedza mhuka kuburikidza nehurongwa hwegirasi dzakasviba, kuburikidza iye iye pachake akagara asingaoneki kumbwa. Iyo imbwa yakagadzirirwawo pamushonga unokosha waikwanisa kufamba kwayo.

Pavlov akazvipira zvikuru kunyanya nzira iyo mbatya dzenyoka idzi dzinobata pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunze. Kuti uite izvi, mhuka yacho yaishandiswa, ichifambisa duct ye salivary gland panze kuti inyore kuvepo kwekudzivirira, kubuda kwayo, kuwanda uye kunaka kwemate. Zvadaro Pavlov akaedza kumutsa mumhuka iyo yakagadziriswa nemagariro kune zvakasamborerekera mune zvematongerwe enyika - inzwi, chiedza. Mukuwedzera, mhedziso yechipupuriro yakaratidzwawo kune kunze, kuitira kuti ione kutevedza kwejusi yejusi muimbwa.

Zvakaitika kare zvePavlov pamusoro peimbwa ndezvokuti apo mhuka yakakurumidza kupiwa zvokudya mushure mokunge mhepo inopinda. Mushure memaitiro akadaro akadai, imbwa iyi yakatanga kutambanudza inzwi remasronome. Kuongorora kwaPavlov nebhora rekuvhenekera kwakaitwa nenzira imwe chete, asi panzvimbo yemasronome, mwenje unowanzoshandiswa, mushure mokunge imbwa yakagamuchira zvokudya. Saka kare kare mutorwa kune mhuka, chitubu chakava icho chekunze chinomutsa, chakatanga kumuita a conditioned reflex. Zvinosuruvarisa, hazvisi izvo zvose zvinokonzera kusina kunaka. Mukuongorora kwake Pavlov akashandisa magetsi ikozvino, kurangwa kwakasiyana-siyana.

Practical application

Chimwe chemienzaniso inofadza zvikuru yekushandiswa kwekuongorora kwaPavlov ndekukudziridzwa kwezvakagadziriswa zvakagadziriswa mumagetsi ekuravira gwayana. Nokuda kwekubuda kweiyo mafungiro, macyotes akaendeswa nyama ine chepfu yemakwai. Zvinoshamisa kuti mushure mekutanga kwekutanga vakarega kushanyira makwai, vakasungira nyama pamwe nekunetseka kwakaguma mushure mekunge vawana. Varimi vakawanda vakabva vatora izvi mubasa.

Basa rekuedza

Dzidziso yekuitika kweiyo yakagadziriswa, yakaitwa makore anopfuura zana apfuura, uye kusvikira nhasi ino inoramba iri imwe yezvakakosha munhoroondo yepfungwa. Kunyange mazuva ano masayendisiti ekufambisa anotungamirirwa nemigumisiro yedzidzo dzaPavlov mukurapa kwehumwe hutano hwepfungwa, uyewo kuburikidza nokuita maitiro ekuita.

Imbwa dzePavlova

Zvakawanda zvekushanda kwakaitwa nesayendisiti zvakaguma zvichishushikana nemhuka. Sezvakataurwa naPavlov pachake, paanocheka uye achiparadza mhuka mhenyu, anozvidzivirira mukati make pachake kushorwa kunokonzera tsika. Asi zvinongoita chete muzvokwadi yechokwadi uye kubatsira kwevanhu. Achiita zvaakaedza, Pavlov akaita zvese zvokuvhiya pasi peanesthesia, kuitira kuti asaita kuti mhuka iwedzere kutambura. Mafungiro emusayendisiti kumapuranga ake anonzi chivako kumbwa iyo yaakasimbisa muSt. Petersburg.

Iye zvino imbwa Pavlova - haisi mhuka isina chimiro yekuedza. Uyu ndiye muhedheni chaiye, hero yevarwere uyo anotambura nekuda kwekubatsira sayenzi uye munhu wose. Mafirimu akawanda akafuridzirwa pamusoro payo, mabhuku mazhinji akanyorwa, zviyeuchidzo zvakagadzirwa. Pasinei nekufa kwake, kuyeuka kwemhuka iyi kuchiri kurarama. Zita raPavlova mune imwe ipi yedu pakarepo yakabatana neimbwa, saka iwe unogona kutaura zvakachengeteka kuti ichi ndicho chisinganzwisisiki apo mhemberero yemhuka yekuedza yakapona chiyeuchidzo chesayenzi mukuru.

Mhedziso

Saka pakanga pane Pavlov nyanzvi yezvemasayenzi here? Mubvunzo uyu unogona kupindurwa chete zvakanaka. Asi nzira dzake dzakarurama here? Hakuchina mhinduro isinganzwisisiki.

Pasina mubvunzo, kugoverwa kwake kune maitiro epfungwa kunokosha, asi, nhamo, pane dzimwe nguva zvinokosha kuti zvibayire tsika dzakanaka nekuda kwesayenzi. Ngatisakanganwe kuti mhuka dzose dzaipona dzakanga dziri kumusayendisiti pane imwe nguva yemajeri. Ndinoda kufunga kuti kwete chete nekuda kwekucherechedza zvakare.