Dinosaurs ane mutsi mirefu: marudzi, tsanangudzo, nzvimbo

Zvakaoma kudzidza chinhu chisina kumbovapo kwemazuva mazhinji, asi izvi hazvirevi kuti hazvifadzi! Semuenzaniso, chii chaunonyatsoziva pamusoro pevarinosaurs? Apo, maonero ako, aigara dinosaurs nehuro refu? Chii chavakanga vakadanwa, rudzi rwehupenyu hwavakatungamirira?

"Mhuka refu kwazvo"

Muimba yekare yevana ndiyo tiraira, asi nhasi unozoziva hupenyu hwemumiririri wekare wemhuka yekare. Ngatitaurei pamusoro peboka rechina-mawere ane mavhiri dinosaurs. Kunyanya chaizvo, ma heroes edu nhasi maDinosaurs ane mitsipa refu, avo vaigara muJurassic uye Cretaceous nguva. Iri boka rezvipfuwo rainzi "sauropods", muchiLatini rinoreva "dhizizi-footed dinosaurs".

Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti mauropods akanga aparara zvachose, masayendisiti akakwanisa kuona kuti mhuka idzi dzaigara kose-kose, paiva nemakore zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe akaparadzaniswa kuva mhuri gumi nemakumi manomwe nemakumi manomwe.

Gwaro rinorondedzero yezvipenyu

Hersovorous dinosaur nehuro refu yakanga yakareba sekuru. Mutsipa wemhuka wacho unogona kubva kubva pa9 kusvika ku 11 mamita kure, asi musoro wacho muduku. Mune kancani duku yaiva ubongo hudiki. Yakawanikwa kuti brain yechirama yemhuka yaive yakawanda kanomwe kupfuura musoro. Mazino ei dinosaurs aya aive akafanana nea spatula, pane zvishoma muhukuru. Pasinei nezita racho, makumbo emhuka haana kufanana neaya emaradhi. Pane kudaro, pakanga pane kufanana nemakumbo endofu. Nguva yakatarisa yakagara iine nguva yakareba kupinda netsoka dzemakumbo. Zvose zvaiva nemiswe mikuru.

Sezvaunoziva, dinosaurs ane mitsipa refu haararami mune imwe zoo iri pedyo. Zvose data pamusoro pemhuka idzi dzave dzichidzorerwa zvinorwadza ne paleontologists pane yakawanikwa inoramba iripo. Kunyanya kunowanikwa kwevasayendisiti ndiyo dhehenya resauropod. Ichi chikamu chemasaga hachiwanzowanika mukuchera, uye kunyange zvose hazviwaniki zvachose.

Lifestyle

Dinosaurs ane mitsipa yakareba inogona kutaridzirwa phytophages. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ivo vaidya pazvokudya zvezvirimwa. Paleontologists vakaratidza kuti havana kutsvaira pamiti, asi vachikuya nematombo akame.

Nzira yakareruka yekufungidzira kuti sauropods yakashandisa mutsipa kusvika pamakona makuru emiti. Asi nharo iyi inokonzera kutsoropodza kubva kune masayendisiti, nokuti vakaverenga kuti kushandiswa kwemasimba kwemhuka kunofanira kuva chii, kuitira kuti zvive nyore kuita zviito zvakadaro. Kuverenga kunoratidza kuti izvi zvingada kushandiswa kwekushandisa kwepamusoro zvisina simba. Mukuwedzera, mhuka inofanira kuva nemoyo mukuru kwazvo.

Imwe mafungiro ndeokuti mauropods akatungamirira hupenyu hweboka. Inobva pakuziva kuti paleontologists inowanzowana boka rezvasara.

Inofungidzirwa kuti dinosaurs yakareba-mitsipa yakanyanyisa. Zvichida vakafambisa pamhanje isingasviki 5 km / h. Izvi zvinosanganiswa nehukuru uye hukuru hwemhuka.

Tsanangudzo yemunhu mumwechete. Diplodocus

Diplodocus ndiyo dinosaur inonyanya kuzivikanwa nehuro refu. Zita iri mhuri yakagamuchirwa kubva kuAmerican paleontologist C. Marsh muna 1878. Zvechokwadi zita racho rairatidza zvikamu zvechimiro chemuswe wemhuka.

Diplodok yakanga yakareba inofungidzirwa kuva guru rechokwadi kunyange pakati pevarinosaurs. Maererano nekuverenga kweumwe wevasayendisiti, zviyero zvayo zvaigona kudarika 54 mamita, uye uremu hwaigona kusvika 113 matani. Asi ainge akanganisa nhamba ye vertebrae, uye zviyero chaiye zvaive zviduku zvikuru. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasara dzinotsigira urefu hwemaminita makumi matatu nemakumi matatu (35 m). Chiremera chekanyatso kuverenga hachina kubvumira, zvichida iri kubva pamakumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu.

Zvasara zveDhiplodocus zvakawanikwa kakawanda, zvichienderana nei izvo zvisikwa zvinonzi zvinonyanya kudzidza. MuLondon Museum ye Natural History kune kopi yemasaga ediplomate. Saka chinyorwa dinosaurs nehuro refu chingaitwa chaizvo ipapo.

Brachiosaurus

Pakupera kwemazuva eJurassic, pane imwe nzvimbo yakararama sauropod, inonzi brachiosaurus. Izvi zvinogona kushandurwa se "chidimbu chakakura". Mhuka iyi yaigara munharaunda umo North America neAfrica zviripo nhasi.

Iro braosaosaurus, kufanana ne-sauropods yose, yakanga ine musoro muduku. Asi yakave yakashongedzwa nemapapu emapfupa pamusoro pemeso. Zvichida pamugwagwa, mhino, yakabatana nehomwe yemhepo, yakavhenganiswa. Zvichida kunyange bhirikiti yakanga ine trunk duku. Makumbo epamberi akanga akareba kwenguva refu kupfuura ayo akare, asi kazhinji kutarisa kwakanga kwakafanana nejirafu huru. Imomo mutsipa hauna kutorwa, asi wakamhanyira mberi kusvika 45 °.

Kukura kwemhuka iyi hakusi yakanyatsosimbiswa. Zvichida - 11-15 m. Uye kureba kubva kumusoro kusvikira kumucheto wemuswe ndeye 22-27 m. Kurema - mumatanda gumi nemaviri.

Mafupa ei dinosaur anoratidzwa muBerlin, paHumboldt Museum.