Yakanyanya sulfuric acid muzvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi

Kubudirira kwekemikemikari inosimudzira nyika yanhasi nhasi inobvumira kusikwa kwezvinhu zvitsva nezvimwe zvinhu, kushandisa nekuda kwechinangwa chemhando dzakasiyana dzemakemikari. Imwe muenzaniso ndeyekusimudzirwa sulfuric acid, iyo inowanzoshandiswa mumakemikari yemakemikari.

Sulfuric acid, ine formula H2SO4, inenge isina mvura isina mavara eMaslenica, iyo iyo inosvika 10,4 ° C inoshanduka kuva musimba wakasimba wekristalline. Yakanyanya sulfuric acid ine 96.4% ye SO4, uye huwandu hwayo hwakareba kwazvo uye inosvika 1.87 g / cm, zvichiguma nei 1 litre yeuwandu undiluted sulfuric acid inorema inenge 2 kg. Zvinoshamisa kuti kana asidi yakanyungudutswa mumvura, ipapo kutonhora kwayo kunowedzera zvakanyanya, sezvo huwandu hwe hydrates hunoumbwa mukuita. Iyi pfuma inoshamisa inoshandiswa kuparadzanisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvichiguma nekuwedzera kutonhora kwete kwete nemvura chete asiwo zvimwe zvinodhaka.

Sulfuric acid yakagadziriswa inoshandiswawo kuchenesa gasi, sezvo inokwanisa kukwanisa kupisa mhepo yezvinwiwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Iyo imwe nzvimbo inotsanangura kushandiswa kwezvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu, kunyanya mahydrohydrates, kana zvichisangana neichi ichi. Ichokwadi ndechokuti makhahydrates ane hydrogen uye oksijeni mune imwe nhamba seH2SO4, naizvozvo kana zvinhu izvi zvichitaurirana, sulfuric acid inotora mvura kubva kumagidhahydrates, uye carbon inosunungurwa nenzira yevhu remarara.

Mukugadzirwa kwemajeri emunda, kuisa sulfuric acid, iyo yakagadzirwa nemakemikari inobvumira kuti ishandiswe senhengo yakanaka yeiridizingiri, inoshandiswawo kuti ishandise imwe yakashata yakawanda kubva munyu. Somugumisiro, zvinokwanisika kubudisa masero aya se superphosphate, ammonium sulfate nevamwe. Nokuda kweiyo oxyidzing properties, iyo inoshandiswa kwehutayidhi yezvose zvakasimirirwa imire mumutsara we conjugation kusvika kune uye iri kusanganisira sirivha, zvichiita kuti kuumbwa kwemaviri emakiritsi e salts, sulfates (emutambo wepakati) uye hydrogen sulphates (acid acid), uye ether kushanduka.

Sulfuric acid inonyanya kunwisa mvura, iyo inewo mhepo ine ngozi. Iyo yakawanda yakagamuchirwa yakagadziriswa yeH2SO4 mhepo ine 1 mg / m3, kuitira kuti vashandi vanobata sulfuric acid vape zvipfeko uye zvidziviriro zvemunhu oga. Yakanyanya sulfuric acid, iyo ine zvinhu inotyisa zvikuru kune munhu asina kudzivirirwa, inoshandiswa mumatafura anotevera emabasa:

- industrial organic synthesis;

- kugadzira mishonga yemishonga;

- kuchenesa kwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nepetroleum;

- chikwata uye zvigadzirwa zvemhizha;

- kugadzira dyes, plastiki, maitiro ekugadzirisa uye zvichingodaro.

Sulfuric acid inogadzirwa nemaitiro maviri emabhizimisi - achishandisa masimba (catalysts), uyewo kushandisa nitrogen oxides (nitrous method). Sezvakagadzirwa, sulfuri inowanzowanzoonekwa, asi kune mamwe marudzi e sulfuric acid, sulphide yendarira inogona kushandiswa. Iyo mhizha inobereka sulfuric acid yakawanda yemhando dzinotevera: teknolojia, vitriol, pure (bateri), oleum (anhydride solution) uye shongwe.

Mukupedzisa, inofanira kusimbiswazve zvakare kuti sulfuric acid ndiyo yekushandisa zvinokonzera zvinokonzera tsvina yechikwata chechipiri chechipiri. Apo mapapiro e-asidi anopinda munhengo dzekupumisa, kupisa kwepamusoro yepamusoro kunoputika kunoumbwa, pamwe chete nekukanganiswa kwakasimba, izvo zvinogona kukura kuva bronchitis, tracheitis uye laryngitis. Ndokusaka patinenge tichishanda ne-sulfuric acid, kunyanya kunobhadharwa kune huwandu hwekudzivirirwa kwevashandi kunoparadza zvinokonzerwa nemvura uye zvigadzirisiti zvezvinhu izvi.