Chii chinonzi Dyson's field? Nharaunda yeDyson iripo kana kwete?

Zvakaoma kutaura kana munhu akatanga kufunga pamusoro pekuti iye ari oga muzvinhu zvose. Asi iwe unogona kusarudza nguva iyo kutsvaga mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu kupfuura kubva pamapeji esayenzi enhema zvinyorwa kusayenzi - pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, kutanga kwezera remakore. Sezvo kukurudzirwa kweplanetetary nzvimbo yakatanga kuoneka maonero akawanda nezvemafambiro emunyika. Pamapeji eesayenzi inonzi intergalactic hondo yakabudiswa kunze, uye astrophysicists uye nyanzvi dzedzimwe nyanzvi vakaedza kunzwisisa kana upenyu huripo munzvimbo dziri kure nenyeredzi. Kana zvakadaro, ungazviona sei? Pakati pezvinofungwa pfupi ndeyedzidziso ye Freeman Dyson. Nharaunda yehukuru hwakakura, huchibvumira kuunganidza simba renyeredzi, ndizvo izvo, mumaonero ake, zvinofanirwa kutsvaga munzvimbo yakareba yekunze kuwana vatorwa.

Freeman John Dyson

Mumwe musayendisiti weAmerica wokuzvarwa kweChirungu akaberekwa muna 1923. Nhasi Dyson ane makore 92, ane ruzivo rwezvakawanda zvehutoriki, astrophysics, physics ine simba-pasi, inozivikanwa seimwe yevaki ve quantum electrodynamics. Hazvina kunyanya kubwinya kuna iye akaunza pfungwa, iyo nyanzvi yekodha yakakwereta kubva kuna Olaf Stapledon, munyori wenyanzvi wenhema, munyori webhuku rinonzi "Musiki weNyeredzi." Dzidziso iyi, iyo inonzi "Dyson sphere," inoratidza kuti hupfumi hunobudirira hungavaka sarudzo yakakomberedza nyeredzi kuitira kuti iwedzere simba rayo. Sezvo vawana chivakwa chakadaro, masayendisiti achakwanisa kuona huchenjeri hwekunze kwenyika.

The concept

Ive hupenyu hwakabudirira zvikuru, hunofungidzirwa huripo mune imwe nzvimbo, huchakurumidza kana kuti huri kutarisana nekupera simba kwezvigadziriswa - izvi ndizvo zvinonzi Dyson. Nharaunda ine ruzivo rweimwe nyanzvi yekuongorora nyeredzi nenyeredzi iri pakati inokwanisa kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Iyo inonakidza kugadzirwa inobvumira kushandiswa kwakakwana kweredzi simba uye, kana zvichidikanwa, inova musha kune vavaki vayo.

Sarudzo

Uhu hwenzvimbo, maererano nekuverenga kwaDyson, inofanira kuva yakanyanya. Nekuvakwa kwechimiro chakadaro unoda zvinhu izvo nehuwandu hwakaenzana neJupiter. Nhasi, chirongwa chakadaro chinoratidzika sechinhu chinotyisa zvikuru. Zvisinei, hazvibviri kubvisa pfungwa yokuti pashure pemakore mazana ezviuru kana zviuru zvemakore, vanhu vachakwanisa kuzviona, uye ikozvino pazvinhu zvakakura zvekudenga, kuvaka kwechimiro chakadaro chiri kuitwa nehupfumi huri kunze kwenyika hunotipfuura isu maererano nekuvandudza.

Nyeredzi ine Dyson sphere inoteerera mitemo yakafanana yemamiriro ezvinhu semarongerwo enyika. Nokudaro, chimiro chinofanira kushanduka: simba re centrifugal rotation rinoyera simba rekuvhenekera kwechiedza uye harubvumi kuti chinhu chacho chiwe uye chiwire pamusoro pacho.

Zviratidzo zvebudiriro yakabudirira

Maererano nedzidziso yaDyson, nharaunda inogona kuva rudzi rwebhakoni, zvichiratidza kuvapo kwekunzwisisa kwenyika. Zvisinei, ungawana sei? Maererano nehuwandu hwekuverenga, iyo yakagadzirwa inofanira kuramba ichibudisa chiedza. Nokuti ziso revanhu, hazvisi nyore. Mazairo aya anofanira kunge ari munharaunda ye infrared. Imwe midziyo iripo inokwanisa kuona mvumo yakadaro, uyezve, yakatowana yakawanda.

Chimwe chikamu cheDyson sphere chinofanira kunge chiri chekupararira kwema spectral. Izvo zvakagadzirwa kutsvakurudza, izvo zvinorondedzerwa nefizikiki, zviri kuitwa mukati megadziriro yeSETI chirongwa chinangwa chekuona kuvepo kwehuchenjeri hwekunze kune imwe nzvimbo. Icho chivimbo chikuru chekuzadzika kwebasa iri rakaoma rinowanikwa pane teresikopu "Spitzer".

Arguments against

Kubvira pakuuya kwetsika, Dyson akadzokorora zvakare uye akadzoka zvakare. Somugumisiro, pfungwa yakakosha yakabuda kuti chinhu chakadaro hachikwanise kuvapo, zvisinei kuti zvakabudirira zvakadini nekubudirira uye chero zvakasvikirwa nenyeredzi. Nharaunda yeDyson, inotenderera nenyeredzi, inowana kasi yekukurumidza mu equatorial region. Panguva imwecheteyo, chimiro chinoramba chichimirira pamatanda, izvo zvisingatongotungamiri pakuputsa kwayo. Iyi ndiyo nharo huru inopesana nedzidziso yeScientist weAmerica.

Vatsvakurudzi venyaya iyi vanoonawo kuti nzvimbo inoparadzanisa nekusimudzirwa kwehupfumi uye inobatanidza matambudziko akawanda ehutano hwemagariro evanhu, kupedza kubatsirwa kubva pakusikwa kwayo.

Zvimwe zvingasarudzwa

Kunyange zvakadaro, munyika yezvesayenzi, kufanirwa kwemazwi eDyson hakuna kunyura mukati mekusaziva. Kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwekugadzirwa kwekugadzirisa kwakatsanangurwa, iyo inofunga nezvekutsoropodza kukuru. Chokutanga chavo ndereredhi yeupfupi hwechidiki, seyakakosha muhupamhi seyero. Iwe unogona kusangana nechinhu chakadaro mumapeji eruwadhi "The World-Ring" na Larry Niven.

Chechipiri chisarudzo chigadzirwa chakafanana nepamusoro. Iyo thickenings yakakomba iri pedyo nemapuranga yakazaruka. Iyi shanduro yemutambo inoratidzika nechiyero chakafanana pane imwe nzvimbo mukati.

Soviet physicist G.I. Pokrovsky. Mumuenzaniso wake, iyo yakagadzirwa inoitwa neketani yezvindori zvinogadzira chimwe chinhu chakafanana nehombodo. Iyi shanduro yenzvimbo yakanzi "Pokrovsky shell".

Chimiro chaCriswell chimwe chigadziro cheDyson astrokonstruktsii inorongwa. Chiratidzo chacho chinonzi fractal surface, iyo inobvumira kuwedzera nzvimbo inogamuchira mazaisai kubva pane nyeredzi.

Kutsvaga kwekufungidzira Dyson sphere

Kufungidzira kwakaitwa kwechiAmerican physicist kwemakore anopfuura makumi mashanu. Zvisinei, vakatanga kufunga zvakanyanya nezvekuwana zvivako zvakafanana neyero, mumakore ema2000 chete, apo kukura kwekombiyuta kunobvumirwa kutarisa kumakona ekure enyika. Kuongororwa kwemashoko kubva kune telescopes kwakaratidza kuti mazana emakumi ezviuru akafanirwa kuita basa rezvipfeko zvekuvaka. Zvisinei, zvikamu zvemukana mumwe nomumwe ane mikana yakasiyana zvinotsanangurwa nehuwandu hweprosaic zvikonzero, pakati payo ndeye mhepo inonzi comet, hydrogen clouds uye nezvimwe zvakadaro.

Mumwe wevadzidzi vekupedzisira kweredzi, akavakwa nehutatu hwaDyson, akanga ari nyenyeri mumakwikwi eCygnus. Mune zvinyorwa zvezvenyeredzi zvinosarudzwa seKIC 8462852.

Wakawana Dyson sphere ?!

Mumakore ekupedzisira egore rapera, pamapeji epepanhau, munhu anogona kuona chinyorwa chekutsvaga chiitiko chekuwanikwa kwenzvimbo yehupfumi huri kunze kwenyika. Nyeredzi, pedyo nayo iyo inorarama isingazivikanwi isu zvisikwa zvakangwara, yakanzi KIC 8462852. Zvinyanzwisiso zvechiedza zvakazozivikanwa nekuda kweteresikopu "Kepler".

Mukuwa kwegore ra2015, migumisiro yekudzidza kwekushamisa kwayo kunoshamisa kwakabudiswa. Anenge kamwe kamwe mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana mana, mashizha eredzi inoderera ne15-20%. Kuderera kunotangira kubva mumazuva mazhinji kusvika kumwedzi yakawanda. Iyi maitiro haisi maitiro mumakira anozivikanwa ezviedza uye haigone kutsanangurwa nemuganhu wenyika pamwe ne diski, sezvo muchiitiko ichi kuderedzwa kwemazuva ano kwaizove kwakafanana munguva. Jason Wright, masayendisiti anobva kuYunivhesiti yePennsylvania, akaratidza kuti chikonzero chechikonzero ichi - chikamu cheDyson. KIC 8462852, nokudaro, akazova mukuru mukuru wekutsvaga huchenjeri hwekunze.

Dzimwe tsanangudzo

Wright akadzokorora zvakare kuti iyi ingongova imwe yezvinyorwa, uye zvisingaiti. Zvisinei, nekuda kwezvinobudisa nhepfenyuro, nhau dzekugona kuwanikwa kwechikwata chaDyson chave ichifamba pasi pose. Parizvino, kune mamwe tsanangudzo yemirairo isingazivikanwi yeyeredzi. Vanotsvakurudza kubva kuYunivhesiti yeYale, vakatungamirirwa naTabete Boyadzhian vanoratidza kuti chiedza chinopoteredzwa nehombe yemakwenzi. Zvichida KIC 8462852 yakavatorera zviuru zvingani zvemakore akapfuura panguva apo imwe sarudzo yaifamba nayo. Tabeta anotsanangura kuti tsanangudzo iyi inongova zvishoma kudarika Dyson's sphere. Musangano weviri nyeredzi yechiratidzo ndechiitiko chisingawanzoitiki, uye kuwanda kwemafuro akabatwa emaketani anofanira kuva makuru. Kunyange zvakadaro, iyi dzidziso yakasvika iye zvino yakawanda nhamba yakawanda yevatsigiri munyika yesayenzi.

Nyatsocherechedza vakachena vatsva

Uye masayendisiti kubva kuTurkey akabatana nekutsvaga dyson's sphere. Munguva ichangopfuura vakabudisa chidzidzo maererano neche chichena vatsva vanofanira kutarisa chimiro chakadaro . Zvimwe zviduku uye zvinotonhora zvepakati zvinomiririra danho rekupedzisira rekushanduka kwezviedza, kufanana neSuva. Munharaunda yavo, kugadzirisa denga kunoda kushanda nesimba uye zvinhu zvakanyanya kudarika dzimwe dzakawanda nyeredzi. Maererano nehuwandu hweasayendisiti, hupamhi hwegadziriro pedyo necheche dwarf haingapfuuri mita 1. Nokuda kwaro, inotora zvinhu, izvo zvakaenzana neMwedzi.

Zvichida, mushure mechinguva, masayendisiti achasvika pakugumisa kuti dyson's sphere inzvimbo isingakoshi kana yakaoma. Zvisinei, apo kutsvaga kwekufungidzira kunoenderera mberi. Mumwe anogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti pfungwa dzakadaro dzichauya mune ramangwana, sezvo vanhu vasingazoregi kuedza kuwana hama mupfungwa mumatenga.