Simba remhando yepamusoro, mutemo wekushanda - hapana chinhu chiri nyore ...

Izwi rokuti "injini" rinogadzira chimiro chechimwe chinhu chine foni, uye kunyange kakawanda - kuchinja. Zvechokwadi ndechokuti injini. Chinokosha che injini chero ipi zvayo ndechekushandura rudzi rune simba kuti rwugadzikane. Unoziva here injini yaive yekutanga? Zvinotendwa kuti yaiva chikepe. Hazvingave kukanganisa kutaura kuti injini inowanzoshandiswa magetsi. Pakati pezvinhu zvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvemotokari dzemagetsi ekirasi iyi, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwakagadzirwa nemotokisi yeasynchronous iyo yekushandiswa kwemashoko kunobva pakushandiswa kwezvinhu zviviri zvekushandiswa kwesimba remagetsi - electromagnetism uye magetsi induction.

Kuti tinzwisise mutemo wekushanda kwe motokari yemagetsi yakafanana, ngatitariyei kuedza kwakajeka kubva kuchikoro chesefizikiki:

• Kana mutyairi akapfuura nepakati pemutakiti, magnetic field yakaenzana neyozvino inomuka yakapoteredza;
• Kana tikatora vatungamiri vaviri vane ikozvino, ipapo pakati pavo kune simba guru - vanodzokorora kana vakwezva, sekunge chero zvikamu zvemagetsi zvinoita;
• Kana mumwe mutungamiri ane kufamba ikozvino kune imwe, iyo isingabatanidzi kune chitubu, asi dunhu racho rakavharwa, saka ikozvino inowanikwa mairi.

Chimiro, kana kuti chinonyanya kufungidzira, muenzaniso wegadziriro yacho inosanganisira pfungwa ye magnetic lines of force, iyo yatinoreva kuvapo kwemasimba. Pano ivo uye vanotambanudza "tende" dzavo kumativi ose, uye kana vari munzira kune zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nefromromagnetic, i.e. Izvozvo zvakasviba magnetic line inogadziriswa, ipapo simba rinotyisa rinoshanda pairi . Uye kana chinhu ichi pachacho chiri maginiti, ipapo kuwirirana kwesimba kwemagenetic masikati kunoratidzirwa zvakare. Iyo magnetic field yemutungamiri inogona kuwedzerwa nekufambisa nhamba yakawanda yekutendeukira kune tsvimbo yakaitwa ye-ferromagnet; mumamiriro akareruka, iyi inowanzo yakagadzirwa nesimbi yesimbi yakagadzirwa nesimbi. Zviri nyore kwazvo kuita tsvimbo yakafanana nehove yehombe, uye kuisa mhepo pairi. Mhedziso ye "mahombekombe" yakava matanda emaginiti, ayo, apo ikozvino inotenderera kuburikidza neiripi, inogadzira simba, nzvimbo yakakwirira yemapuranga, magnetic field. Kazhinji, tinofungidzira mumifananidzo yacho nemitsetse.

Kana tikaisa tsvimbo yesimbi mumapapiro pakati pematanda, uye tanga tanga kutenderera magnetic "horsehoe", zvino cherechedza kuti tsvimbo ichadzoka zvakare. Sei chigadzirwa chedu chinonzi motori induction? Nheyo yekushanda kwemichina yemagetsi, sezvakataurwa, inotsigira pane chinoshamisa chekugadzirwa kwemagetsi, i.e. Kupindirana kwemagnetic miganhu ye inductor yemuviri wedu. Uye "kuyambuka" kunobvira chete kana kukurumidza kwekuzungunuka kwemagnetic field ye inductor - "mahombekombe" - mukuru kudarika kutenderera kwetsvimbo. Iyi parameter yemotokari - inonchronous speed of rotation - inonzi "slip" uye inogona kusvika kusvika 7% yepamhanho inotaridzika ye stator magnetic field.

Iyo yakawanda ye magnetic field mu "hove yehrshoe" inochinja nzvimbo yayo yepakati sezvo inotenderera. Maererano nemutemo wemagetsi ekugadzirwa kwemagetsi, magetsi anowanikwa mudanda pamwe chete ne "shamwari yeupenyu" - magnetic field. Magnetic masikati anobata, anobatana, uye ... shandura rotor. Mhepo chaiyo yeasynchronous inodzokorora nheyo yekushanda sezvakataurwa pano. Chimwe chinhu, denderedzwa yakavharwa - tine zvinhu zviviri pasina injini yekubatanidza, asi kutenderera kweumwe wavo, unogamuchira simba remagetsi, inotungamirira kune kutenderera kweimwe. Basa re "rambo" risingaoneki rinoitwa nemagnetic masikati emaginheti ehhashi uye tsvimbo.

Kuti uite injini, pane chinhu chakasara-haufaniri kuchinja mabhiza, asi ita kuti magnetic field ichinje. Mune mamwe mazwi, nheyo yekushanda inoratidza chirevo chekushanda nechokuti mukati maro pfungwa yepamusoro ye magnetic field inofamba mu stator mu denderedzwa, sokunge iyo inoshandisa magetsi magetsi. Rinoramba richishandira zviduku-"shandisa" magnetic field.

Dambudziko rekushandura magnetic field rakagadziriswa seizvi:

• Muchikwata, zvitatu zviviri zvepalo zvinowanikwa - mapepi - pachigadziko che 120 degrees;
• A sinusoidal voltage inoshandiswa kune coil imwe kubva pane imwe nzvimbo. Zvinotendwa kuti nguva yakakwana ye sinusoid (nguva) is 360 degrees. Mhepo yakasimba yepamusoro inokwana madigiri 90 zvichienzaniswa nezero-zvose zvinodzidziswa muchikoro;
• Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti mhepo inoputika inowanikwa nechinguva chechikamu chetatu chemazuva (magetsi anotaura "zvikamu zvitatu nekuchinja kwema12 degrees") - ichi ndicho chirevo chemotokari seyynchronous. Iyo yakawanda ye magnetic field simba inofamba kubva pamapuranga maviri okutanga kusvika kune wechipiri, uye kusvika kune chechitatu. Zvadaro iyo inodzokorora, iyo yakaenzana neyokusimuka, kunyanya, "kutenderera" kwemagnetic field.

Saka, pasina uye pasina ruzha, simba remagetsi re stator rinoshanduka kuva chimiro chemagetsi che rotor. Kuumba injini iyi yezvishamiso, vanhu vakatora makumi emakumi emakore, uye tine maminitsi gumi nemashanu kuti tive nechivimbo tichiti: motokari seyynchronous? Hapana chinhu chiri nyore.