Cytology - chii ichocho?

Cytology - chii ichocho? Nokuda kwekuzarurirwa kwakakwana kweshoko iri, mumwe anofanirwa kureva mutauro wekare wechiGiriki, sezvo unobva kwazviri unoitika. Mukushandura kubva kubva muchiGiriki chekare "kitos" - cage, uye "logos" - dzidziso. Saka, cytology - chii ichocho? Iyi ndiyo sayenzi yemasero. Kana iwe ukarondedzera nyaya yacho zvakanyanya, zvakakodzera kutaura kuti ari kudzidza maitiro avo uye maitiro ekushanda.

Nhoroondo yezvakabva uye kubudirira kwesayenzi

Yokutanga microscope yakagadzirwa pakati pezana remakore re XVII. Chaizvoizvo, nokuda kwechigadzirwa ichi, cytology yakaonekwa. Izvi zvinorevei? Ichokwadi ndechokuti, kunyatsocherechedza nekucherechedza zvipenyu zvipenyu kuburikidza nekuvakwa kwepakutanga kwekukudza magirazi, mutauro weChirungu Robert Hook akatanga kuona kuti zvose zvinosanganisira microparticles inoparadzaniswa. Akavadana masero. Imakore gumi gare gare mumwe mutsvakurudzi, Anthony van Leeuwenhoek, akawana kuti masero ose ane chirongwa chekati mukati uye mamwe maitiro ekushanda. Izvowo ndeyekutsvaga kwenyama. Panguva imwecheteyo, pfungwa yegadziriro yesero uye basa rayo rinokosha yakadzivirirwa kwenguva yakareba nekukura kusina simba kwemakorosikopu. Aya matanho anokosha akatevera akatorwa kare pakati pezana remakore rechina, apo nzira yacho yakanyatsogadziriswa. Mhedzisiro inonyanya kukosha ye-cytology yenguva ino se sayenzi ndiyo kusikwa kwemafoni masayenzi uye kuwanikwa kweprotoplasm.

Cell theory

Shandisa ruzivo rwakanyanyisa rwakakonzerwa nenguva ino, biologist mbiri, T. Schwann naMicha Schleiden, pachake panguva imwechete vanopa sangano rezvesayenzi pfungwa yokuti mhuka dzose nemiti zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvakafanana-masero. Uye imwe neimwe yemasero ega ega ane zvinhu zvehupenyu hupenyu. Ichi chirevo chemaitiro akaoma ehupenyu pasi pano chakange chiine simba guru pakufambira mberi kwechizivo chesainzi.

Kuwanikwa kweprotoplasm

Imwe kubudirira kunokosha kwevasayendisiti mundima iyi kwaiva kuwanikwa nekutsanangurwa kweprotoplasm - chinhu chinokonzera zvipenyu zvemagetsi uye inzvimbo yezvakaitika kune nhengo dzaro dzemuviri. Ruzivo rwekupedzisira pamusoro peprotoplasm rwakadzika uye rwakashandurwa zvakajeka pakuenzanisa nevakakosha. Mazuva ano, nzvimbo iyi yemagumo inonzi cytoplasm.

Kuwedzera kumwe kubudirira

Kutenda kutsvakurudza kwekamuri, muchikamu chechipiri chemiviri yeXIXth discrete, iri mune nucleus-chromosomes, yakawanikwa. Kudzidza kwavo, kuwanikwa kweizvozvo Ichokwadi kuti mhando imwe neimwe ine imwe nguva inogara ichiita ma chromosomes, iyo nucleus inotora chikamu chakanyatsogadzirwa mukuberekwa, yakatungamirirwa kuwanikwa kwemitemo yekuenderera mberi kwemajini. Chikamu chinotevera mukukudziridzwa kwechitology chaive chidzidzo chemashoko epamusoro emu genetic heredity. Mupiro wakakosha kunzvimbo iyi wakagadzirwa nemusayendisiti weAustria wekupedzisira kwezana remakore rechi19, Gregor Mendel.

Cytology - chii ichi kune sayenzi yemazuva ano?

Kutaura zvazviri, kusimbiswa kwekodhiyanzvi hwemagetsi uye nzira dzezvesayenzi zvakaitwa cytology kare nechepakati pezana remakore rechi20 chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pane zvidzidzo zvehupenyu. Nzira dzemazuva ano dze cytology dzinoshandiswa mukusarudza nekuberekwa kwemiti mitsva inobatsira vanhu, kuongorora kenza tumaronda uye kukwanisa kuzvidzora, kukura kwezviitiko zvekuvaka uye zvichingodaro.