Ndeipi nhamba pi uye ndeipi nhoroondo yayo

Imwe yenhamba dzisinganzwisisiki dzinozivikanwa kuvanhu ndeyechokwadi nhamba Π (verenga - pi). MuAlgebra, nhamba iyi inoratidza kukosha kwehuwandu hwehurefu hwependeredzwa uye hupamhi hwayo. Pakutanga kukosha uku kwainzi nhamba ye ludolph. Nhamba uye sei nhamba yePi yakabva ino isingazikamwi zvechokwadi, asi masvomhu akaparadzanisa muzvikamu zvitatu nhoroondo yose yehamba Π, yekare, yekare uye nguva yekombiyuta makombiyuta.

Nhamba n isinganzwisisiki, kureva kuti, haikwanisi kumira semutsara wakajeka, uko nhamba uye dhinominator zvizere. Nokudaro, nhamba yakadaro haina mhedziso uye ndeye nguva. Izvozvo zvisina kufanira II zvakatanga kupupurirwa naRambert muna 1761.

Mukuwedzera kune imwe nzvimbo, nhamba Π haigoni kuva mudzi weipi chero ipi zvayo, uye naizvozvo inhamba isingapfuuri. Iyi pfuma, apo yakaratidzwa muna 1882, yakagumisa kupopotedzana kwetsvene kwevadzidzi vemasvomhu "pamusoro pe quadrature yedenderedzwa," iyo yakagara kwemakore 2 500.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Briton Jones akatanga kutumidza kudanwa kwenhamba iyi muna 1706. Mushure mokunge mabasa eEuler aonekwa, kushandiswa kwemazita akadaro kwakazogamuchirwa kazhinji.

Kuti unzwisise zvakadzama kuti nhamba yePi ndeyei, inofanira kunzi kuti kushandiswa kwayo kwakazara zvakanyanya zvokuti zvakaoma kunyange kutumidza munda wesayenzi iyo inoparidzirwa nayo. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakajeka uye zvakajairika kubva purogiramu yezvidzidzo zvechikoro ndeyokugadzirisa kwemajeriyamu nguva. Chiyero chehupamhi hwechitenderera kusvika pakureba kwaro kubwinya uye hunokwana 3, 14. Ikoshi iyi yaizivikanwe kunyange kune vakwegura vemasvomhu vakawanda muIndia, Greece, Bhabhironi, Egypt. Chimwe chekutanga chekuverenga chiyero chinoreva gore ra1900 BC. E. Nyanzvi yeSayenzi wekuShayina Liu Hui akaverenga kukosha kweP pane pedyo nezvino, uyezve, akaumbawo nzira inokurumidza yekuverenga kwakadaro. Kubwinya kwahwo kwakaramba kuripo kwemakore anenge 900.

Chikoro chekudzidza kwemasvomhu chakaratidzirwa kuti kuitira kuti atange zvakanyatsoitwa nhamba yePi, masayendisiti akatanga kushandisa nzira dzekuongorora masvomhu. Muma 1400s, muIndia nyanzvi yemasvomhu Madhava akashandisa nheyo yezvitevedzeri kuverenga nekugadzirisa nguva yenhamba P nekururamisa kwemajeri gumi nemashure mushure mekupedzisira. Vokutanga veEurope, mushure meArchimedes, avo vakatsvakurudza nhamba yeP uye vakapa ruzivo rwakakosha kururamisiro rwayo, akanga ari Dutch Dutchman Ludolf van Zeilen, uyo akanga atotora mamiriyoni 15 mushure meiyo decimal, uye mubhuku racho akanyora mazwi anofadza zvikuru: "... uyo ane hanya - regai aende mberi." Yakanga iri mukukudzwa kwesainzi uyu, nhamba P, iyo yakawana zita rayo rokutanga uye roga muhupenyu.

Nguva yekombiyuta inotora mashoko matsva mukunzwisisa kwechinhu chinonzi nhamba yeP. Saka kuitira kuti uwane kuti iyo nhamba yeP yaiva chii, muna 1949 kombiyuta yeENAC yakatanga kushandiswa, imwe yevashanduri veyo "baba" yeramangwana yemakorikari emazuva ano, J. von Neumann. Chiyero chekutanga chakaitwa kwemaawa makumi manomwe uye chakapa makumi maviri nemazana makumi maviri nemazana makumi mana shure kwechirevo chepamusoro munguva yeP. Chiratidzo chemamiriyoni ezviratidzo chakazosvika muna 1973. Uyezve, panguva iyi dzimwe mazano akaratidza nhamba yeP. yakasimbiswa. Nokudaro, hama dzaChudnovsky dzakakwanisa kuwana imwe yakabvumidza kuverenga 1 011 196 691 mifananidzo ye nguva.

Muzvinyorwa, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kuitira kupindura mubvunzo uyu: "Chiiko chinonzi Pi?", Zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakatanga kufanana nemakwikwi. Nhasi, vatongi vemazuva ano vari kutotarisa mubvunzo wekuti chii chaicho, iyo Pi inhamba. Nyaya dzinofadza dzakabatana nezvidzidzo izvi, zvinowanikwa munharaunda yese yezvidzidzo zvemasvomhu.

Nhasi, somuenzaniso, makwikwi enyika anoitirwa kuchengeta nhamba P uye rekodhi rekodhi dzenyika, iyo yekupedzisira ndeyeChina Liu Ciao, kwezuva rine zviduku, zvinonzi 67 890 zviratidzo. Munyika kune kunyange hovha yehamba P, iyo inopembererwa musi waMarch 14 se "Zuva rePi nhamba".

Maererano nedhenda yegore ra2011 yave yakagadzirirwa 10 trillion nhamba ye nguva yenhamba.