Kuyambuka vanhu nemhuka - kufambira mberi kwesayenzi kana kumhura?

Nhau iyo hurumende yeBritain yakapa "chiedza chemavara" chekuyambuka kwevanhu nemhuka, yakakonzera kukanganisika uye mibvunzo yakawanda pakati pevagari venyika yose. Kune vakawanda, chokwadi ichi hachikwanisi mumusoro, nokuti chinoratidzika chisina munhu. Asi zvakadaro vazhinji vari kufarira mitsva yezviongorori.

Kuyambuka muUnited States

Muna 2008, masayendisiti muUnited States akawana kodzero yepamutemo yekutambidza vanhu nemhuka. Asi hazvibviri kuti vese vese vekoroti vadzidzisi vatange kuongorora zvidzidzo zvakadaro, asi kune avo vakagamuchira reti yeizvi. Kuedza kwakadaro kunoitwa nechinangwa chekusika masero emasero ayo achakwanisa kubvisa vanhu vane zvirwere zvisingaregi, zvakadai sechirwere cheAlzheimer, nezvimwewo.

Pasinei nezvinangwa zvakanaka izvi, vamwe vanhu vane simba vari kuedza kurambidza zvidzidzo zvakadaro pamarudzi evanhu nemhuka, nokuti izvi zvinopesana nemitemo.

Masayendisiti akakwanisa kukura 155 "zvisingaiti" embryos. Asi mari yekutsvaga kwakadaro yakagumiswa. Vabatsiri vemarabhu havaregi tariro yekuwana mhinduro dzinoda, nokuti mutemo uchiri kumativi avo.

Zvakaitika munguva yakapfuura

Ichokwadi, hapana ruzivo rwakavimbika pamusoro pokuti kuedza kunoitwa pakuyambuka kwevanhu nemhuka munguva yedu (kuongorora kwekuKU hakuna kuverengwa). Asi chokwadi chokuti iyo yakabatwa muzana remakore rechi20, pane humwe uchapupu hwehuwandu. Mutoro wezvidzidzo izvi aiva Purofesa Ivanov Ilya Ivanovich. Uyu musayendisiti atova akayambuka zvikara zvakasiyana-siyana uye akawana kumwe kubudirira mune izvi. Semuenzaniso, muna 1901 akatanga nheyo yekutanga, umo vakaedza kuita nemaune kuti vayambuke mbiru nemabhiza. Mushure memakore anenge makumi maviri, musayendisiti uyu akave akakurumbira, sezvo nekubatanidzwa kwake mus ox inotorwa. Asi kurota kwaIvanov kwaiva kudarika vanhu nemhuka, kunyanya nemonke.

Ongororo dzinoitwa naIvanov

Aine pfungwa yake, purofesa akataura pa symposia, apo nyanzvi dzokuMadokero dzaifunga kuti kuedza kwakadaro kunonyomba. Asi pfungwa iyi inofarira vakuru vakuru veSoviet, saka akatsigira rwendo rwaIvanov kuenda kuAfrica, kwaaizogona kuongorora zvakafanana. Iko pano, maererano nahupurofesa, hapasi chete gorillas, maanangutan uye chimpanze, asiwo tuzemok, uyo ane chido chakasimba anobvumirana kuti anogamuchirwe nemasikirini emamonke.

Zvechokwadi, kuti awane mari yekuyambuka vanhu nemhuka, Ivanov aifanira kupfuura nemugwagwa wemhinzwa, asi pakupedzisira muna 1926 akaenda kuGuinea pamwe nemwanakomana wake. Mushure mokugadzirisa mu laboratori yePasteur Institute, musayendisiti akatendeukira kune kennel yemonke. Asi paiva nemabhati chete, zvakasununguka, zvisina kukodzera kubereka. Bata munhu mukuru kubva musango hapana munhu akatya, nokuti ingozi yekubvarurwa kuita zvidimbu.

Imwe mushure mokugadzwa kwemubairo mukuru kwazvo avo vanonyanya kushingaira vanogona kubata vanhu vanoverengeka. Musayendisiti akaedza kuvhara mbongoro nehutu hwevanhu, asi aidawo kuedza kuedza, kuitira kuti mukadzi ave nemimba kubva kune gorilla. Asi madzimai akaoma-ganda akabvuma kubereka vana kubva monkey, saka Ivanov aigutsikana chete nekuti monkey chete yevakadzi yakasungwa.

Migumisiro yekuedza kwaIvanov

Muzhizha ra1927, purofesa akabva kuAfrica, uye akatora vakadzi gumi nematanhatu pamwe naye, kuitira kuti awane mugumisiro munyika yake, iyo inofanira kuita kuti muchinjikwa pakati pemurume nemonkey. Vari munzira, vaviri vavo vakafa. Iko "kutanga" kwekutanga kwaakaita muMarseilles. Achibva pano anozvidavirira, akaenda kuParis, kuitira kuti aporese mwoyo. Asi mamiriro ekuti mbongoro dzave dzakanyanyisa, saka saka vakadzi vakafa imwe pashure. Mhuka dzakasara dzakatumirwa ku Sukhumi. Pano, mwedzi mitatu gare gare, vanhu vakasara vakafa. Zvakasarudzwa kuvhura mbongoro, uye zvakazoitika kuti vakadzi vacho vakanga vasina kumbako.

Zvakaitwa naipurofesa zvakaguma here?

Pasinei nerwendo urwu rwakakundikana, Ivanov haana kurega kuedza kwake. Imbongoro yakavhurwa muSukhumi, uye varume nevakadzi vakawanda vakazvidira kuti vatore chikamu muchiedza. Kuedza kwakadaro kwakaenderera mberi kusvikira pakuguma kwema1920, kusvikira Ivanov asarudza kupa zvigaro kuvanhu. Asi mumagazini eSoviet aya mashoko aya akaramba kuratidza, saka purofesa akatuma mharidzo pamusoro pekuedza kuPasteur Institute. Vakuru veSoviet vakafunga kuti chiito ichi chaiva chigumbuso, uye, maererano nemamwe mabhuku, muna 1932 Ivanov akafuridzirwa.

Zvii zvakaguma nekupfuura kwevanhu nemhuka? Mifananidzo, zvinyorwa, zviyero zveiyo nyuchi (dai dzaive) uye havana kuona chiedza.

Zvingaita here mbongoro?

Zvinokwanisika here kuti kuyambuka munhu ane monkey kuchabereka michero yakanaka, uye mwana achaonekwa akagara nhaka yejini kubva kuvabereki vose? Sezvatotaurwa, hazvizivikanwe kana kuedza kwakadaro kuchiitwa munguva yedu, saka hazvibviri kunyatsopindura mubvunzo uyu. Asi vanyori vanoziva zviitiko apo majaya makuru akarova vakadzi veAfrica. Hazvigoneki kuti vana ava vanogona kuva nemwana, nokuti vakadzi, zvichida, vakaparara nenzara kana kunetswa kwepabonde kwevarume vane rudo.