Nheyo mudzimu injini. Nheyo nokushanda AC motokari. Physics, Grade 9

Nhasi kufunga kwevanhu budiriro uye nzanga yepamusorosoro hazvibviri pasina magetsi. Mumwe kiyi namano kuti anotsigira basa midziyo yemagetsi, ndiye injini. muchina uyu rwakawana kwakapararira zvikuru: kubva indasitiri (mafeni, crushers, compressors) kune epamba kushandiswa (washing machine, drills, etc.). Asi chii chinonzi musimboti kushanda injini?

sarudzo

Nheyo nokushanda electric motor uye ayo chikuru nezvinangwa vari kutamira kushanda miviri zvakakodzera kuzadzisa kwesayenzi dzinotsanagura zvokuimba simba. The Injini pacharo rinobereka nayo tichiregeredza magetsi ukapisa kubva afoot. Pane kutaura, nheyo nokushanda electric motor is zvemagetsi simba kupinda zvokuimba simba. Huwandu zvokuimba simba kunotangira navo paminiti chairema nguva inonzi simba.

marudzi Motors

Zvichienderana zvokudya zvechadenga samambure mhando mbiri mikuru injini vangazivikanwa dc uye č. Rakajairika DC michina muri Motors ane yakarongeka, akazvimirira uye yakavhenganiswa excitation. Mienzaniso Motors musi AC ngaasimbise synchronous uye asynchronous michina. Pasinei pachena kusiyana, mashoko midziyo uye nheyo kushanda injini upi kuenda inobva kudyidzana pamwe magetsi kondakita uye simba remagineti, kana kuchaitwa magineti (ferromagnetic chinhu) pamwe remagineti.

Frame uno - motokari preimage

Pfungwa huru panyaya iyi, sezvo nheyo anoita injini, anogona kunzi kwaita torque. Funga izvozvo kutanga kunogona kuva muenzaniso furemu ine kuitika, chine mbiri conductors uye magineti. Current rinoshandisirwa kondakita kubudikidza pitikoti zvindori izvo ngadzirambe dziri kutenderera pamatanda akabatana. Maererano yakakurumbira kutonga ruoko rworuboshwe pamatanda achaita mauto kuti pave torque hama kuti akabatana. Ari pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu zvachose simba achava tenderera ari counterclockwise negwara. Zvinozivikanwa kuti torque ndiye Proportional kune rinobva induction (B), zvakananga kuitika kusimba (I), (S) yaiungana pepuranga uye runotsamira pakona pakati munda mitsetse uye rokupedzisira akabatana. Zvisinei, achifuridzirwa nguva, kuchinja mune mirayiridzo yaro, pamatanda achaita oscillate. Chii kutora kuti paumbwe kugara kutungamirirwa? Kune miviri nzira:

• kushandura kutungamirirwa Magetsi ari pepuranga uye nzvimbo conductors hama kuti magineti matanda;
• kushandura mirayiridzo dzesango, pasinei nokuti pamatanda rotates iri kuramba negwara.

A musimboti yokutanga inoshandiswa DC Motors. Uye chechipiri - ndiwo musimboti nokushanda AC motokari.

Changing kutungamirirwa hama kuitika kune magineti

Kuti kuchinja mirayiridzo inofamba kuti mhosva inoramba iri kondakita ane kuitika puranga, zano iro akapa nayo nenzira zvichienderana urongwa conductors. zvakagadzirwa iri rakatangwa kuburikidza kushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope vaaizivana, dzinoshandiswa kupa kutira kuti pamatanda. Kana kutsiva mumwe ring kana puranga riri zvayaitenderera paguyo nehafu uyewo ano mirayiridzo kunoshandurwa uye torque zvitoro nayo. Zvakakosha kuti funga kuti munhu rin'i yaungana kubva sezvikamu zviviri zviri insulated nepedyo.

The namaapuro DC michina

The muenzaniso pamusoro - ndiwo musimboti basa DC motokari. The muchina chaiyo, anongonzwa ane zvakawanda zvakaoma kunzwisisa izvo inoshandisa makumi ezviuru mapuranga vanoumba ari armature ichitenderera. The conductors of ichitenderera inoiswa chaiyo grooves ari cylindrical ferromagnetic core. Kumigumo windings chokuita kuti voga nemhete dzinoumba zvawanda. Ichitenderera, nemuteresi uye chinoumba - ndiye chinotsigisa kutenderera ari mabheyaringi pamusoro dzimba ari injini. The remagineti excitation iri kunotangira matanda wechigarire magnets a, izvo yakarongwa redzimba. The ichitenderera kwakabatana kune mains, uye anogona vanosanganisira vose pasina kubva chikepe cheni uye sequentially. Muchiitiko chokutanga, injini uchava muNaziri excitation, rechipiri - kupindirana. Panewo kuronga yakavhenganiswa excitation paaishandisa maviri chete mhando ichitenderera kubatana.

synchronous Machine

Nheyo nokushanda synchronous injini ndiko kudikanwa kuumba kutenderera remagineti. Zvino unofanira kuisa mukati bhokisi streamlined kuchinja nenzira magetsi conductors. Nheyo nokushanda synchronous injini, yakanga kwakapararira kwazvo indasitiri, kwakavakirwa muenzaniso pamusoro apa, ane muviri ane kuitika. Munda kutenderera zvinoberekwa magineti chakaumbwa ichitenderera hurongwa zvine chokuita kuti mains. Kazhinji kushandisa-danho matatu windings, asi nheyo kushanda kuti chimwe chinhanho injini AC haangavi vakasiyana vatatu-danho, kunze kuti uwandu maitikiro pachavo, izvo vasingakoshi kana tichifunga magadzirirwo zvinhu. The windings anoiswa mukati stator cheap car insurance vamwe kuchinja circumferentially. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti pave kutenderera remagineti akaumba mudenga pakakoromoka.

synchronism

A inokosha zvikuru ndiyo nemasiraidhi akapendwa nokushanda electric motor kuvakwa pamusoro. In kubata simba remagineti pamwe magetsi ari rotor ichitenderera aumbwa pacharo gwenya kutenderera kwacho kuri synchronous noruremekedzo kuti vachishandisa kutenderera remagineti inoumbwa ne stator. Synchronism nekuchengetedzwa kuna kunonyanyisa torque, izvo zviri kukonzerwa nemishonga. Kana mutoro kunowedzera, muchina vanogona sync.

induction injini

The uchishandisa pfungwa yemagetsi induction ndiko pamberi kutenderera remagineti uye namahwindo mapuranga (mumatunhu) pamusoro rotor - kugadzira mugove. A remagineti achiumbwa saizvozvo kwakaita synchronous injini - kushandisa cheap car insurance riri stator windings chokuita nomunhu rakatumbuka voltage Network. rotor windings akaumbwa gumi-muzvishwe uye yechinangwa vanowanzova mhando mbiri kuita: danho uye pfupi-circuited. Pfungwa anoita AC injini mune zvose zviitiko zvakafanana, asi akaitwa kuchinja. Kana munhu tsindi-keji rotor (aizivikanwawo "tsindi keji") ichitenderera aruminiyamu wakaumbwa akadurura kupinda grooves. Ari kugadzirwa danho ichitenderera kumigumo danho rimwe nerimwe outputted kusvikira kunze nomukombiyuta zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope-kuonana zvindori, sezvo izvi kuchaita kuti zvimwe resistors mudunhu izvo zvinodiwa nokudzora injini nokukurumidza.

kudhonza Machine

Nheyo nokushanda traction injini zvakafanana injini pamwe zvakananga ano. Kubva ano iri vaipa kune mains danho-up transformer. Next, mumwe-danho matatu rakatumbuka ano iri hwakatamisirwa inokosha traction substations. Pane rectifier. It anomuchinja AC kuna DC. In Scheme yakatakura ayo imwe polarity kuna trolley waya, mumwe - zvakananga njanji. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti vazhinji traction zvigadziriswe anoshanda pane imwe kakawanda zvakasiyana hwakagadzwa maindasitiri (50 Hz). Saka, shandisa chastotnik kuti injini, kuti uchishandisa nhungamiro iri kutendeutsa kakawanda uye nokudzora noruzhinji ichi.

By pantograph vanomutswa voltage ari kusvitsa kukamuri uko kutanga resistors uye contactors. With rheostats controllers chokuita kuti traction Motors, izvo vakaronga pasi zvokubatisa bogies. Kwavari, mumwe kuitika runoyerera kuburikidza matai pamusoro njanji uye ipapo akazodzokera traction substation, nokudaro nokuvhara yemagetsi vematunhu.