Ndiyo huru panda ibhe kana raccoon?

Giant panda, mbatya kana Tibetan mountain bear - ose aya mazita echikara chisina kudzidza uye chakaipisisa. Kutenda kuchena kwayo uye kuchena kwechichena nemucheka wakaipa , rudzi urwu runoratidzika nyore. Dema "magirazi" akatenderedza maziso, nzeve huru dzemavara akafanana, chiso chinonakidza-chiso chakanaka, kukwanisa kugara pasi, semunhu, kubvongodza kubha mumakumbo akaita panda mudiwa wevana munzvimbo dzose. Zvisinei, rutivi rwehupenyu hwayo rwakanyanya kuderera, uye mumasango mhuka idzi dzinotungamirira nzira yakadaro yehupenyu yokuti vasayendisiti vakanga vasinganzwisisi zvizere maitiro avo kusvika pakupedzisira. Nokudaro, kusvika munguva pfupi yakanga isati yakanyatsojeka kumhuri ipi iyo pandas guru ndeye - kubereka, raccoons kana kuti kugadzira boka rakazvimirira.

Kunze mhuka iyi inonakidza yakafanana nebere. Vafudzi vechiChinese vainge vakarurama pavakadana chikara che-bei-shuang (chaizvoizvo: bheya ye polar). Zvisinei, vatsvakurudzi kwenguva yakareba vakafunga kuti chisikwa ichi chikafu chinokonzera raccoon, nokuti panda yakakura ine zvinyorwa zvinowanzoitika kune imwe duku, iyo isingabvumirwi kuonekwa seyoyo. Zvisinei, achifananidza zvose zviratidzo uye kudzidza panda genome, masayendisiti ezvimazuva ano achiri kutonga chirevo: bhembodo yemasango - shure kwezvose, bheya! Pakutanga kweMiocene, kureva, makore gumi nemaviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu apfuura, bazi repanda guru nekuda kwekushanduka-shanduka kwakaparadzaniswa kubva mumutsara mukuru wemabhere. Uye kunze kwakafanana neRaccoon hakutsananguriki nemamwe mavambo, asi nekuchengetedzwa kwezvimwe zvinhu mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana.

Ndepapi uye panda inodya chii? Iyi mhuka isingawanzogara iri mumakomo (1200-4000 m pamusoro pegungwa) masango emapurovhinzi akawanda eChina - Gansu, Tibet neSichuan. Tsvaga mapfupa ekare emhuka mumakomo eIndochina uye zviwi zveKalimantan. Izvi zvinotakura mukushanduka kwekushanduka-shanduka zvinenge zvakashandurwa zvachose kune kudya kwezvirimwa: 99% yepanda-yakadyiwa kudya kunowira pamasango anotsvaga. Maererano netsika yekare yekare, haafungi kudya uchi, hove, midzi, uye haityisidzi nheyo.

Asi zvose zvakafanana, panda yakawanda inofarira mbatya. Iyo yakabatana zvakasimba kwazvo nemasango emasango zvokuti yakava kutuka kwake. Ichokwadi ndechokuti mbatya inokura nokukurumidza, inokura mumugwagwa, asi zvino, makore makumi mana kusvika makumi mashanu gare gare, inokura uye inofa nokukurumidza zvikuru, uye hutsva hunotevera hunoonekwa mushure memakore gumi nemana. Pamberi pacho, mhuka idzi dzakangotamira kune dzimwe nharaunda, asi ikozvino, apo masango akaparadzaniswa neminda, migwagwa uye misha, vanofa nenzara. Pashure pezvose, kana mhuka dzakadaro dzichidya zvokudya zvisingabviri, izvo zvinongowanikwa ne17%, zvinofanira kuchengetedza simba. Panda anofarira kutungamirira mararamiro ehupenyu, uye iyo maawa 14 paanomuka, anofanira kugara achicheka chimwe chinhu.

Iyo panda yakakura chaizvoizvo ibhe duku. Kukura kwayo kunenge mamita uye 65 masentimita, uremu - anenge zana kilogram. Vakadzi vashoma kudarika varume. Miswe mutsva mukuru kudarika imwe yemabhesi - 12 cm. Mumusango izvi zvisikwa zvisingaoneki zvinorarama makore gumi nemakumi maviri nemashanu, uye mumakungwa, nekuchengetedzwa nekuchengetwa kwezvokurapa - kusvika makore 26. Pandas inoita mhere-mhere isina kufanana neyemhondi. Kuti vataure ushamwari, vanononoka vachidonha semakwayana; Nokutsamwa uye kusuruvara mhuka dzomhuka; Mhuka dzinonyanya kurwadziwa, "munda" apo dzinoda kuratidza kutyisidzira, uye "tweet" munguva yekubatana. Makono acho anoputika uye anopenya.

Panda yakawanda inobereka vana vaviri (zvishoma pane imwechete kana zvitatu). Zvisinei, munguva pfupi inosarudza kabhi rakakura uye rakanaka, uye amai vakadzingwa - vanoparara. Kuchengetedza rufu rwemhuka isati isingazivikanwi, masayendisiti emakungwa anotora cub imwe ndokubva achinja iyo nezuva. Nokudaro, vanogona kunyengedzera amai uye kukura zvibonde zviviri panguva imwe chete. Ichi chikara chakanyorwa muAltern Red Book, uye muChina ichiziviswa pfuma yenyika yenyika. Iye zvino mumasikirwo haararami anopfuura chikamu chimwe nehafu, chinosvika kusvika 1600 pandas guru. Vamwe 140 vanogara mune zvinyorwa.