Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yeadhaimani, iyo yakagadzikana uye chimiro chemaminerari

Chinyiko chinoputika uye chinokisa dhamondi? Pane maminerari mune fomu yakanyungudutswa munzvimbo yakasikwa here? Tichatarisa mhinduro kune idzi nemimwe mibvunzo munyaya dzakataurwa.

Dhizimondi dzakaumbwa sei mumoyo wePasi?

Maererano nevasayendisiti, madhayamondi aigona kuonekwa panguva yekuumbwa kwenheyo yenyika semugumisiro wekumanikidzirwa kwekunyanya kukuru kune magma yakanyungudutswa. Kunzvimbo dzepamusoro-soro kwepasi, mabwe anokosha akafambira mberi nekuda kwekugadzirisa mumvura yakadzika. Somugumisiro, izvo zvinonzi ma diamond tubes zvakaumbwa, izvo zvinowanikwa muvhu rakaoma rine mabhokisi makuru emaminerari.

Material properties

Tisati taona kuti chii chinokanya marimondi, regai titarise zvinhu zvemaminerari:

1. Dhaimondi dzine dambudziko rakanyanya kukurira pakati pezvose zvakasikwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, hapana chinhu chinogona kuparadza sarimondi kana kupararira. Iye pachake anogona kukanganisa chero chinhu chipi nechipi chaicho.
2. Diamond inonyanya kuisa insulator. Iyo inopikisa kune acids nezvimwe zvinoparadza makemikari.
3. Diamond ine yepamusoro inotyisa conductivity pakati pezvinhu zvose zvakasimba zvicherwa. Iwe unogona kubata dombo rinokosha sezvaunoda muchanza cheruoko rwako. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutonhora kwayo kuchagara kusina kuchinja.
4. Dhaimondi ine luminescence yakasiyana. Chiedza chenzira chero ipi zvayo inotangira pakupfuura nemumumera ichiita kuti chivhenekera uye chinyararire nemarudzi ose ehota.

Maitiro

Chaizvoizvo, dhamondi inowanikwa neakarosi maatomu. Zvisinei, mumwe nomumwe wavo ari munharaunda yetethedhedron - polyhedron, iyo inoumbwa kubva kumagetsi mana emutatu. Izvi zvinopa hukama hwakasimba hweatomu. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuoma kwakanyanya, pamwe chete nekunakidza kunyorera kwe diamond.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ekunyungudha madhaimondi

Muna 2010, panguva yekuongorora kwefizikiki paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, iri muBerkeley, chiyero chekushisa chinokonzera padhaimani, iyo inotungamirira kugeuka kwayo, yakatemwa. Masayendisiti akafunga kuti kushandura chinhu ichocho mumvura yakasvibiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo hazvibviri, pasinei nehuwandu hwekupisa. Kuti uite chinangwa ichi, zvinogoneka chete apo dhamondi inobatwa kwete kwete chete nekupisa, asiwo nepamusoro pekumanikidza. Kuwedzerwa kuoma kunokosha kuitira kuti mineral isashanduki kuva graphite. Nokudaro, kuchinja kwedhaimondi kusvika mumvura yakakosha inzira yakaoma kwazvo.

Chinyiko chinoputika uye chinokisa dhamondi?

Maererano nedaibhuku rakawanikwa panguva yekuongorora zvinhu zvemashoko acho, kusvibiswa mukati memhepo inenge iri pasi pekumanikidzika kunoitika apo inopisa kusvika 850-1000 ° C. Usati wabiya, diamond inogona kuendeswa kutonho kubva kubva muna 1800 kusvika ku2000 ° C muvharo. Muzviitiko zvose izvi, apo kunotonhora, mineral inoshandurwa kuva graphite.

Kutarisa nzvimbo yakanyunguduka yeadhamoni, masayendisiti akaedza kuongorora achishandisa zviduku zvidhinha, iyo yakawanda yaiva ye000 ye carat. Kubika kwezviya zvezvinhu izvi kwakaitika pasi pesimba rekutyisidzika kunokonzerwa nekanguva-laser pulses.

Kuti aone chinangwa chekunyunguduka kwema diamond (mu digri), vatsvakurudzi vakabudirira chete mukugadzira dambudziko rakange riri mamiriyoni makumi mana pakupamhira kudarika kushandiswa kwemhepo yakadzika pagungwa. Apo mhirizhonga inoderedzwa kusvika mamirioni 11 emhepo, zvikamu zvakasimba zvinoumbwa pamusoro pemvura inoyisa, isina kunyura, asi inofamba sechando mumvura.

Ndeipi madhaimani anowirirana munyika?

Aya emaminera haawanzoitiki. Zvisinei, mari inoshandiswa mumabhizimisi ikozvino irikudziridzwa zvese pamakondinendi ose enyika. Chimwe chinongova Antarctica chete.

Kusvikira pakati pemakore ekuma1900 yakave yakatendwa kuti minerals yakaumbwa murwizi. Gare gare, matangi ekutanga aine dhamoni akawanikwa muvhu rakaoma remakomo pakadzika kwemazana emamita mamita.

Maererano nevasayendisiti, nguva yemamwe madhayamondi inotarisana nemamiriyoni zana kusvika ku2,5 mabhiriyoni. Vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuwana mamwe ma "minera" emaminera ematunhu asiri pasi. Iyo yekupedzisira inounzwa kunyika pamwe chete nemameteorite, iyo yakaumbwa munzvimbo yekunze kunyange kusati kwatanga kugadzirwa kwezuva.

Kune madhaimani mufananidzo wakaumbwa mu vivo here?

Iko kunyauka kwedhaimondi kwakakwirira zvakanyanya zvokuti paNyika mineral haigone kuvepo muhuipi. Asi zvinhu zviine zvinhu zvakadini? Maererano nevasayendisiti, kusviba kwezinga re diamond kuchiri kuchengetwa munzvimbo dzakadzika dzemapuraneti akadai saNepune uye Uranus. Zvakakosha kuti 10% yekupedzisira yakagadzirwa kubva ku carbon, iyo ndiyo yakagadziriswa yeyi mineral.

Maererano nemasayendisiti akawanda, pamapuraneti ari pamusoro apa pane mazamu akazara emadhaimani mune imwe mvura, iri kuvira. Iyi pfungwa inotsanangura kuti nei magnetic field yemitumbi yekudenga ichiita zvakashamisa zvikuru. Mushure mezvose, Neptune uye Uranus ndiyo chete mapuraneti munharaunda yezuva, umo nzvimbo dzepakati dzisina nzvimbo yakajeka uye dzakaparadzana zvachose munzvimbo. Kuti kusimbise pfungwa inonakidza, inoramba ichingofananidzwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana pasi pano. Zvisinei, chisarudzo chakadai panguva ino chinoramba chichidhura zvikuru uye chinopedza nguva. Nokudaro, hazvisati zvigone kutsvaga kuti pane here chaizvoizvo mazamu edayimani mufananidzo wakaumbwa pamapuraneti ari pedyo.