Chii chiri kufamba? Musical genre, mienzaniso yemabasa

March inonyanyobatanidzwa nehurongwa hwakarongeka hwemauto. Kazhinji kazhinji, kufamba kwakadaro kunoenda kumimhanzi. Izvi zvinobatsira kubvumirana nekufamba kwemauto. Nokudaro, kufamba ikoko kunonziwo mararamiro anoenderana nemhando.

Mavambo emhando

Mhinduro kumubvunzo wekufamba kwei, inowanikwa munhoroondo yezvenguva iyo apo rudzi urwu rwakanga ruchiri kubuda. Mavara ekutanga emimhanzi yakadaro anogona kuwanikwa kunyange kare. MuGirisi yekare neHumambo hweRoma, kufamba kwemauto kwaikosha kuenda nemimhanzi. Izvi zvakabatsira kuchengetedza tsika dzevarwi. Ndicho chikonzero mafambiro aanoita kazhinji anofara uye ane simba, nokuti anofanira kuisa mazita-uye-mafurisa nemahofisi. Kubvira panguva yekare maitiro aya haana kuchinja.

Chii chiri kufamba? Ichowo hutano hwemimhanzi hunobvumira masoja kuti aende nesano pamwe chete. Yaiva mumamiriro aya ekuti mafambiro akatsiridzirwa kumavira ekuMiddle Ages muEurope. Izvo zvisati zvaitika, rwiyo rwakafanana rwakaitwa nerwiyo rwekufamba. Munguva dzemazuva ano, midziyo huru yemimhanzi inoshandiswa kuita maitiro yaiva madhiramu nemidziyo. Nekubatsira kwavo zvakanga zviri nyore kuwana rhythm inokosha. Chii chiri kufamba kumasoja? Iyo yakanyatsoshandiswa yakasiyana-siyana, yakakosha kuitira sangano rakanakisisa remauto emasoja. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva, yakave yakakurumbira muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Kuonekwa kwekufamba muRussia

Vanyori vezvidzidzo zvezana remakore rechi18 vakatanga kuisa mhando iyi yemimhanzi mune mamwe mabasa akaoma, somuenzaniso makonti, masites, uye symphonies. Izvi zvakabatsira kuzarura maruva kune vamwe vakawanda. Vanyori vakadaro-vainzi Ludwig van Beethoven, Gustav Mahler naFrederic Chopin.

Kutenda nekuzivikanwa muEurope, kufamba kwakapindawo muRussia. Izvo zvakaitika munguva yaPeter Mukuru.Tar akaedza kupedzisa hondo yenyika yose muWestern model. Nokudaro, kwete chete maitiro uye mirairo yakagamuchirwa, asiwo kufambiswa kwemimhanzi. Vatongi veElite St. Petersburg vakagamuchira pakarepo kufamba kwavo. Nokufamba kwenguva, tsika iyi yakapararira kune mamwe mauto ehondo. Izvo zvisati zvaitika, hapana munhu muRussia aiziva pamusoro pezvinobatsira izvo mimhanzi yehondo inounza nayo. Marsh yakava chizaruriro.

"Farewell of the Slav"

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, rimwe remakwikwi anozivikanwa eRussia rakaratidzwa: "Farira kuSlav". Muna 1912 basa iri rakanyorwa nehwamanda Vasily Agapkin. Kufuridzirwa kwaari kwaiva yehondo yekutanga yeBalkan.

"March weVaSlav" ane ruzivo rwunoratidzika rune ruzha, nokuti rwakave rwuri imwe yezviratidzo zvenyika yeRussia. Iye anozivikanwa kune dzimwe nyika. Basa racho rinowanzoshandiswa mumafirimu ekuMadokero senhengo yeuto reSoviet kana reRussia.

"March weVaSlav" ane zita rayo sechiratidzo chechiitiko ichocho chakaoma, chakagadzirirwa madzimai neamai vose vakatungamirira varume vavo mberi. Zvinonakidza kuti mhando yepakutanga yemabasa emimhanzi haana kuisa mutsara. Zvose zvinyorwa izvi zvakaonekwa gare gare, apo rwiyo rwacho rwakave rwakakurumbira zvikuru muuto reRussia.

Muna 1915 yekutanga marekete nekunyoresa kwekufamba yakasunungurwa. Yaiva panguva ino yaiva Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Mapoka, semhepo, aida "kumutsa mweya" mimhanzi, iyo iyo yaisazova inotyisa kuenda mberi. Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitwa nemusi uyu.

Rwiyo rwacho rwakanga rusingakanganwiki kunyange munguva yeSoviet, kunyange zvazvo yakanga isingazivikanwi sechiratidzo chema tsarist nevakawanda. Kusvikira ikozvino, kune mhirizhonga inofadza pamusoro pekuti "Kufambisa kweSlav" kwakaitwa pamusana wekuvhiringidzika musi waNovember 7, 1941, apo mauto akaendeswa kunodzivirira nzira dzemuguta kubva kumauto eNazi.

MuRussia yemazuva ano, pasi pekushanya uku, mazita ezvitima ari kuenda munzira, pamwe chete nevatsva vanobva munzvimbo dzavo dzekuzvarwa kuzoshanda muuto.

Mendelssohn's March

Muna 1842, munyori wekuGermany Felix Mendelssohn akanyora rwendo rwake rwakakurumbira, rwakazopedzisira rwuri chiratidzo chepasi rose chekuchata nemuchato. Pakutanga, maererano nechinangwa chemunyori, basa racho raive chikamu chekambani yakasangana ne "Night Midsummer Night Dream", iyo iyo yakanga iri iyo nyanzvi yemutambo weChirungu William Shakespeare. Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm akava munyori wakananga webasa iri rakawanda, achiraira kubva kumunyori chikamu chakazara.

Asi nekufamba kwenguva, kufamba kwaMendelssohn kwakagutsikana uye kwakaporesa hupenyu hwake. Iyi ndiyo muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti mararamiro akaparara sei kubva mumasvingo ayo ehondo. Kubvira kune avo vakagara mberi, basa raMendelssohn rakagamuchira chimiro chinozivikanwa uye rhythm, asi hapana kusimba mumimhanzi iyi kwakanga kwaenda.

"March weRadetsky"

Masoja ehondo mashoma anozivikanwawo munyika yose. Somuenzaniso, nguva yakadaro yakagadzirirwa basa raJohn Strauss, Sr., yakanyorwa muna 1848. "Rakek Radzek" wake wakava kutanga kune Field Marshal, uyo akaponesa madzimambo eAustria kubva kuHungarian national revolution. Yakanga isiri basa remimhanzi chete, asiwo maitiro akajeka ekuvimbika kwesimba ramambo. Panguva ino, munyori wenhepfenyuro anozivikanwa akawana kurwisana kwepfungwa nemwanakomana wake (zvakare munyori) uyo akatsigira vapanduki uye akatamba "Marseillaise" pamatambudziko.

The March Radetsky yakanga yakamirira kubudirira kusati kwamboitika. Pasina nguva yakava chinhu chinokosha chehondo yeAustria. Akange achiwanzourayiwa pamiganhu yeHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yokutanga kuti ataure tsika dzevanhu. Iyi inyanzvi uye mimhanzi yakasimba. Kuramba ichiri kunzwika nhasi kuVienna, iyo ichiri kuonekwa seyo nyika yepamusoro yezvidzidzo zvemhando dzepachikoro.

Mamiriro ezvinhu

Mukuwedzera kune zvayo zvinoshandiswa, chero mararamiro akasiyana uye anoonekwa zvinongororwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Icho chiyero chinoyera uye chimiro chakajeka. Vanyori vanyorera mafambiro vanoedza kudzivisa rusununguko uye kusagadzikana kwakanyanya, nokuti mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvakaoma kuti varwi vatevere rhythm. Kazhinji chimiro chebasa rose chinovakirwa pamubhedha, uye ndiyo inyanzvi yezviridzwa zvinenge zvichinyanya kutaurwa nevateereri.

Kuti unyatsorondedzera kuti kufamba chii, zvinokoshawo kuti titaure maverengi emhando dzayo. Aya mabasa akanyorwa zvakananga nezvemapuranga, kubvongodza matanho, pamwe chete nekamuri yekuvaka. Zvose zvine mazamu uye zvakanyorwa maererano nemamwe mapepa. Imwe nzira yakawanda yekufamba kuno kuchema. Inowanikwa pamariro uye kuvigwa zvakazara. Iye anozivikanwa nerwiyo rune shungu.