Electrical acne: a biological characteristic

Electric eel ihove iyo inoita kubudiswa kwemazuva ano 650 V. Izvozvo zvinogona kuuraya munhu ari pedyo. Zero rekuita zvepabonde rinosvika anenge mamita matatu pakureba, nehupamhi hwacho hunenge masendimita gumi. Nhengo nhatu dzemagetsi dzinotakura inenge 80% yemuviri weeel, makumi maviri anosara anopa dzimwe nhengo dzinoita mabasa anokosha (kubereka, kupemha, kudya, uye zvakadaro).

Sezvo mutemo, mvura iyo jero regetsi rinogaramo iri murombo mumhepo yakakosha, zvisinei, hazvina kumunetsa. Kwemakumi emakumi emakore ekushanduka-shanduka, akadzidza kufema O2. Gungwa reEel jaya rinogona kuona zvakanaka, zvisinei, mumakore ose aya, maziso ake anowedzera zvakanyanya. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti mhuka yaanogara, maziso haabatsiri zvakawanda. Acne inokonzera simba risina simba remagetsi (40-50 V), idzi dzakaderera-magetsi dzinobatsira kuti vawane mhuka dzavo.

Pakati pevamiririri vemhuka, hove chete inokwanisa kubudisa huwandu hwemagetsi inogona kuparara kana kuuraya munhu. Special electroorganism inoshandiswa sehove yekutungamira, kudzivirirwa, kushamba nekukurukurirana. Kubudiswa kwemagetsi kunogona kubudisa anenge mazana emarudzi ehove, zvisinei, mhando mbiri dzehove (eels nemirazi) dzinobhadhara mutero we simba rakadai zvokuti unogona kuuraya munhu. Magetsi anobuda mumuviri wemhuka dzose, kusanganisira vanhu. Simba remagetsi rinopfuurirwa pamwe nehutachiona kumaketani europi, saka zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoparadzirwa zvinomuka mumuviri. Muviri wemasikati nemirairo, simba rakawanda rakapiwa zvokuti vanogona kuishandisa sechimbo. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, masayendisiti akasimbisa kuti mafungiro emagetsi anokonzerwa ne electrochemical. Mune mamwe mazwi, kunyange mumakore iwayo epakutanga zvakaratidzwa kuti zviratidzo zvehutano - kufamba kweioni kuburikidza nehupamhi yeurourotete. Mumamiriro akadzikama kana kusakwanisa kuita, masero emakumbo ayo ane simba risingaiti (K-ions inowanikwa mukati), uye zvose zvisina kunaka uye ioni zvakanaka (ioni sodiyasi neyotassium) dzinowedzera kubva kunze. Pakati pekupinda kweyoniyumu ions muchitokisi, iyo inogona kuchinja kune yakanaka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana nekuda kwekushanda kwe "sodium pump" sero rinotora ioni sodium.

Nhove yeehove inoshanda zvakakwana zvakakwana kuti urarame muutapwa, inowanzogara kune yeimba yepamvura. Zvimwe zvinoratidzira zvinoratidza humwe unyanzvi hweeel eine rubatsiro rwebhuruu regesi, iyo micheka inoderedzwa mu aquarium. Kuziva zvinogona kuwanikwa (zviduku zviduku, zvidimbu zvezvokudya), eel motokari inotanga kuunza magetsi kubva mumvura. Kuti uzonzwa runyararo runoitika runokonzerwa nemagetsi, zvinonzwika zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa pa aquarium. Kubata mhuka dzakadaro ibhizimisi rine ngozi.

Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana mano eesayenzi masayendisiti ave achidzidza kwemakore anopfuura zana. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, acne yakashandiswa mukuedza kuongorora kuitika kwemagetsi emagetsi kunodzivirira kutapurirwa kwemafungiro uye, naizvozvo, inogona kukanganisa basa rinoitwa nhengo dzinokosha (mwoyo, mapapu, chirwere chekudya). Mavhunduka-anopera simba anovhiringidza chena yeacetylcholine (murevereri) mushure mekuvhara "sodium pump" yeyenyeuroni. Sezvo mutemo, acetylcholine mumuviri pakarepo unoparadzaniswa mushure mekuzadzika kwaro basa guru. Iyo inonzi hydrolytic inotungamirirwa ne enzyme (cholinesterase). Kungofanana nemhepo yemagetsi inodzivirira basa re enzyme iyi.

Electroorganisms of the eel inoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvechilineterase. Nyanzvi dzemasoja dzakashandisa magetsi emagetsi semudziro weiyo enzyme, iyo yaive yakakosha yekudzidza nzira yekuita kwemagetsi emagetsi pamuviri womunhu.