Chumba Gomba imhuka yekare

Zviuru zvemakore apfuura, nyika yakagadziriswa nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvakazofa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. Iye zvino mhuka idzi dzinowanzodanwa fossils. Mafuro avo muhupenyu hwekuchengetedzwa kwemapfupa emasaga nemakumbo anowanikwa munguva yekuchera matongo. Zvadaro masayendisiti anoramba achiunganidza mapfupa ose pamwechete uye anoedza kudzorera kuonekwa kwemhuka nenzira iyi. Mune izvi vanobatsirwa nemifananidzo yakavezwa nematombo, uye kunyange zvifananidzo zvekare zvisiyiwa nevanhu vekare vaigara panguva imwe chete. Nhasi, masayendisiti masayendisiti akauya kune rubatsiro rwemasayendisiti, achibvumira kudzokorora chifananidzo chemhuka yezvisikwa. Chumba Shumba - imwe yemhando dzezvisikwa zvekare, zvinotyisa nevamwe vaduku. Kunyange vanhu vepakutanga vakaedza kudzivisa nzvimbo yekugara kwake.

Zvisikwa zvinokonzera mhuka cave shumba

Yakanga iri nenzira iyi iyo yakawanda yekare yezvisikwa zvakasvibiswa yakawanikwa uye yakatsanangurwa, iyo masayendisiti akanzi gomba reshumba. Masara emapfupa emhuka iyi akawanikwa muAsia, Europe uye North America. Izvi zvinotibvumira kuti tifunge kuti mubako rehumba raigara munharaunda huru, kubva kuAlaska kusvika kuBritish Isles. Zita rakagamuchira iyi mhuka rakaruramiswa, nokuti raive mumapako ayo akawanda ayo akasara akawanikwa akawanikwa. Asi mhuka dzakakuvadzwa uye dzakafa dzakaenda kumapako. Vakasarudza kurarama nekuvhima munzvimbo dzakasununguka.

Nhoroondo yekuwanikwa

Nhoroondo yekutanga yehavha shumba yakagadzirwa necheroologist weRussia uye puloontologist Nikolai Kuzmich Vereshchagin. Mubhuku rake, akataura zvakadzama pamusoro pemadzitateguru aya emhuka iyi, geography yekuparidzirwa kwayo, nzvimbo, zvigaro zvekudya, kubereka uye zvimwe zvimwe zvinhu. Bhuku iri, rine musoro unoti "Cave Lion uye nhoroondo yaro muHolarctic uye mukati meU.SR," yakanyorwa pamakore akawanda ekutsvakurudza kwakaoma uye ichiri basa rakanakisisa rezesayenzi pakuongorora mhuka iyi. Masayendisiti anodana halo-Arctic yakawanda yekumusoro kwehemisphere.

Tsanangudzo yemhuka

Hako shumba yakanga iri mhuka yakakura kwazvo, inorema kusvika ku-350 kilograms, kureba pamakona makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana masendimita makumi mashanu uye mamita ekureba kusvika mamita maviri, pasina misi. Makumbo ane simba akanga akareba, akaita kuti mhuka dzedenga dzive dzakareba. Mvere dzake dzaive dzakanaka uye dzakapfupika, ruvara - yunifomu, monochrome, sandy-gray gira rakamubatsira kuti azvivanze panguva yekuvhima. Munguva yechando, jasi rakaputika raive rakaoma uye rakachengetedzwa kubva kunotonhora. Kwakanga kusina manes pedyo nemashumba emhashu, sezvinoratidzwa nemifananidzo yakavezwa nedombo revanhu vepakutanga. Asi bhiriki pamuswe uripo mumifananidzo yakawanda. Mhuka yekare yakaisa kutya uye kutya kune madzitateguru edu kure.

Musoro webako rehwiro rakanga rakakura, rine masaya ane simba. Iyo mazino ezvokudya zvemafuro kunze kwepanyika anotarisa zvakafanana neaya ezveshumba zvemazuva ano, asi mazino achiri mashoma. Nzira mbiri dzepamusoro pajaya nechokuita kwavo: kureba kwegaini imwe yemhuka yaiva 11-11.5 masentimita. Chimiro chemasana uye mazino anoratidza zvakajeka kuti mubako shumba raiva mhuka uye inogona kurarama nemhuka huru kwazvo.

Habitat nekuvhima

Mifananidzo yakavezwa pamatombo, inowanzofananidzirwa kuti boka remhashu rinodzinga sei munhu anorasika. Izvi zvinoratidzira kuti zvikara zvakararama mukudada uye zvaiitwa pamwe chete kusaka. Kuongororwa kwemasara emapfupa emhuka akawanikwa mubako rehumba inoratidzira kuti vakarwa nenyuchi, mhashu, bison, mazendo, maks, musk oxen nemamwe mhuka dzakatarisana munzvimbo ino. Mhuka dzavo dzinogona kuva mammoth, vaduku, makamera, rhinoceroses, mavubu uye mapako. Usabvisa mukana wekuti masayendisiti anorwisana nevadzvinyiriri uye varume vakura, asi chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka kune izvi. Kunyanya kune vanhu vepakutanga kubako shumba haina kuvhima. Munhu angave akabatwa nemhondi apo chikara chakashanyira pokugara kwaigara vanhu. Kazhinji chete zvirwere zvinorwara kana zvekare zvakatorwa kumapako. Ari oga, munhu aisagona kubata nemhondi, asi kudzivirira pamwe chete nemoto kunogona kuponesa vanhu kana zvimwe chikamu chavo. Izvozvi shumba zvinopera dzakanga dzakasimba, asi izvi hazvina kuvadzivirira kubva pakufa kufa.

Zvimwe zvinokonzera kuparara

Misa rufu nekuparara kwemapako evhu rakaitika pakuguma kwemakore, izvo masayendisiti anodana Pleistocene yakaderera. Iyi nguva yakaguma anenge makore gumi nezviuru akapfuura. Kunyangwe kusati kwaguma kwePleistocene, mammoths nemamwe mhuka, ikozvino dzinonzi fossils, dzakapera zvachose kunze. Zvinokonzera kupera kwemapako shumba ndezvi:

• Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze;
• Kuchinja kwenyika;
• Chiitiko chevanhu vepakutanga.

Mamiriro ekunze uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu akavhiringidza hugaro hwemhashu pachavo uye mhuka dzavanodya. Zvokudya zvezviyo zvakabvaruka , izvo zvakatungamirira pakuparara kwemazimbe, avo vakarasikirwa kudya kwakakodzera, uye zvikara zvakatangawo kufa shure kwavo.

Munhu sechikonzero chekufa kwezviuru zvezvipfuwo zvemafuro kwenguva yakareba hazvina kufungidzirwa zvachose. Asi masayendisiti akawanda anotarisa kuti vanhu vepakutanga vave vachigadzirisa nekuvandudza. Pakanga pane marudzi matsva ezvombo, kusvuta, nzira dzokuvhima dzakanga dzichivandudzika. Murume wacho pachake akatanga kudya mishonga uye akadzidza kurwisa zvikara. Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira pakuparadzwa kwemhuka dzakasvibirira, kusanganisira mubako shumba. Iyezvino iwe unoziva kuti zvipi zvipenyu zvakafa kunze kwekuti hupenyu hwevanhu hunotanga.

Tichipa simba rekuparadza kwevanhu mumasikirwo ezvisikwa, shanduro pamusoro pekubatanidzwa kwevanhu vepakutanga mukuparara kwemashumba emapako, nhasi haisi kuratidzika kufadza.