Kuparara kwemiti: chimiro uye basa

Nhengo dzezvirimwa zvinomera, iyo yakasikwa yakawanda yakave yakagadzira vamiririri venyika ino yehupenyu hwemhuka, vane sarudzo dzakasiyana zvakasiyana siyana. Chikamu chepasi pevhu chirimwa chinonzi mizi, chikamu chiri pamusoro-pasi ndiko kupukunyuka. Ndiyo kupukunyuka kwezvirimwa zvinotakura basa rinokosha zvikuru: kugoverana kwegesi, photosynthesis, kufemwa, kubereka mbeu uye kugadziriswa kwayo nekuremekedza zuva.

Kutanga kwepfuti

Mune nzira yekushanduka-shanduka, chigadziko ichi chinowanikwa mumashure ekutanga kusvika kunyika yakaoma - rhinophytes. Matanda ake akanga asina kukanganisa uye akaputika, sezvo michina ye mechanical yakanga isati yanyatsobudirira. Asi kunyange nechokugadzirwa kwepakutanga, photosynthetic pamusoro yakawedzerwa, zvinoreva kuti mhuka yemichero yakanga iri nani yakagadzirwa nemakhahydrates.

Chii chinopukunyuka kubva kumiti

Pukunyuka chikamu chepasi pose chemiti yacho, yakagadzirwa nedutu uye mashizha. Zvose izvi nhengo zvinomera, kugovera kukura, kudya kunovaka muviri uye kuberekwa kwekuberekwa.

Pukunyuka mbeu yacho inewo rudimentary nhengo - itsvo. Kune marudzi maviri eitsvo: vegetative uye chibereko. Mhando yekutanga inosanganisira ruvara rwemashizha uye mashizha, pamusoro paro mune zvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa (meristem), zvinomiririrwa nekoni yekukura. Kana kuwedzera kune stem uye kusiya iroyi iine rudiments yemaruva kana inflorescences, inonzi inobereka. Mukuonekwa, izvi zvinosvibiswa zvinoratidzirwa nehukuru hwavo hukuru uye zvakagadzirwa.

Nzvimbo iyo mashizha ari pachigadziko akabatanidzwa inonzi ruzha, uye kureba pakati peiodhi chinhu chisinganzwisisiki. Nzira iri pakati pegwenzi uye mashizha inonzi sinus.

Muchigadzirwa chekusimudzira, nhengo dzinotarisira kubereka (zvepabonde) kubereka kunoonekwa pahuta: maruva, chibereko nembeu.

Kubudirira kwekupukunyuka kubva kuinso

Nekutanga kwemamiriro anofadza mukati megore, masero e-meristem emukoko wekukura anotanga kuparadzanisa. Vakapfupika internodes vanokura muhukuru, zvichiita kuti pfuti duku yezvirimwa. Pamusoro pechidimbu che stem ndiwo apical buds. Zvinopa kukura kwemuti murefu. Iwa axillary uye mabhizinesi anowanikwa mune zveshizha iri mune leaf leaf axillary kana internodes, pamwe chete. Nokuda kwavo mapepa emhando inonzi lateral shoots, kureva, matavi.

Nzira dzebhanki yemiti

Zvichienderana nechitarisiko, pane nzira dzakawanda dzebazi dzinodhonza:

1. Dichotomous . Iyo ndiyo yakawanda kwazvo yebhandi, umo mairi maviri anowedzera kubva pane imwe kukura, kumwe kubva kune imwe neimwe, etc. Saka kukura zvimwe zvipembenene uye zvakasimwa michero yemiti: mapani nemafern.
2. Primopodial . Iyi branching inogona kuonekwa zvose mu gymnosperms (pine, spruce), uye angiosperms (muoki, maple). Kwemazuva mazhinji, tsvina yemiti iyi yakakura pakureba uye inotevera inotevera branching.
3. Simpodial. Nenzira iyi, kukura kwepical, pane zvinopesana, kunomiswa. Uye lateral buds inokura zvakasimba, ichiumba uye inowedzera lateral shoots. Peari, cherry nemimwe michero yemichero inowanzo muenzaniso wekukura uku.

Kugadziriswa kwemafuro

Chii chinopukunyuka kubva kumiti uye kuti chinoratidzika sei, chokwadi, munhu wose anoziva. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza anowanzoda kuonekwa kwemamwe mabasa. Izvi zviri nyore kugoverwa nhengo dzezvirimwa zvinomera. Kupukunyuka kunoshandurwa, kuwana zvitsva zvechimiro, asi zvinoumbwa nezvikamu zvekunyatsopukunyuka.

Iko kushandiswa kukuru kwekupukunyuka kunosanganisira:

• Rhizome - iri pasi pevhu, iyo inonyanya kukura yakananga. Yakaparadzanisa zvipembenene uye itsvo, kubva mairi mashizha anooneka pamusoro penyika munguva yakanaka. Nokudaro, zvakaoma kwazvo kubvisa mbeu dzinenge dzine rhizomes (lily yemupata, wheatgrass, valerian). Mushure mokubvarura mashizha, pfuti yacho pachayo inoramba iri muvhu, ichikura yakakura uye yakakura.

• Tuber - thickened internodes, neitsvo - meso. Mumiririri akajeka wemiti inogadzira tubers ndiyo mbatata. Nokuti inokura munyika, inowanzovhiringidzika nemudziro wakashandurwa. Zvisinei, pane panegroundground tubers, somuenzaniso, mu kohlrabi.
• Bhobhi - tsvina yakashandurwa yemiti nemashizha akachengetedzwa zvakanaka, ari pane imwe nzvimbo yakadzika-pasi. Unhu hwegariki, onion, tulip, lily. Imukati mashizha mashizha anounganidza mishonga, uye mashizha anobva kunze anodzivirira kubva pakuparara.
• Mipata inodzivirira ye pears, sea buckthorn, hawthorn nemimwe michero. Kuva mumashizha emadhora, vanochengetedza zvakasimba muti wacho kubva kumhuka dzinoda kuzvidya.
• Antenna - yakashandurwa tsvina yakashata, kugadzirisa mbeu pane imwe nzvimbo. Makatekesi, mazambiringa, mashupu ndiyo inowanzoshandiswa nekushandisa iyo chigadzirwa.

• Musacheche - tsvina yakasvibiswa nevanowedzera maitiro. Strawberries uye strawberries zvirimwa zvinowedzera nekubatsirwa nemamamachete.

Sezvaunogona kuona, kupukunyuka kwezvirimwa kunosanganisira zvikamu zvinoshanda zvakabatana, zvinogona kuchinjwa zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvemamiriro ehupenyu uye kupa chimiro chimwe nechimwe chitarisiko chaicho.