Stomata mune miti: zvitupa, nzvimbo, shanda. Meaning of stomata mune miti kufema

The stomata of chirimwa - a pore, anowanikwa Epiderme e akaturikidzana. Ivo anoshandiswa sasana zvakawandisa mvura uye gasi kupanana ruva pamwe zvakatipoteredza.

Kokutanga vakava kuzivikanwa muna 1675, apo zvakasikwa Marcello Malpighi yakabudiswa Kuwanika yake Anatome plantarum. Zvisinei, akanga asina kukwanisa kugadzirisa chinangwa chavo chaiyo, iyo yaiva riwedzere kuti pave hypotheses yemberi tsvakurudzo.

History of kudzidza

Baton Next akatora wepanguva Marcello - Neemiya Gryu. Iye akataura kuti kukosha stomata ari Nokufema miti zvakafanana basa trachea zviri tumbuyu, uye mune dzimwe nzira kufembera kwake kwakanga pedyo chokwadi.

Muzana XIX remakore, akanga akamirirwa kwenguva refu mberi tsvakurudzo. Nemhaka Hugo Von Nyengetera uye Simon Schwendener pakuzivikanwa chikuru stomata vavo kupatsanura kubudikidza mhando chivakwa.

Zvavakawana izvi zvakapa simba zvakasimbisa kunzwisisa refu oparesheni, asi zvimwe zvidzidzo kare kuramba kudzidzwa kusvikira zvino.

maumbirwo shisha

zvikamu izvi chirimwa, sezvo Epiderme e stomata, anoreva womukati urongwa jira, asi tinofanira kutanga kuongorora maumbirwo wayo zvekunze. Saka, zviri zvinosanganisira:

• Shizha ndiro - a sandara, anonzwisisa chikamu, kukonzera photosynthesis, gasi Exchange, kwemvura nemvura uye vegetative kupararira (nokuti mamwe marudzi).
• Nezvigadziko inova rejira rokudzidzisa, iyo inoshanda kuwedzera mundiro uye hunde. Uyewo nawo jira wanamatira kuti hunde.
• Stipule - peya paumbwe nechigadziko, chinodzivirira axillary wotungira.
• Petiole - bepa tapered mugove unobva ndiro chete hunde. Ndiye anokonzera anokosha: zvevhiki kuti chiedza uye kukura kuburikidza rejira edzidzo.

Pano sechivako jira dzingasiyana zvishoma zvichienderana chimiro uye mhando (nyore / kunzwisisa) asi zvose kumativi dziri pamusoro nguva dzose aripo.

For munyika mano zvinosanganisira Epiderme e stomata, uye zvakasiyana-siyana nokuumba machira uye mutsinga. Mumwe nomumwe okunze ane yayo marongerwo.

Somuenzaniso, nechifukidzo chaionekwa rokunze divi ndiro rinoumbwa masero mapenyu, zvakasiyana pakukura uye chimiro. The kupfuura kweizwi vane pachena kuti anobvumira chezuva dawo kupinda jira.

Maduku masero iri zvishoma zvakadzika zvine chloroplasts, iyo kupa mashizha manyoro. Nokuda ehupfumi avo, vakanga vakadamwa achitevera. Zvichienderana mwero hydration vari ipapo compressed, pakati pachavo Vanoumba stomatal mutswe.

mamiriro

Kureba stomata hwomuti dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana mhando uye rwakadini nhau izvozvo anogamuchira. Most pores hombe inogona kusvika pakukura 1 cm. Vanoumba stoma murindi masero kuti waidzora nenhanho hwomukova kwayo.

The mashandiro kufamba kwavo nani kunzwisisa uye chakasiyana akasiyana mhuka. Vazhinji vavo - zvichienderana mvura pamwero uye chloroplasts - zvinyama turgor masero anogona zvose kuderera uye kuwedzera, nokudaro nokugadzirisa pakuvhurwa stomata.

Purpose stomatal mutswe

Zvichida, hapana chikonzero kugara ichi chinoumba, sezvo namashizha ishande. Anoziva nezvazvo kunyange mwana wechikoro. Asi kuti kundochingamidza stomata? basa ravo - kuitira transpiration (muitiro mvura kufamba kuburikidza chirimwa chacho kwemvura kuburikidza kwokunze zvomukati zvakadai mashizha, madzinde maruva), izvo kubudirira nokuda basa masero murindi. mashandiro ichi anodzivirira chirimwa pamusoro nokuomesa kwazvo ekunze uye chinonditadzisa putrefaction kwacho kutanga pasi ezvinhu wokunzwa mwando. oparesheni Its rakanaka apo uwandu emura ari mumasero asina mukuru kumanikidzwa zvakakwana parusvingo anowira, uye stomatal mutswe avhara apo decorations kunodiwa kuti tirambe mwando kugutsikana.

Mukupesana, ayo overabundance inoenda yakawedzera kuomesa uye kuzarurwa pores, panopinda zvakawandisa mwando runopwa. Nokuda kwaizvozvo, basa stomata mu kutonhora miti kuri kumusoro, sezvo mhepo tembiricha ipfupi kumativi kuburikidza transpiration.

Well pazasi pakakoromoka chiri mhepo mhango, iyo inoshanda kuti gasi exchange. Air anopinda chirimwa kubudikidza pores, kuti kupfuurira kutanga chirongwa photosynthesis uye afemeruke. Zvakawandisa okisijeni iri ipapo pauri mumhepo kuburikidza zvose zvakafanana stomatal mutswe. Muchiitiko chino, kuvapo kwayo kana kusavapo inowanzoshandiswa nokuda kupatsanura zvinomera.

bepa basa

Jira ndiwo muviri rokunze, kuburikidza icho anofambisa photosynthesis, afemeruke, transpiration, Guttation uye vegetative kupararira. Uyezve, anokwanisa kuunganidza unyoro uye makemikari nyaya kuburikidza stomata, asi kupa mukana wokushandiswa chikuru kuti chirimwa dzakaoma runyararo.

Sezvo mvura - huru intracellular kwezvakatipoteredza, excretion uye kuparadzirwa mvura mukati muti kana ruva iri zvakafanana kukosha kwayo basa. Panyaya iyi chirimwa absorbs 0.2 chete% kuti mwando achipfuura therethrough, dzasara inoenda transpiration uye Guttation, kunoitika nokuda kufamba ichiputswa chicherwa munyu uye kutonhora.

Vegetative kubereka rinowanzoberekera zvamakaparadza uye rooting kunosiya maruva. indoor zvirimwa vazhinji akura nenzira yakafanana sezvo nzira bedzi kuchengetedza kuchena mhando.

Sezvambotaurwa, pane dzakachinjwa mashizha kubatsira ajairane ezvinhu dzezvakatipoteredza zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, kushandurwa muna spines zvinomera zvomusango kunobatsira kuderedza mwando kwemvura, tunonzwa kuatsanangura chokumisa basa, uye makuru kukura anowanzoshandiswa kuti vachengetedzwe zvinwiwa uye zvinovaka muviri apo okunze hatibvumiri mumatanda zvokudya nguva dzose.

Uye mazita ari kusingaperi. Kana zvakaoma kuti varege kuona inoshanda izvi zvakafanana nokuti mashizha maruva nemiti.

Pane mimwe miti havana stomata?

Sezvo stomatal kucheka hunhu dzakakwirira zvinomera, richiwanikwa zvipenyu zvose, uye isiri vanotenda chinoshayikwa, kunyange kana pasina muti kana ruva mashizha. The chete Kusara nomurau kelp nezvimwe algae.

The nemamiriro stomata uye basa ravo Conifers, ferns, horsetails, floaters uye mossy miti neemazuva maruva. Vazhinji vavo kucheka yakazaruka zuva uye vachishingaira kubatanidzwa gasi Exchange uye transpiration; anosiyiwa muri cacti uye Succulents, ane pores vari azarurirwa usiku uye pedyo pakatanga mangwanani kuti aponese mvura dzisinganayi munharaunda.

The stomata of chirimwa, ane mashizha kuyangarara pamusoro pemvura pamusoro, dziri chete chapamusoro pamusoro Epiderme e, uye "ndakagara" mashizha - nechepasi. Vamwe akasiyana cheap car insurance izvi varipo ari mativi ose ndiro.

Location stomata

In dicotyledonous miriwo stomatal slits iri kumativi maviri jira ndiro, asi nokuwanda nechepasi pane zvishoma yakakura kupfuura pamusoro. Musiyano uyu imhaka kudiwa kuderedza mwando kwemvura kubva zvakanaka nokuvhenekerwa pechiso jira.

Nokuti monocots hakuna chaizvo pamusoro nzvimbo stomata, sezvo zvinoenderana kutungamirirwa kukura kwamahwendefa. Somuenzaniso, Mashizha nomuti Epiderme e, nezvatinovavarira vertically, rine imwe nhamba pores iri repamusoro uye rezasi rukoko.

Sezvambotaurwa, mashizha akayangarara pamusoro underside ari stomatal kucheka ndisipo, nokuti tibatsirwe mvura kubudikidza cuticle, uyewo zvakakwana hwemvura zvirimwa kuti izvozvo kure kare.

Stomata pamusoro Conifers dziri yakadzika pasi endoderm, nokudaro achidzikisa kugona kwavo transpiration.

Uyewo, sezvo nzvimbo yakasiyana pamusoro pechiso Epiderme e. The cheap car insurance anogona dzichienderana nevamwe "ganda" masero kuenda kumusoro kana pasi, kuti aumbe dzose mitsara kana randomly vakapararira pamusoro unhani tishu.

Cacti, sukullentov uye nezvimwe zvirimwa vane mashizha hatisi kana dzakachinjwa uye kuva tsono, kuti stomata dziri pamusoro madzinde uye nenhengo dzine nyama.

mhando

The stomata hwomuti akakamurwa mhando dzakawanda zvichienderana nzvimbo zvakatevera masero:

• Anomotsitny - anoonekwa ndicho, apo kurutivi PARTICIPLE haana kumbosiyana kubva vamwe vari Epiderme e. Somumwe ake nyore okunatsiridza anogona kunzi laterotsitny mhando.
• Paracytic - kunoratidzwa yakafanana yakanga yakabatana padivi masero hama stomatal mutswe.
• Diatsitny - ane mbiri chete divi-inoramba.
• Anizotsitny - kutaipa yokusafa chete maruva zvinomera, pamwe kuenda masero matatu, rimwe riri yakasiyana chaizvo kukura.
• Tetratsitny - ndizvo kuti monocots, ane nechati masero mana.
• Entsiklotsitny - ipapo divi PARTICIPLE dzakavharika zvakapoteredza nokukiya mhete.
• Peritsitny - runowanzoitika ari stoma, kwete chokuita chinhu sero munyaya kwaari.
• Desmotsitny - rinosiyana aimbova mhando chete pamberi coupling cheap car insurance pamwe kwemasanga PARTICIPLE.

Heano zvikuru nevanhu marudzi chete.

Mugumisiro Environmental Zvinhu pamusoro kwokunze nemamiriro jira

Nokuti nokupukunyuka miti inokosha chaizvo ukuru kuchinjika kwayo. Somuenzaniso, nokuti nzvimbo akanyorova dzinoratidzwa guru mashizha matete uye vakawanda stomata, apo mune dzisinganayi nharaunda, mashandiro ichi anoita zvakasiyana. No maruva kana miti havana kusiyana kukura, uye nhamba rashayiswa zvinokosha, kudzivisa kunyanya kwemvura.

Saka, tinogona kuona kuti zvikamu zvinomera pasi pokudzora kwezvakatipoteredza nokuchinja unpredictably pamusoro nguva zvarinoita uwandu stomata.