The chakuvhe penicillium: mamiriro ehupfumi, mafomu

Mould chakuvhe penicillium - chirimwa ichi zvachakapararira zvakasikwa. Nderake kukirasi kukwana. Panguva iyoyo, pane zvinopfuura 250 akasiyana nayo. Golden pinitsill, zvakasiyana clustering mutema muforoma, ndicho chatinonyanya kukosha. Izvi mhando rakashandiswa kugadzirwa munhu medicament. "Penicillin" pahwaro ari chakuvhe achibvumira kukurira yakawanda mabhakitiriya.

dzinogarisana

Penicillium - zvipuka zvine masero akawanda chakuvhe, nokuti icho ivhu ndiro dzinongoitika dzinogarisana. Kakawanda, chirimwa ichi kunogona kuonekwa muchimiro rebhuruu kana zvakasvibirira muforoma buildup. Inokura kuti dzakasiyana-siyana substrates. Zvisinei, kazhinji richiwanika pamusoro pemvura muriwo wemisanganiswa.

The nemamiriro chakuvhe

Kana nemamiriro, asi chakuvhe penicillium chaizvo akafanana Aspergillus, iyo ndezvaiye mhuri zvavhuvha howa. The vegetative mycelium kuti chirimwa ichi zvakajeka uye branching. Inoitwa kazhinji vakawanda masero. From Mucor chakuvhe penicillium yakasiyana mycelium. Iye zvipuka zvine masero akawanda. Kana mycelial Mucor, iye celled.

Zvakabatanidzwa kana Penicillium dzinongoda pamusoro substrate pamusoro, kana pinda nayo. Kubva chikamu ichi chakuvhe kubva twasu uye tote conidiophores. Similar idzodzo, kazhinji zviri rokumusoro chikamu uye dzinoumba mapazi brushes iyo vane akapendwa celled pores. It conidia. Brushes zvinomera, akavapindurawo, rinogona pakubhadhara akawanda:

• kudzikama;
• -Tiered matatu;
• mubhedha;
• chete-siteji.

A vamwe Penicillium siyana conidia matanda, makatumidzwa coremium mhando. Kubereka of chakuvhe nokuzadzikiswa Mashoko spores.

Nei chisvetasimba ichi

Parasitic notumwe (Penicillium uye Mucor) vanotsamwisa spoilage, uyewo vachishingaira mubasa pakuwedzera machira ne mhuka uye muriwo mavambo. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza vakawanda makemikari. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Foroma unhani pamusoro miriwo substrate ingangoumbwa panguva imwe chete nokuda akawanda mhando notumwe. In kwakadai simba chirimwa riri kuitwa kubvisa vakagadzirira Organic zvinoriumba. Zvinonzi nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kunoonekwa sechinhu chisvetasimba penicillium.

Rikashandiswa kana kukuvadza vanhu

Vakawanda funga kuti Penicillium notumwe - utachiona. Zvisinei, hazvina kudaro. Dzimwe zvinomera pathogenic ehupfumi noruremekedzo kuti zvinenge mhuka uye vanhu. Most kukuvara rinoshandisirwa muzviitiko apo chakuvhuvhu chakuvhe kunokanganisa zvokurima uye zvokudya zvinogadzirwa, ndichibvunza maberekero mukati kwavari. Kana kwete zvakanaka zvakachengetwa penicillium kunokanganisa chikafu. Kana zvokudya mhuka, hazvina warambidzwa rufu rwavo. Pashure pezvose, mu poop kwakadaro rinoungana vazhinji zvine chepfu kuti vane inokanganisa utano.

Kushandiswa iri mishonga indasitiri

Zvinogona kubatsira chakuvhe penicillium? Utachiona kuti anokonzera zvimwe zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi, kwete nemishonga inouraya mabhakitiriya, yakaitwa kubva Foroma. Dzimwe zvinomera idzi zvinowanzoshandiswa zvokudya uye mishonga indasitiri nokuda kugona kwavo kuti kubudisa makemikari. Drug "kuti penicillin", iro iri kunetseka mhando dzakawanda mabhakitiriya, vakawana kubva Penicillium notatum uye Penicillium chrysogenum.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kugadzirwa zvinodhaka kunoitika mumatanho dzakawanda. Kutanga chakuvhe kukura. Nokuti ichi chinangwa zviyo mawere rinodhaka. Izvi zvinhu zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuwana zvakanakisisa kugadzirwa penicillin. Zvadaro, mukuru chakuvhe rapera nokuda kunyudza mu rinokosha mutsika fermenter. A Vhoriyamu zviuru zvakawanda marita. Ikoko, zvinomera zviri kushingaira vachiwanda.

Pashure achibvisa mvura svikiro kubva chakuvhe Penicillium kaviri okuwedzera kugadzira. Panguva iyi munyu mhinduro anoshandiswa uye zvinoita zvokufembedzwa kugadzirwa. zvinhu zvakadai kubvumira kuwana okupedzisira zvigadzirwa: potassium uye yavaibvisa munyu penicillin.

MAUMBIRWO uye chikafu indasitiri

Nemhaka zvimwe zvivako zviri chakuvhe penicillium iri zvinowanzoshandiswa zvokudya indasitiri. Vamwe akasiyana chirimwa ichi zvinoshandiswa chizi. Kazhinji, ndizvo Penicillium Roquefort uye Penicillium camemberti. kwemarudzi aya anoumba wakashandiswa zvaAtemisi chizi akadai "Stiltosh", "Gorntsgola", "Roquefort" uye zvichingodaro. Izvi "dzemabhura" zvigadzirwa vane unzenza yakarongeka. Nokuti chizi marudzi ichi kunoratidzwa yakananga hunonhuhwira uye chitarisiko.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti tsika Penicillium rinoshandiswa pane imwe kugadzirwa mishonga yakadaro. Somuenzaniso, nokuti chizi "Roquefort" aishanda tisawirirane chakuvhuvhu Penicillium Roquefort. Izvi mhando chakuvhe anogona kuwanda kunyange zvakasiyana-siyana nekuumbanidzwa Curd guru. Izvi Foroma zvakanaka akashivirira pasi kuwanda okisijeni. Mukuwedzera, chakuvhe ndiyo nemishonga rakawedzera zviri munyu iri acidic svikiro.

Penicillium anokwanisa govera lipolytic uye proteolytic makemikari kuti chokuita mukaka mafuta uye mapuroteni. Pasi pokudzora izvi zvinhu chizi anova friable, oiliness, uye yakananga hunonhuhwira uye kuravira.

Pamugumo

Penicillium chakuvhe ehupfumi vasina Akaongorora zvizere. Masayendisiti Zvinogara zvichiitisa tsvakurudzo itsva. Izvi zvinobvumira iwe kuwana ehupfumi itsva chacho. basa kwakadaro kunoita kudzidza zvibereko muviri. Mune ramangwana, zvichaita kushandisa chakuvhe penicillium uchidzidzira.