Sechivako jira, wokunze uye yomukati

Shizha - lateral vegetative muchadya simba. It inoita basa rinokosha muupenyu yose chirimwa, shizha mamiriro hwakarongwa zvokuti anokwanisa kuchinja zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu kuti chiitwa chacho mashandiro - photosynthesis, kwemvura uye gasi Exchange, Guttation. The jira inogona dzakachinjwa uye kuva tsono (sezvo Conifers) kana munzwa (cacti uye barberry, etc.). kuchinja kwakadaro kubva kurutivi muchadya zviremera kubatsira miti kurarama munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana okunze dzinodengenyeka.

The kwokunze nemamiriro jira kunobva yemiti. Saka, kusiyanisa nyore uye kunzwisisa, stalked, sessile mashizha uye rakamonera. Anenge zvose divi muchadya zviremera kuwedzera mugove - mashizha chipande, izvo zvinogona yakasimba, ine akachekwa, reza kana kuparadzana. The petiole, izvo vanonzwisisa huru muviri wanamatira kuti hunde, uye anogona kusava zvachose, ipapo uti kuti ndandanda "ndakagara" kana beschereshkovy. Kana lamina iri rinokomberedza zvachose sezvinoita gunde, izvozvo entwine divi muchadya simba. In angiosperms vane mashizha petioles uye vane stipules zvinodzivirira vechiduku mashizha uye axillary wotungira.

The morphological nemamiriro jira inoratidzawo kuvapo nyore uye kunzwisisa maumbirwo. Simply kunzi huru mutumbi vanonzwisisa zvinomera, kana ine dzinde rimwe shizha chipande, iyo kuwa zvachose (Maple, Lilac, the willow). Remubatanidzwa mashizha vane petiole 1 uye wandei rinopeperetswa mashizha anogona idonhe nomumwe (walnuts, Chestnut, dota).

The womukati nemamiriro jira iri zvakakura zvirimwa zvose. Steel ndiro pamusoro uye pasi akafukidzwa marongera pakati Epiderme e, iyo anoumba ganda. Vamwe Flora pamusoro yokumusoro ganda vhudzi kunogona, film-cuticle kana waxy unhani. Ava vose vakachengeteka namano kuti kudzivirira overheating, kutsva, kunyanya mvura kwemvura. The pabutiro jira iri miti yakawanda, pamwe nechepasi divi jira rava slotted mawindo - stomata, vane masero maviri varindi. Pashure stomatal midziyo kuedzwe magasi uye mvura mhute, sezvo ari lateral kupukunyuka muviri pacharo uye kunze.

The cellular nemamiriro jira kunoratidza kuvapo pakati jira - the mesophyll, iyo rakakamurwa chirambe chakapfava uye palisadnuyu (columnar) parenchyma. The STRUCTURAL vamapoka columnar zvinyama zvine akawandisa chloroplasts, anogona kufamba mhiri chezuva. Masero vari pedyo chaizvo kuonana mumwe, zviri photosynthesis yavo. Chirambe chakapfava zvinyama chakaumbwa zvokutanga tudonhwe mupenyu, kuti une mugari chimiro, yakawanda intercellular fuma uye chaizvo-siyana zvinobva zvarongwa pachavo. Zvinoda chikamu, asi kwete kutoshanda sezvinoita rusvingo parenchyma, kuitwa, uyewo kuburikidza yaro mhepo nzvimbo gasi Exchange kunoitika. Uyewo ari jira vari mutsinga izvo vashumire mumidziyo, kuita muviri. Zviri kwavari mvura chicherwa zvinhu iri vaipa kune lateral kupukunyuka masero omuviri, uye outputs zviri jira pacharo makemikari remubatanidzwa kuumbwa mune chirongwa photosynthesis. Uye guru mutsinga wakakomberedzwa faibha mwanda inoumbwa zvokuimba tishu uye anopa namashizha kwesimba.

Saka, sechivako jira zvikuru kunzwisisa uye anokonzerwa mabasa kwakaitwa muviri ichi - kuitwa, gasi Exchange, Guttation uye kwemvura. Uyewo, kunze huru, jira kunogonawo kuita mamwe mabasa - kudzivirira (spines), Nehunde nezvinhu (chikero Mabumba) uye vegetative kupararira.